Abstract: A process for making PBZ fibers of ultra-high physical properties is given. Polybenzoxazole fibers made by the process of this invention have tensile strengths nearly double in value from what has been reported previously.

Abstract: Substantially water-insoluble, crosslinked polypeptides containing 15 to 85 mole % of amino acid residues such as glutamic acid, aspartic acid, phosphoserine, phosphohomoserine, phosphotyrosine, phosphothreonine, phosphoasparagine, or phosphoglutamine, and 15 to 85 mole % of amino acid residues such as lysine, arginine, asparagine, glutamine, serine or tyrosine, in which the degree of crosslinking is sufficient to result in a substantially water-insoluble polypeptide with the ability to absorb a 1 wt. % aqueous NaCl solution in an amount of at least 20 times the weight of the polypeptide, are useful as superabsorbents in devices such as diapers, etc. Mild alkaline hydrolysis of the crosslinked polypeptides increases their superabsorbency by two to three fold.

Abstract: Poly(arylene ether)ketones, polyamides, and poly(benzoxazoles) that contain thiophene rings within the aromatic polymer backbone are disclosed, along with fibers, films, and other articles of manufacture formed therefrom.

Abstract: A method for preparing a polymer including the step of reacting carbon monoxide and a reactant pair having respective general formulas ##STR1## a reactant having the general formula ##STR2## in the presence of catalyst and free iodo or bromo ions. X is --Br or --I. n is an integer from 0 to 4. R.sup.1 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, arylalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and cycloalkyl. R.sup.2 is selected from the group consisting of ##STR3## wherein each R.sup.5 is independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl and aryl, m is an integer from 1-12, and j is an integer between 0 and 300.

Abstract: A method for preparing a polymer including the step of reacting carbon monoxide and a reactant pair having respective general formulas ##STR1## and or a reactant having the general formula ##STR2## in the presence of catalyst and free iodo or bromo ions. X is a nonortho halide selected from --Br and --I. n is an integer from 0 to 4. R.sup.1 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, arylalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, and cycloalkyl. R.sup.2 is selected from the group consisting of ##STR3## and Each R.sup.5 is independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl and aryl, m is an integer from 1-12, and j is an integer between 0 and 300. R.sup.3 is selected from the group consisting of substituted aryl, unsubstituted aryl, substituted heteroaryl, and unsubstituted heteroaryl.

Abstract: Substituted and unsubstituted di-phthalonitrile monomers devoid of ether /or phenoxy groups are solid at room temperature and which monomers are defined by the following general formula: ##STR1## where R is an aromatic tetravalent radical, thermoplastic prepolymers and thermosetting polymers which polymers are solid at room temperature and have a defined glass transition temperature if said polymers are cured at a temperature below a critical temperature or are devoid of a glass transition temperature if said polymers are postcured at a temperature exceeding said critical temperature.

Abstract: A halogen free casting resin suitable for covering electron devices with a fire retardant material contains an acidic ester of an hydroxy-functional phosphor compound and an organic anhydride. A stable mixture can be generated from the acidic ester and the hardener component of the casting resin, and further used for the hardening of epoxides resins. The acidic ester is chemically integrated in the epoxide resin matrix in a stable mixture, thereby improving the long term fire-retardancy of the casting resin molding compound without increasing the volatility of the mixture.

Abstract: Substantially water-insoluble, crosslinked polypeptides containing 15 to 85 mole % of amino acid residues such as glutamic acid, aspartic acid, phosphoserine, phosphohomoserine, phosphotyrosine, phosphothreonine, phosphoasparagine, or phosphoglutamine, and 15 to 85 mole % of amino acid residues such as lysine, arginine, asparagine, glutamine, serine or tyrosine, in which the degree of crosslinking is sufficient to result in a substantially water-insoluble polypeptide with the ability to absorb a 1% aqueous NaCl solution in an amount of at least 20 times the weight of the polypeptide, are useful as superabsorbents in devices such as diapers, etc.

Abstract: The present invention discloses new polymers which can assume an accordion-like conformation of the backbone. These polymers are prepared by the copolymerization of two difuntional, chemically precoupled precursors to chromophoric units. The resulting polymers have a head-to-head, tail-to-tail topology (a syndioregic arrangement of rigid units along the polymer backbone), and the molecular units are designed to fold into an "accordion" conformation. This useful microstructure (a three-dimensional conformation) forms spontaneously (self-assembles); or, it can be brought about by field-assisted processing. Films and fibers of these polymers have useful second-order nonlinear optical properties, and may be used for the modulation and switching of optical communications signals.

Abstract: A diamine or bismaleimide of the general formula I ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 denote an H atom or together denote the group --OC--CH.dbd.CH--CO--, Y.sub.1 and Y.sub.2 independently of one another denote O or S and Het denotes a thiazole, a thiadiazole or a 1-methyltriazole ring. The diamines and bismaleimides are used for the preparation of polyimides which are if appropriate reinforced with fibers and if appropriate incompletely hardened.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of aromatic imide sulfide polymers and polymers produced. In the process, elemental sulfur is reacted with a compound having the general formula ##STR1## wherein Z.sup.1 is a direct link and Z.sup.2 is H, or Z.sup.1 has the general structure ##STR2## or Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 together complete a moiety having the general structure ##STR3## n= 0-4 . R.sup.1 is substituted or unsubstituted: aryl or heteroaryl. ##STR4## which R.sup.3 is an independently selected aryl group, m is an integer from 1 to 12, and j is an integer from 0 to 300.

Abstract: A composition comprising a 1,2-dialkylidenecyclobutane such as 1,2-dimethylenecyclobutane, a bisbenzocyclobutene and a polyimide such as a bismaleimide can be thermally cured to a tough copolymer having a high glass transition temperature.

Abstract: A prepolymer of the formula ##STR1## where LG is a linking group, and copolymers thereof; polymers prepared therefrom, and a reaction injection molding process employing the same.

Abstract: The invention is a process for making novel branched polybenzazole polymers and the polymers formed thereby. Novel compounds are also disclosed that are useful as branching agents in making the branched polybenzazole polymers. The branched polymers synthesized by the process can be formed into strong, light articles such as fibers and films.

Abstract: A method for preparing poly(imide-amide)s comprising reacting carbon monoxide, an aromatic or heteroaromatic diamine, and an aromatic or heteroaromatic di(trifluoromethane sulfonate), in the presence of solvent and a catalyst One of the aromatic reactants has a nucleus including a phthalimide ring system. The catalyst is a compound of a metal selected from the group consisting of platinum, palladium and nickel.

Abstract: A process and polyimide product formed by the reaction of a bismaleimide with a bis(amidediene) wherein the bis(amidediene) is formed by reacting an excess of an acid chloride with 1,4-N,N'-diisoprenyl-2,3,5,6-tetramethyl benzene.

Abstract: In one embodiment this invention provides polymalonamide polymers with side chains which exhibit nonlinear optical response.

Abstract: Block copolymers of polyarylene sulfide with either polyimide, or polydiorgano siloxane are provided. Various methods for making such block copolymers are shown which are useful as compatabilizers for blends of polyarylene sulfide with polyimides and polydiorgano siloxanes.

Abstract: A prepolymer of the formula ##STR1## where LG is a linking group, and copolymers thereof; polymers prepared therefrom, and a reaction injection molding process employing the same.

Abstract: Fatty acid terminated polyanhydrides suitable for use as controlled release matrices in biodegradable sustained release drug delivery systems and methods for making thereof are described. The polymers are more soluble in organic solvents, and have a lower melting point than the corresponding non-fatty acid terminated polyanhydrides. The fatty acid terminated polyanhydrides are also more hydrophobic than the corresponding polyanhydrides that are not terminated with a fatty acid, and combine the properties of thermodynamic and hydrolytic stability, and easy storage. The polymers can be produced with a controlled and low molecular weight. The polyanhydrides are useful in a number of applications, including as a matrix in biodegradable drug delivery systems.

Abstract: A diamine or bismaleimide of the general formula I ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 denote an H atom or together denote the group --OC--CH.dbd.CH--CO--, Y.sub.1 and Y.sub.2 independently of one another deonte O or S and Het denotes a thiazole, a thiadiazole or a 1-methyltriazole ring. The diamines and bismaleimides are used for the preparation of polyimides which are if appropriate reinforced with fibers and if appropriate incompletely hardened.

Abstract: The physical properties of high performance composites can be tailored by using coreactive oligomer blends to make the composites. The blends include a first oligomer having an unsaturated hydrocarbon end cap and a second oligomer having an amine, hydroxyl, sulfhydryl, or ##STR1## functionality. Upon curing, the oligomers homopolymerize (i.e. addition polymerize) and mutually interlink (i.e. copolymerize) to form composites possessing intermediate properties to those exhibited by the pure oligomers. The coreactive oligomer blends may also include noncrosslinking polymers and other coreactants, as desired. Stiffness or toughness can be increased in thermally stable composites without significant loss of other properties through these coreactive oligomer blends that cure to block copolymers.

Abstract: A curable composition containing a dicyanate ester, a bisimide and a bisbenzocyclobutene provides a processable cyanate ester which has improved toughness in the cured state.

Abstract: Polyetherimide oligomers having crosslinking end cap moieties which provide improved solvent-resistance to cured composites are generally represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein X=--O-- or --S--; ##STR2## n=1 or 2; ##STR3## E=allyl or methallyl; R=a trivalent C.sub.(6-13) aromatic organic radical;R.sub.1 =any of lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, aryl, or substituted aryl;R'=a divalent C.sub.(6-30) aromatic organic radical;j=0, 1, or 2; andG=--CH.sub.2 --, --O--, --S--, or --SO.sub.2 --The crosslinkable oligomers are made by reacting substituted phthalic anhydrides with hydroxyaryl amines and suitable crosslinking end cap reactants, or by self-condensation of phthalimide salts followed by capping the polymers.

Abstract: An addition type imide resin prepolymer is obtained by a reaction of unsaturated bisimide of 1.0 mol to diamine of 0.25 to 0.43 mol and an addition of polyamine having three or more benzene rings. The prepolymer is thereby made to contain substantially no unreacted diamine component which affects human body of operators, and to have remarkably excellent heat resistance and adhesive properties, while effective to restrain a production of any component of a molecular weight exceeding 15,000.

Abstract: Aromatic copolyamides are described, which are soluble in organic amide solvents. The polymers are composed to at least 95 mol % of repeat structural unitsA: --OC--AR--CO--B: --HN--Ar'--NH--C: --HN--Ar"--NH-- ##STR1## in the combinations A+B+C+D, or A+C+D+E and up to 5 mol % of m-bond-containing structural units F and/or G derived from aromatic dicarboxylic acids (F') and/or from aromatic diamines (G'), the sum total of the mole fractions of structural units A+F and the sum total of the mole fractions of the structural units of B+C+D+E+G being essentially the same, --Ar-- and --Ar'-- are divalent aromatic radicals whose C--N valence bonds are in a para-position or in a similar coaxial or parallel position and which may be substituted by one or two inert radicals, such as lower alkykl or halogen, ##STR2## is a trivalent aromatic radical which after removal of the --SO.sub.2 R group has the same meaning as --Ar-- or --Ar'-- or else is the structural unit ##STR3## wehre X is --O--, --NHCO--, --SO.sub.

Abstract: Aromatic copolyamides, preparation thereof and structures formed therefromThere are described aromatic copolyamides which are soluble in organic solvents for polyamides and which comprise at least 95 mol % of recurring structural units of formulae ##STR1## and up to 5 mol % of meta-bonded structural units E and/or F derived from aromatic dicarboxylic acids (E') and/or from aromatic diamines (F'), the sum total of the mole fractions of structural units A+E and the sum total of the mole fractions of structural units B+C+D+F being essentially of equal magnitude.The copolyamides of the present invention can be processed into fibers having high strengths and high breaking extensions.

Abstract: Toughened bismaleimide resin systems capable of preparing carbon fiber reinforced composites having compression after impact strengths of greater than 40 Ksi are prepared from bismaleimide matrix resin systems containing a member of a limited set of soluble thermoplastic polyimides in particulate form.

Abstract: The physical properties of high performance composites can be tailored by using coreactive oligomer blends to make the composites. The blends include a first oligomer having an unsaturated hydrocarbon end cap and a second oligomer having an amine, hydroxyl, sulfhydryl, or ##STR1## functionality. Upon curing, the oligomers homopolymerize (i.e. addition polymerize) and mutually interlink (i.e. copolymerize) to form composites possessing intermediate properties to those exhibited by the pure oligomers. The coreactive oligomer blends may also include noncrosslinking polymers and other coreactants, as desired. Stiffness or toughness can be increased in thermally stable composites without significant loss of other properties through these coreactive oligomer blends that cure to block copolymers.

Abstract: Disclosed is a composition for forming a thermosetting resin having excellent impact resistance and toughness. The composition comprises a bismaleimide compound represented by formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R is a hydrogen atom or methyl, and an amine compound represented by formula (II): ##STR2## wherein X is a radical selected from the group of divalent hydrocarbons having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, hexafluorinated isopropylidene, carbonyl, thio, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, oxo, ##STR3## or by formula (III)): ##STR4## where in n is an integer of 0 to 50. Also disclosed is a process for preparing the composition.

Abstract: Disclosed is a thermosetting resin composition which comprises a specific bismaleimide compound or polymaleimide and a specific aromatic diamine compound. It can be widely used for electrical and electronic parts, various structural parts, sliding parts and the like.

Abstract: Imide prepolymers comprising unsaturated bisimides, diamines, and tribromophenylmaleimide in cured state show improved heat resistance, especially soldering heat resistance and flame retardance as well as mechanical properties and are suitable as laminates.

Abstract: A class of di-ortho-substituted bismaleimides undergo uncatalyzed Michael addition with polyhydric phenols to afford chain-extended bismaleimides having a significantly wider processing window than the non-extended parent. The fully cured resins show improved fracture toughness, generally have comparable or superior dielectric constant and dielectric loss, and show no degradation in other properties such as resistance to moisture, to methylene chloride, and coefficient of thermal expansion.

Abstract: An aligning agent for liquid crystals containing a polyamino acid having no optical activity.

Abstract: Aromatic copolyamides are described which are soluble in organic polyamide solvents and contain at least 95 mol % of repeating structural units of the formulae ##STR1## and up to 5 mol % of structural units E and/or F containing m-bonds and being derived from aromatic dicarboxylic acids (E') and/or aromatic diamines (F'), the sums of the molar proportions of structural units A+E and the molar proportions of structural units B+C+D+F being essentially the same. In these formulae, --Ar-- is a divalent aromatic radical whose valence bonds are in the para or comparable coaxial or parallel position, --R is hydrogen, lower alkyl radicals, lower alkoxy radicals or halogen, and R' is a direct bond, a polymethylene chain of 2 to 6 carbon atoms, --O--, --S--, --CO-- or --SO.sub.2 --, or a group of the formula --O--Ar'--O--, in which Ar' has the same meanings as Ar.

Abstract: Solid, fusible bismaleimide resins formed from a mixture of a bismaleimide and an aminophenol still contain from 70 to 90 mol % of unconverted bismaleimide and from 30 to 60 mol % of unconverted aminophenol.

Abstract: A modified bisimide resin is prepared by copolymerizing a bisimide monomer and a bisoxazoline. The copolymerization of a bisimide with a bisoxazoline such as 2,2'-(1,3-phenylene)bisoxazoline provides a modified bisimide having improved fracture toughness.

Abstract: Cyanatoaryl-substituted 1,6-diaza[4.4]spirodilactam having a cyanatoaryl-containing substituent on each spiro ring nitrogen atom self-cure upon application of heat to produce cured, crosslinked thermoset resins of high glass transition temperature.

Abstract: Compounds containing at least one cyanate group, at least one maleimide group and at least one mesogenic or rodlike moiety are prepared by reacting one or more aminophenols containing one or more mesogenic or rodlike moieties with a stoichimetric quantity of a maleic anhydride per amine group of said aminophenol and then cyanating the resulting phenolic functional maleimide.

Abstract: A denatured bismaleimide resin of repeating units represented by the following formula (I) and process for preparing same which comprises the Michael addition reaction of a bismaleimide and an aromatic secondary diamine: ##STR1## wherein, n represents an integer of 1 to 3, A represents a divalent group having from 2 to 20 carbon atoms,A' represents a divalent group having less than 20 carbon atoms which includes at least one or more aromatic groups, andR represents aliphatic having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A poly-amino acid compound capable of inhibiting mineral deposition, which has the structure:poly (X).sub.m (Y).sub.nwhereeach X independently is aspartate, glutamate, glutamine, asparagine, or anionic derivatives of these amino acids, or phosphoserine,each Y independently is a phosphorylated amino acid such as phosphoserine, phosphohomoserine, phosphotyrosine, phosphothreonine, phosphoglutamine, phosphoasparagine, or mixtures of these residues,m is 2 to 150,n is 1 to 3, andn+m is .gtoreq.5, andsalts of these peptides.

Abstract: Improved toughness is demonstrated by cured resin compositions produced by heating a curable resin composition comprising (1) an arylcyclobutenealkyl ether of a di(hydroxyphenyl) oligomer, (2) a bismalemide and (3) a di(cyanatophenyl) oligomer.

Abstract: APO-BMI is a chain-extended with certain diamines to provide thermosetting resins retaining the improved properties of APO-BMI resins, but having increased toughness in the cured resins.

Abstract: A thermosetting resin is comprised of (a) a bisimide, particularly a bismaleimide, (b) a polyphenol, particularly a bisphenol, and (c) dicyandiamide. The polyphenol may be styrene-terminated (i.e. a vinyl benzyl ether of a bisphenol). Flame retardance is improved by the addition of octabromodiphenyl oxide.

Abstract: Imide prepolymer compositions containing an unsaturated component (A) and diamine component (B) at the (A)/(B) molar ratio of 0.9-1.5 and 0.01-5.0% by weight, based on the sum of said components (A) and (B), of at least one radical polymerization inhibitors, and preferably further 0.01-5.0% by weight, based on the sum of said components (A) and (B), of at least one compound selected from the group of carboxylic acid and carboxylic acid anhydride.The imide prepolymer compositions of the present invention which contain the above-defined components in specific proportions are tough and excellent in adhesive strength to glass cloths and metals and in heat resistance.

Abstract: A thermoplastic polymer having a repeating unit of the formula (I), (II), or (III): ##STR1## where LG is a linking group and W is an oligomeric chain selected from the group consisting of polyether, a polythioether, a polyetherthioether, polycarbonyl, or polysulfonyl, or a copolymer thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides polyamide-polyimide and polybenzoxazole-polyimide polymers derived therefrom with improved processing and film characteristics having incorporated into the polymeric backbone the polymeric condensation residuum of novel aromatic diamino compounds having the formula: ##STR1## wherein A is selected from the group consisting of SO.sub.2, O, S, CO, C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 alkyl, perfluoroalkyl or perfluoroarylalkyl having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms and a carbon-carbon double bond directly linking the two aromatic groups, and R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxy and C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkoxy.The polyamide-polyimide polymers of this invention are prepared by reacting compounds of the above formula, alone or admixed with other aromatic diamines, with one or more aromatic tetarcarboxylic acids or anhydrides thereof. Polybenzoxazole-polyimide derivatives of such polyamide-polyimide polymers are prepared utilizing compounds of the above formula wherein R is hydroxy or C.

Abstract: Thermosettable prepolymers are prepared by reacting (A) the reaction product of (1) a heterocyclic material having one or more rings therein, at least one nitrogen atom in a ring and at least two substituent groups which have at least one reactive hydrogen atom attached to a carbon atom which is attached to a heterocyclic ring such as 2,3,5,6-tetramethylpyrazine; (2) a cycloaliphatic or aromatic carboxylic acid mono- or dianhydride such as pyromellitic dianhydride; and (3) a compound containing both a polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated group and at least one group selected from (a) a heterocyclic material having one or more rings, at least one nitrogen atom in a ring and at least one substituent group which has at least one reactive hydrogen atom attached to a carbon atom which is attached to a heterocyclic ring such as 2-methyl-5-vinyl pyridine or (b) a cycloaliphatic or aromatic carboxylic acid mono- or dianhydride group such as cis-5-norbornene-endo-2,3-dicarboxylic anhydride; with (B) an aqueous or a

Abstract: The present invention provides polyamide-polyamide and polybenzoxazole-polyamide polymers derived therefrom with improved processing and film characteristics having incorporated into the polymeric backbone the polymeric condensation residuum of novel aromatic diamino compounds having the formula: ##STR1## wherein A is selected from the group consisting of SO.sub.2, O, S, CO, C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 alkylene, perfluoroalkylene or perfluoroalkylene having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms and a bond directly linking the two aromatic groups and R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxy and C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkoxy.The polyamide-polyamide polymers of this invention are prepared by reacting compounds of the above formula, alone or admixed with othr aromatic diamines, with one or more aromatic or aliphatic dicarboxylic acid or amide-forming derivatives thereof.

Abstract: Novel thermosetting imido prepolymers having low melt viscosity, well adapted for the production, e.g., of preimpregnated shaped articles, are copolymerizates of at least one N,N'-bismaleimide; at least one hindered diprimary diamine, e.g., 4,4'-diamino-3,3',5,5'-tetraalkyl-diphenyl-methane or 1,3-diamino- or 1,4-diaminotrialkylbenzene; at least one comonomeric heterocycle, e.g., a vinylpyridine, N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone, allyl isocyanurate, vinyltetrahydrofuran, and/or an imidazole compound; and at least one comonomeric (meth)acrylate.