Abstract: Protein isolates having a high protein content and low residual fat content are provided in substantially non-denatured form by extracting an oil seed meal having a significant fat content, particularly canola meal, with an aqueous food grade salt solution to cause solubilization of protein and fat in the oil seed meal and form an aqueous protein solution. Fat is removed from the aqueous protein solution by chilling the aqueous protein solution and removing the fat which separates. The protein concentration of the defatted protein solution is increased while the ionic strength is maintained substantially constant. A further fat removal operation may be carried out on the concentrated protein solution followed by dilution to an ionic strength below about 0.2 to cause the formation of discrete protein particles in the aqueous phase in the form of protein micelles.

Abstract: An improved corn wet milling process is disclosed. In a process in which corn kernels are steeped in an aqueous solution and are milled to facilitate the separation of the components thereof, in which starch from the corn is separated from gluten, and in which at least one aqueous gluten-containing stream is generated, the improvement comprises membrane filtration of an aqueous gluten-containing stream, producing a gluten-enriched retentate, and removing water from the gluten-enriched retentate, thereby producing a substantially dry gluten product. This improved process provides an economical means of recovering a higher percentage of the available protein for inclusion in high value products.

Abstract: A new class of proteins and methods related thereto are presented. The proteins, which can be characterized as catalysts of the extension of plant cell walls and the weakening of the hydrogen bonds in pure cellulose, are referred to as expansins. Two proteins have been isolated by fractionation techniques from washed wall fragments of cucumber hypocotyls, referred to as "cucumber expansin-29" and "cucumber expansin-30" (abbreviated cEx-29 and cEx-30, with respect to their apparent relative masses as determined by SDS-PAGE). Moreover, three peptide fragments from the purified cEx-29 protein were sequenced, then oligonucleotide primers were designed to amplify a portion of the expansin cDNA using polymerase chain reaction with a cDNA template derived from cucumber seedlings, and then the PCR fragment was used to screen a cDNA library to identify full length clones.

Abstract: The synthesis of lignin by plants, particularly cereal and forage crops, is modified by genetic transformation with a construct which includes a DNA sequence which modifies the activity of the enzyme cinnamyl coenzyme A reductase (CCR). Sequence-ID-1 is the CCR sequence from Zea mays.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for recovering polyhydroxyalkanoate from a biological source material comprising the polyhydroxyalkanoate, the process comprising: a) comminuting the biological source material; b) air classifying the biological source material such that the polyhydroxyalkanoate particles are separated from other components of the biological source material; and c) recovering the polyhydroxyalkanoate.

Abstract: Protein isolates having a high protein content and low residual fat content are provided in substantially non-denatured form by extracting an oil seed meal having a significant fat content, particularly canola meal, with an aqueous food grade salt solution to cause solubilization of protein and fat in the oil seed meal and form an aqueous protein solution. Following separation of this solution from the residual oil seed meal, fat is removed from the aqueous protein solution by chilling the aqueous protein solution and removing the fat which separates. The protein concentration of the defatted protein solution is increased while the ionic strength is maintained substantially constant. A further fat removal operation may be carried out on the concentrated protein solution followed by dilution to an ionic strength below about 0.2 to cause the formation of discrete protein particles in the aqueous phase in the form of protein micelles.

Abstract: Disclosed is a chimeric isoprenoid synthase polypeptide including a first domain from a first isoprenoid synthase joined to a second domain from a second, heterologous isoprenoid synthase, whereby the chimeric isoprenoid synthase is capable of catalyzing the production of isoprenoid reaction products that are not produced in the absence of the second domain of the second, heterologous isoprenoid synthase. Also disclosed is a chimeric isoprenoid synthase polypeptide including an assymetrically positioned homologous domain, whereby the chimeric isoprenoid synthase is capable of catalyzing the production of isoprenoid reaction products that are not produced when the domain is positioned at its naturally-occurring site in the isoprenoid synthase polypeptide.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the identification of nucleic acid sequences and constructs, and methods related thereto, and the use of these sequences and constructs to produce genetically modified plants for the purpose of altering the composition of plant oils, waxes and related compounds.

Abstract: In the method described, a protein-containing substance is first taken up in an alkaline solvent to give a solution. Insoluble constituents of the substance are separated off, the solution is neutralized and desalinated, and then the proteins contained in the solution are concentrated. The solubilization or disintegration of the protein-containing substance is carried out at room temperature using homogenization equipment. The heat dissipated into the protein-containing substance during homogenization is simultaneously removed. The pH of the alkaline solvent during the decomposition is over 11.5 and/or decomposition is carried out in the presence of a detergent, in particular sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS).

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of obtaining a highly soluble protein which method generally includes at least the step of contacting the protein with an amount of antioxidant suitable to raise the solubility of the protein, which method may also be utilized to raise the protein yield of the process. Antioxidants suitable for use in the present invention include substituted and unsubstituted quinones, anisoles, toluenes and tocopherols. Also disclosed is a highly soluble protein which includes a protein and added antioxidant. Further disclosed are food products made from a highly soluble protein. Finally, a method of processing food products is disclosed which at least includes the step of incorporating a highly soluble protein into the food product.

Abstract: The present invention provides purified and isolated polynucleotides encoding Type I ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPS) and analogs of the RIPs having a cysteine available for disulfide bonding to targeting molecules. Vectors comprising the polynucleotides and host cells transformed with the vectors are also provided. The RIPs and RIP analogs are particularly suited for use as components of cytotoxic therapeutic agents of the invention which include gene fusion products and immunoconjugates. Cytotoxic therapeutic agents or immunotoxins according to the present invention may be used to selectively eliminate any cell type to which the RIP component is targeted by the specific binding capacity of the second component of the agent, and are suited for treatment of diseases where the elimination of a particular cell type is a goal, such as autoimmune disease, cancer and graft-versus-host disease.

Abstract: Isolated polypeptides useful in ameliorating GAD-associated autoimmune disease as well as diagnostic and therapeutic methods of using the peptides are disclosed.

Abstract: A 21 kD protein, and its 23 kD expression precursor, as the source of peptide flavor precursors in cocoa (Theobroma cacao) have been identified. Genes coding for them have been probed, identified and sequenced, and recombinant proteins have been synthesized.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the identification of nucleic acid sequences and constructs, and methods related thereto, and the use of these sequences and constructs to produce genetically modified plants for the purpose of altering the composition of plant oils, waxes and related compounds.

Abstract: A high quality soy protein isolate with a significant reduction in phytate and aluminum is prepared via ultrafiltration. Defatted soy flour slurry is prepared and adjusted to a pH such that the protein becomes solubilized. The solubilized protein can pass through the ultrafiltration membrane. The ultrafiltration system rejects phytate and aluminum. Once the soluble protein passes through the ultrafiltration system the soy protein isolate is then precipitated from the clear permeate stream by adjusting the pH within the isoelectric range of soy proteins.

Abstract: A plant .DELTA..sup.6 palmitoyl-acyl carrier protein desaturase, the gene encoding the desaturase, and transgenic plants and plant cells containing the heterologous DNA encoding the desaturase are described. The desaturase introduces a double bond at the sixth carbon atom from the carboxyl end of a 16 carbon saturated fatty acid, and is therefore useful in production of plant seeds having a modified fatty acid profile.

Abstract: Purified DNA encoding crucifer AFT proteins and chimeric transcriptional activator proteins from such DNA are disclosed. Such proteins are also involved in plant defense mechanisms by interacting with proteins involved in protecting plants from pathogens. The recombinant polypeptides and fragments are useful in methods of modulating plant gene expression.

Abstract: A plant .DELTA..sup.6 palmitoyl-acyl carrier protein desaturase, the gene encoding the desaturase, and transgenic plants and plant cells containing the heterologous DNA encoding the desaturase are described. The desaturase introduces a double bond at the sixth carbon atom from the carboxyl end of a 16 carbon saturated fatty acid, and is therefore useful in production of plant seeds having a modified fatty acid profile.

Abstract: The hsr203J gene of SEQ ID No. 1 and individual components thereof including its promoter and regulatory regions thereof, its coding region, its gene product; modifications thereto; applications of said gene, promoter region, regulatory region and coding region and modifications thereto; DNA constructs, vectors and transformed plants each comprising the gene or part thereof.

Abstract: A process is described for producing a polypeptide by cultivating a plant whose genome contains a recombinant DNA. The recombinant DNA includes:a) a first DNA sequence which encodes a precursor of a 2S albumin; andb) a heterologous second DNA sequence that encodes the polypeptide and that is inserted into, or replaces at least in part, a hypervariable region of the first DNA between codons which code for fourth and fifth cysteine residues of the large subunit of the 2S albumin. The ends of the second DNA sequence are each linked to one or more codons that encode one or more amino acid residues, to define first selectively cleavable border sites surrounding the polypeptide for separating the polypeptide from surrounding parts of the 2S albumin; and the hypervariable region, containing the second DNA sequence, encodes no more than approximately the same number of amino acids as are encoded by the hypervariable region without the second DNA sequence.

Abstract: Polypeptide backbones containing sugar residues at repetitive intervals are capable of binding the mannose receptor when said sugars are mannosyl, fucosyl, or N-acetyl glucosamine residues. These peptides are of the formulaX--(Z(Sa)AA.sub.n1).sub.n2 --Y (1)wherein Sa represents a mannose, fucose, glucose or N-acetylglucosamine residue optionally coupled to a linker moiety; Z is the residue of an amino acid to which S is coupled; each AA is independently the residue of an additional amino acid, n1 is an integer=1, 2 or 3; n2 is 3-15, and X and Y are noninterfering substituents. They are useful in the treatment of various diseases mediated by macrophage activity and proliferation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing lipids containing the fatty acid petroselinic acid in plants. The production of petroselinic acid is accomplished by genetically transforming plants which do not normally accumulate petroselinic acid with a gene for a .omega.12 desaturase from another species which does normally accumulate petroselinic acid.

Abstract: By this invention, a solubilized seed-plant fatty acyl reductase protein is provided, wherein said protein is active in the formation of a fatty alcohol from a fatty acyl substrate. Of special interest is a jojoba embryo reductase protein having a molecular mass of about 32 kD or about 47 kD and sequences obtainable therefrom. Also considered are amino acid and nucleic acid sequences obtainable from such fatty acyl reductases.

Abstract: New proteins, termed GAP 31, obtainable from the seeds of Gelonium multiflorum, and DAP 30 and DAP 32, obtainable from the leaves or seeds of Dianthus caryophyllus, or the above proteins produced by recombinant means, are useful for treating HIV infections. In treating HIV infections, the protein is administered alone or in conjunction with other anti-HIV therapeutics. Also provided are processes for purifying the proteins, DNA sequences encoding the proteins, hosts expressing the proteins, recombinant DNA methods for expressing the proteins, and antibodies specific for the proteins.

Abstract: A method for separating phytate and manganese from protein and dietary fiber involves treatment of an aqueous slurry of phytatecontaining material at a low pH with insoluble alumina. In a batch treatment process the pH of the solution is increased, leaving phytate units attached to the alumina while freeing the protein and dietary fiber. In a column treatment process, the column containing alumina is rinsed, after the low pH treatment, with dilute acid and water to recover the protein and/or dietary fiber. This method may be employed either during the manufacture of protein and fiber isolates from flour or flakes, or for removing phytate from commercially available protein and fiber commodities. The spent alumina may be readily regenerated and reused. A method of separating manganese from rice protein using this same technology is also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for preparing a carbohydrate-binding lectin derivative for use as immune modulators or immunoconjugates. The polymer-lectin conjugate produced in accordance with the process is polyethylene glycol Ricinus communis agglutinin I (PEG-RCAI). The lectin is coupled to the polymer by activating the polymer with a coupling agent such as 1,1-carbonyldiimidazole. The polymer-lectin conjugate is biologically active, biocompatible and is expected to be substantially non-immunogenic.

Abstract: Plant material may be treated for the removal of gossypol therefrom to provide a protein-rich product and/or oil relatively free of gossypol. The process includes the steps of:a. grinding the plant material to form a meal,b. adding an amine and a buffer to the meal and mixing to form a slurry and react the gossypol in the plant material with the amine and buffer to form a gossypol/amine/buffer complex,c. allowing the slurry to form a crystal layer of the complex above a layer of the meal having gossypol removed therefrom,d. separating the crystal layer from the layer of meal.The gossypol containing complex recovered also possesses insecticidal activity.

Abstract: Novel protein partial degradation products obtainable from grain proteins such as wheat protein, maize protein, soya bean protein, etc., by specific degradation treatments, which are useful as a quality-improving agent for various food stuffs, a surface active agent, a dispersing agent for particles, etc.

Abstract: A high quality soy protein isolate with a significant reduction in phytate and aluminum is prepared via ultrafiltration. Defatted soy flour slurry is prepared and adjusted to a pH such that the protein becomes solubilized. The solubilized protein can pass through the ultrafiltration membrane. The ultrafiltration system rejects phytate and aluminum. Once the soluble protein passes through the ultrafiltration system the soy protein isolate is then precipitated from the clear permeate stream by adjusting the pH within the isoelectric range of soy proteins.

Abstract: Process for tanning a protein substance, in particular one of vegetable oin, such as oil seed proteins, characterized in that it includes treating the said protein substance with a dithiocarbamate type compound, partially degraded by a strong acid.

Abstract: A method for separating phytate and manganese from protein and dietary fiber involves treatment of an aqueous slurry of phytate-containing material at a low pH with insoluble alumina. In a batch treatment process the pH of the solution is increased, leaving phytate units attached to the alumina while freeing the protein and dietary fiber. In a column treatment process, the column containing alumina is rinsed, after the low pH treatment, with dilute acid and water to recover the protein and/or dietary fiber. This method may be employed either during the manufacture of protein and fiber isolates from flour or flakes, or for removing phytate from commercially available protein and fiber commodities. The spent alumina may be readily regenerated and reused. A method of separating manganese from rice protein using this same technology is also disclosed.

Abstract: A process for enhancing the functional properties of denatured proteinaceous material of vegetable origin. The enhanced properties include at least one property selected from the group consisting of water absorption, water binding capacity, oil binding capacity, fat binding capacity, and the ability to produce viscous aqueous suspensions. The process includes the steps of obtaining the denatured proteinaceous material by treating undenatured proteinaceous material with aqueous alcohol and maintaining a slurry of the denatured proteinaceous material in warm aqueous ammonia in which the weight ratio of the aqueous phase to solids is between 3:1 and 15:1 at a temperature between 75.degree. C. to 100.degree. C. and within a pH range of from 8.0 to 9.5.

Abstract: Covalently-linked complexes (CLCs) for targeting a defined population of cells, comprising a targeting protein; a cytotoxic agent; and an enhancing moiety, wherein the enhancing moiety is capable of promoting CLC-target cell interaction are disclosed. Methods for using the claimed CLCs to obtain enhanced in vivo cytotoxicity and enhanced in vivo imaging are also described.

Abstract: Molecular conjugates which facilitate the attachment of macromolecular drugs onto cellular surfaces and their entry into cells are described. The molecular conjugates comprise a macromolecular drug linked to an "inactivated" membrane blending agent which inserts into the cellular plasma membrane. The membrane blending agent is inactivated by cleavable linkage to a blocking agent which, until released from the conjugate under appropriate conditions, blocks and ability of the membrane blending agent to insert into the cellular membrane. Upon release of the blocking agent, the membrane blending agent is "activated" and the conjugate can be inserted into a cellular plasma membrane. The membrane blending agents can be peptides such as fusogenic or ion channel forming peptides or long chain fatty acids. The blocking agents can be bulky or charged moieties which mask and prevent insertion of the membrane blending agent.

Abstract: A method of potentiating immunotoxin action in an immunotoxin/target-cell stem in which Brefeldin A is utilized as an immunopotentiator. The Brefeldin A enhances the immunotoxin pathway while blocking or inhibiting the nonspecific pathway, thus being particularly useful in conjunction with immunotoxins made from holotoxins. The Brefeldin A is effective in small, nontoxic concentrations and therefore may be utilized with either in vivo or in vitro systems.

Abstract: The .alpha.-chlorohydrin content of liquid hydrolysed protein obtained by acid hydrolysis with hydrochloric acid is reduced by adjusting the pH of the liquid hydrolysed protein to a pH of from 8 to 14 and holding the liquid for a time sufficient for the .alpha.-chlorohydrin content of the liquid hydrolysed protein to be reduced.

Abstract: True oilseed protein curd products are produced from defatted and undefatted oilseeds and oilseed materials without inherent undesirable components responsible for poor taste, odor and color. The curds are produced through alkali and water extraction of proteins from the insoluble components. Ultrafiltration of the protein extraction both purifies and concentrates the desirable high molecular weight protein macromolecules from the smaller (less than 50,000 daltons) less desirable ones. Further treatment with heat, acid and/or salt coagulates the protein to form a meat-like, chewy true curd which will not disintegrate when boiled. Extraction of a storage protein fraction from glandless cottonseed by the same method will also yield a true curd never before possible.

Abstract: High molecular weight protein/fatty acid condensation products obtained by reaction of one mole of a protein hydrolysate of average molecular mass 3,000 to 7,000 with 0.5 to 3, preferably 2 to 2.5, moles of a C.sub.12 -C.sub.18 -fatty acid chloride in aqueous medium at a pH of 7 to 12. These protein/fatty acid condensation products are distinguished by eliciting no mucosal irritation whatever. They are therefore outstandingly suitable as surfactants for mild washing and cleansing agents.

Abstract: The invention herein is directed to methods using Procion dyes to perform separations of interest in manipulating the NAD.sup.+ -independent ribotoxins. The methods are useful for preparing therapeutic agents containing these ribotoxins or their A polypeptide components. This separation method has been applied in particular to preparing hybrid toxins containing ricin toxins, both for purifying the resulting products and also for separating the components intended to be used in the preparation of these end products. In addition, a novel ricin isotoxin prepared using the method of the invention is disclosed.

Abstract: The invention herein is directed to methods using Procion dyes to perform separations of interest in manipulating the NAD.sup.+ -independent ribotoxins. The methods are useful for preparing therapeutic agents contaning these ribotoxins of their A polypeptide components. This separation method has been applied in particular to preparing hybrid toxins containing ricin toxins, both of purifying the resulting products and also for separating the components intended to be used in the preparation of these end products. In addition, a novel ricin isotoxin prepared using the method of the invention is disclosed.

Abstract: Glycoprotein (GPIR) the ribosome-inhibiting activity of the native GPIR and having a prolongedaction in vivo which is obtained by oxidation of its osidic units by the action of periodate ions, and simultaneous blocking of the oxidation product by formation of a Schiff's base with a suitable primary amine. Said modified glycoprotein may be coupled to an antibody or a fragment thereof in order to form an immunotoxin.

Abstract: Glycoprotein (GPIR) having the ribosome-inhibiting activity of the native GPIR and having a prolonged-action in vivo which is obtained by oxidation of its osidic units by the action of periodate ions, and simultaneous reduction with cyanoborohydride ions. Said modified glycoprotein may be coupled to an antibody or a fragment thereof in order to form an immunotoxin having a prolonged-action in vivo.

Abstract: A bidifobacteria growth promoter contained in soybeans is extracted from defatted soybeans with an aqueous solution of alcohol.

Abstract: A process of treating meal containing vegetable proteins is disclosed. This process includes the step of extracting the metal with a suitable aqueous solvent in which the vegetable proteins are soluble to obtain an extraction solution. The solubility of the dissolved protein in the extraction solution is then adjusted to precipitate at least some of the protein and therefore obtain a precipitated protein fraction and an unprecipitated protein fraction in solution. The precipitated protein fraction is then separated from the protein fraction in solution, and the unprecipitated protein fraction is separated from the undesirable components in the solution by membrane processing. Each of the protein fractions is then suitably dried to recover the proteins.

Abstract: Partially deamidated oilseed proteins having improved functionality for food use are prepared by partial hydrolysis of oilseed proteins with long chain alkylsulfate, alkanesulfonate, or arylsulfonate catalysts under conditions which minimize hydrolysis of the peptide bonds.

Abstract: A method for fraction fractionation of a vegetable protein such as soybean protein which comprises subjecting a source of the vegetable protein in an aqueous system to reduction conditions such as treatment with a sulfite compound, a glutathione compound or cysteine compound, or electrolytic reduction at pH within a neutral or alkaline range and then bringing the system to pH of 5.5 to 7.0 at a temperature of 20.degree. C. or lower to fractionate the system into a soluble or dispersing fraction and an insoluble or precipitate fraction.

Abstract: A process for preparing products from legumes which comprises preparing an aqueous suspension containing finely ground seed from peas or beans, at a pH within the range of about 2.0 to 10.0, subjecting the suspension to one or more centrifugation operations and isolating therefrom at least one product containing essentially the protein content of the seed and another product containing essentially the starch content of the seed. A good quality fibrous by-product may also be isolated. The products are useful in the food industry.

Abstract: A modified vegetable protein adhesive binder and a process for producing the same is disclosed wherein an alkaline protein dispersion is treated with organosilane reagent in an amount sufficient to modify the protein material. The modified vegetable protein adhesive binder provides greater pigment structuring when employed in paper coating compositions containing pigment and other materials such as latex. The modified binder also results in coatings with an improved degree of wet rub resistance.

Abstract: Oligopeptide derivates corresponding to the general formulaMOOC--CHR.sup.1 --CHR.sup.2 --COHN--R.sup.3 (I)in which one of the groups R.sup.1 or R.sup.2 represents hydrogen or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group while the other is a C.sub.6 -C.sub.22 alkyl or alkenyl group; R.sup.3 represents the residue of an oligopeptide which optionally contains other MOOC--CHR.sup.1 --CHR.sup.2 --CO-- groups attached to the nitrogen atom of basic amino acid side groups, and M represents hydrogen or an alkali, alkaline-earth, ammonium, mono-, di- or tri-alkanolammonium ion, are produced by partial hydrolysis of an animal or vegetable protein to a hydrolyzate having an average molecular weight of from 200 to 20,000 and reaction of the hydrolyzate with a substituted succinic acid anhydride corresponding to the following general formula ##STR1## in the presence of a base at a pH value above 8. These oligopeptide derivatives are suitable for use as surfactants which are gentle to the skin.

Abstract: Substantially pure, intracellularly produced, soluble recombinant ricin toxin A (RTA) is recovered from transformed cells by disrupting the cell membrane, removing insoluble cell membrane materials from the disruptate, adjusting the pH of the cell membrane material-free solution to 6 to 6.5 and the conductivity to 1.25 to 1.75 millisiemens, passing the adjusted solution through a bed of SP-cellulose cation exchanger, and eluting the substantially pure RTA from the bed.