Abstract: The present invention describes a combined vaccine that offers broad protection against meningococcal disease caused by the pathogenic bacteria Neisseria meningitidis. The vaccine is comprised of four distinct polysaccharide-protein conjugates that are formulated as a single dose of vaccine. Purified capsular polysaccharides from Neisseria meningitidis serogroups A, C, W-135, and Y are chemically activated and selectively attached to a carrier protein by means of a covalent chemical bond, forming polysaccharide-protein conjugates capable of eliciting long-lasting immunity to a variety of N. meningitidis strains in children as well as adults.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for reducing fibrosis and cirrhosis are provided in which an effective dose of an admixture of a polysaccharide compound and, for example, a compound selected from the group consisting of antibodies specific to intracellular or cell-surface: (i) beta-PDGF receptors; (ii) synaptophysin; (iii) zvegf3; (iv) CCR1 receptors; (v) connective tissue growth factor; (vi) alpha 1-smooth muscle actin; (vii) matrix metalloproteinases MMP 2 and MMP9; (viii) matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors TIMP1 and TMP2; (ix) integrins; (x) TFG-?1; (xi) endothelin receptor antagonists; and (xii) collagen synthesis and degradation modulating compounds; (xiii) actin synthesis and degradation modulating compounds; and (xiv) tyrosine kinases is administered to an animal in order to treat fibrosis.

Abstract: A low-glycemic available carbohydrate composition of the invention contains the following components: (i) 5-60 wt. % of one or more monosaccharides selected from monosaccharides other than glucose and fructose, in particular galactose, ribose and mannose; (ii) 15-95 wt. % of oligosaccharides having a length of 2 to 20 anhydromonose units, at least half of which are anhydroglucose units linked by non-?-1,4 bonds; these oligosaccharides preferably comprising disaccharides such as palatinose, isomaltose and trehalose and/or non-?-1,4 linked higher glucose-containing oligosaccharides; (iii) 0-45 wt. % of other available carbohydrates, such as glucose and maltodextrins. This carbohydrate composition can be part of a food composition for the treatment of diabetes, obesitas, insulin resistance, or for postprandial glucose response.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of an additive to stabilise hyaluronic acid formulated in an aqueous composition against the degrading effect of heat or of enzymes such as hyaluronidase, characterised in that said additive comprises one or more polysaccharides having a molecular weight equal to or greater than 20,000 daltons and solubility in water at least equal to or greater than 1 g/l, the total concentration of said polysaccharide(s) and hyaluronic acid in the composition giving it a viscosity of at least 500 cP, which is particularly suitable for intra-articular, intradermal or intraocular administration to humans or animals.

Abstract: A method for preparing a specific product from a polysaccharide in which at least one hydroxyl of a saccharide unit is substituted with an ether or ester moiety. The ether or ester moiety is provided with ethenyl and/or epoxy functionality for preparing an activatable polysaccharide polymer and the activatable polysaccharide polymer with ethenyl and/or epoxy functionality is optionally reacted with an additional coupling reagent, having at least two coupling functionality for preparing polysaccharide polymer with additional activatable crosslinker.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel family of alkylated halogenated di- and trisaccharides which exhibit pharmaceutical efficacy in the areas of permeation enhancers, anti-microbial effects, anti-fugal effects, facilitation of diagnostic procedures. The invention further includes methods of treatment and diagnostic kits.

Abstract: Aspects of the invention provide methods for treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and associated liver fibrosis. In particular, aspects of the invention relate to the use of a therapeutic formulation comprising a galacto-rhamnogalacturonate compound for the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and associated liver fibrosis.

Abstract: The present application describes a dilute two-loop method for treating biomass in the production of biofuels such as ethanol. The method involves washing the biomass to dissolve sugars that are associated with the biomass, and separating the washed biomass into a solids phase and a liquids phase. The solids phase is pretreated to render the biomass more susceptible to hydrolysis under conditions that do not produce substantial amounts of sugars. The pretreated biomass is separated into a second solids phase and second liquid phase, and the second solids phase is saccharified and fermented. The first and second liquid phases are recycled to dilute the biomass at various stages of the process.

Abstract: Described are oligosaccharides having a protecting group at two, a plurality, a majority of, or each position in the oligosaccharide which is amenable to derivatization. Collections, libraries and methods of making and using such oligosaccharides are also described.

Abstract: Fructosylated puerarin being converted from puerarin by a bioconversion method conducted in an aqueous phase or nonaqueous phase system, including monofructosyl-(2,6)-puerarin, bifructosyl-(2,6)-puerarin, trifructosyl-(2,6)-puerarin, tetrafructosyl-(2,6)-puerarin and pentafructosyl-(2,6)-puerarin. Tests have shown that the oligosaccharylated puerarin is effective to treat acute myocardial ischemia, and can markedly suppress in vitro the proliferation of human breast cancer cell strain MDA-MB-23 and human chronmyelogenors leukemia cell strain K562, and it has a low toxicity.

Abstract: Provided are polymer particles which can be used at a high flow rate when used as a filler for chromatography, that is, has excellent resistance flow rate appropriate for processing in large quantities, and also has a high binding capacity for target molecules such as proteins when an appropriate ligand is contained in the particles, and a method for producing the polymer particles; specifically, crosslinked polymer particles and a method for producing the crosslinked polymer particles, polysaccharide composite particles and a method for producing the polysaccharide composite particles, a filler for chromatography using the polymer particles, and an adsorbent for antibody purification. Disclosed are: A.

Abstract: The invention provides formulations comprising isolated Disialyllacto-N-tetraose (DSLNT) or variants, isomers, analogs and derivatives thereof.

Abstract: Thermoplastic heteropolysaccharide derivatives, articles employing such thermoplastic heteropolysaccharide derivatives and methods for making such thermoplastic heteropolysaccharide derivatives are provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel family of alkylated halogenated di- and trisaccharides which exhibit pharmaceutical efficacy in the areas of permeation enhancers, anti-microbial effects, anti-fugal effects, facilitation of diagnostic procedures. The invention further includes methods of treatment and diagnostic kits.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, a method of providing a biopolymer comprises: cryodesiccating a broth, wherein the broth comprises: (A) a biopolymer, wherein the biopolymer is an exopolysaccharide; and (B) a liquid growth medium. According to certain embodiments, the biopolymer is produced by the fermentation of at least one carbohydrate via a microbe. According to an embodiment, the microbe is a bacterium. According to another embodiment, the microbe is a fungus.

Abstract: Aspects of the invention provides provide methods for treatment of NASH and associated liver fibrosis. In particular, aspects of the invention relate to the therapeutic formulation comprising a galactomannan polysaccharide compound for the treatment of NASH and associated liver fibrosis.

Abstract: A method for isolating arabinogalactan and arabinogalactan with flavonoid dihydroquercetin (taxifolin) from wood, including butt logs and bark. The method includes extracting an extract from a combination of a polar solvent with wood particles and recovering the extract. The wood particles include at least one of i) a particle-reduced chip fraction obtained by subdividing the butt logs into chips, and ii) a dry cork fraction of the bark or a powdered bark obtained as a residue in finishing of mechanical wood products. The wood is a coniferous hardwood or a coniferous wood selected from the group consisting of a wood of a Larix genus, a spruce wood of a genus Picea, a fir wood of a genus Abies, a pine wood of a genus Pinus, or a wood of a Pseudotsuga genus.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a modified polyuronic acid represented by the following general formula (1) or a salt thereof which is excellent in surface activity: wherein R1 is a hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms or the like; X is an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom or a —NH— group, with the proviso that a ratio value of [m/(m+n)] is from 0.3 to 1.0, and a plurality of the R1 groups being present in a molecule of the modified polyuronic acid or the salt thereof may be the same or different from each other but all of the R1 groups are not hydrogen atoms at the same time.

Abstract: Compounds and methods are provided for modulating in vitro and in vivo processes mediated by selectin binding. More specifically, selectin modulators and their use are described, wherein the selectin modulators that modulate (e.g., inhibit or enhance) a selectin-mediated function comprise a class of compounds termed BASAs (Benzyl Amino Sulfonic Acids, which include a portion or analogue thereof) linked to a carbohydrate or glycomimetic.

Abstract: Fructosylated puerarin being converted from puerarin by a bioconversion method conducted in an aqueous phase or nonaqueous phase system, including monofructosyl-(2,6)-puerarin, bifructosyl-(2,6)-puerarin, trifructosyl-(2,6)-puerarin, tetrafructosyl-(2,6)-puerarin and pentafructosyl-(2,6)-puerarin. Tests have shown that the oligosaccharylated puerarin is effective to treat acute myocardial ischemia, and can markedly suppress in vitro the proliferation of human breast cancer cell strain MDA-MB-23 and human chronmyelogenors leukemia cell strain K562, and it has a low toxicity.

Abstract: Aspects of the invention provide methods for treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and associated liver fibrosis. In particular, aspects of the invention relate to the use of a therapeutic formulation comprising a galacto-rhamnogalacturonate compound for the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and associated liver fibrosis.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel polymorphs of the trisaccharide 2?-O-fucosyllactose (2-FL) of formula (1), methods for producing said polymorphs and their use in pharmaceutical or nutritional compositions.

Abstract: The invention concerns ophthalmic solutions indicated for use as tear substitutes, containing a combination of hyaluronic acid and a polysaccharide known as TSP (Tamarindus indica Seed Polisaccharide) which are able, when administered together in a combination, to act synergistically in stimulating the return to normality of the conjunctival mucosa affected by dry eye syndrome, thus inducing a remarkable improvement in the number and morphology of the conjunctival microvilli. The ophthalmic preparations, proposed for use in the treatment of dry eye syndrome contain, in combination, from 0.05 to 2% by weight of tamarind seed polysaccharide (TSP) and from 0.05 to 1% by weight of hyaluronic acid in aqueous solution.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a shampoo composition comprising a minced polygalactomannan hydrocolloid(s) in combination with a water soluble silicone compound.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved synthesis of a trisaccharide of the formula (1), novel intermediates used in the synthesis and the preparation of the intermediates.

Abstract: A photocrosslinked polysaccharide pseudo-sponge exhibiting a low swelling property and a high degradation ability in vivo while retaining a suitable strength. The polysaccharide pseudo-sponge is produced by a crosslinking reaction of a photoreactive polysaccharide obtained by introducing a photoreactive group into a polysaccharide, and exhibits a low swelling property and a blue dextran-low dyeaffinity.

Abstract: A hydrophobic cationic steroidal anti-microbial (ceragenin) compound forms an amphiphilic compound having a hydrophobic sterol face and a hydrophilic cationic face. The hydrophobic CSA also includes a hydrophobic substituent that gives the ceragenin compound a CLogP value of at least 6.5.

Abstract: A tooth glossing and/or finishing composition including one or both of a wax and an acidic neutralizer with an optional additive of a vegetable gelling agent.

Abstract: Concentrated sugar solutions obtained from polysaccharide enriched biomass by contacting biomass with water and at least one nucleophilic base to produce a polysaccharide enriched biomass comprising a solid fraction and a liquid fraction and then contacting enriched biomass with a dilute mineral acid selected from the group consisting of sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, or a combination thereof, to produce an intermediate saccharification product, which is contacted with an enzyme consortium to produce a final saccharification product comprising fermentable sugars.

Abstract: According to the present invention, an anti-allergic agent is provided which includes a polysaccharide comprising galactose, glucose and rhamnose as constituents, or includes a microorganism belonging to a genus Bifidobacterium and extracellularly producing the polysaccharide. The anti-allergic agent of the present invention can be used in oral compositions and compositions for external application, and is suitable for use in products such as food products, pharmaceutical products, and cosmetics.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel synthetic polysaccharides with antithrombotic activity exhibiting at least one covalent bond with biotin or a biotin derivative and to a process employing avidin or streptavidin which makes it possible to neutralize these polysaccharides.

Abstract: The present invention provides a shark-like chondroitin sulphate and a process for the preparation thereof. In particular, the present invention relates to a shark-like chondroitin sulphate, having a very low amount of 4-sulphate, a high charge density and a biological activity comparable to natural chondroitin sulphates. The invention also relates to a process for the preparation of said shark-like chondroitin sulphate affording substantially higher productivities and better reproducibility of product quality. The shark-like chondroitin sulphate of the invention shows a high molecular mass and its in vitro biological and anti-inflammatory effectiveness has been shown to be comparable to that of natural products making this polysaccharide potentially useful as a drug in pharmaceutical preparations and nutraceuticals.

Abstract: The invention provides compositions and methods for utilizing synthetic human milk oligosaccharides as prebiotics.

Abstract: Hyaluronic acid (HA) conjugates or crosslinked HAs compositions for coating an implantable device are provided. The implantable device can be used for treating a disorder such as atherosclerosis, thrombosis, restenosis, high cholesterol, hemorrhage, vascular dissection or perforation, vascular aneurysm, vulnerable plaque, chronic total occlusion, claudication, anastomotic proliferation for vein and artificial grafts, bile duct obstruction, ureter obstruction, tumor obstruction, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: The present invention describes novel compounds and methods for capping reactive groups on support and during multistep synthesis. These new capping reagents are also useful for high quality synthesis on solid supports and surfaces used as microarrays, biosensors, or in general as biochips. The compounds are also useful for controlling surface density of reactive groups on a support. The compounds may also be used to modify the hydrophilic/hydrophobic characteristics of a surface or a molecule. The compounds have functional utility in various applications in the fields of genomics, proteomics, diagnostics and medicine.

Abstract: The production of a diutan polysaccharide exhibiting increased viscosity properties as compared with previously produced polysaccharide of the same type of repeating units. Such an improved diutan polysaccharide is produced through the generation of a derivative of Sphingomonas sp. ATCC 53159 that harbors a multicopy broad-host-range plasmid into which genes for biosynthesis of diutan polysaccharide have been cloned. The plasmid provides the capability within the host Sphingomonas strain to produce multiple copies of genes for such polysaccharide synthesis. In such a manner, a method of not just increased production of the target diutan polysaccharide, but also production of a diutan polysaccharide of improved physical properties (of the aforementioned higher viscosity) thereof is provided. Such a diutan polysaccharide has proven particularly useful as a possible viscosifier in oilfield applications and within cement materials.

Abstract: Compositions and methods are provided related to Pseudomonas bacteria. The compositions and methods may be used for diagnosis and therapy of medical conditions involving infection with Pseudomonas bacteria. Such infections include Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the lungs of patients with cystic fibrosis. A compound useful in the present methods may be used in combination with a therapeutic agent or may be linked to a therapeutic agent. Pseudomonas bacteria may be inhibited by blocking colonization, inhibiting virulence factors, arresting growth or killing the bacteria.

Abstract: A hepatocellular carcinoma marker comprising a sugar chain represented by any one of the (1) to (7) shown below is used for a method for diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma, especially for differential diagnosis between liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.

Abstract: GPC (gel permeation chromatography) and size exclusion chromatography with detection by multi-angle light-scattering photometry (SEC-MALS) can be used to accurately measure molecular size and molar mass, respectively, of saccharide conjugates. The invention provides (a) a process for measuring the molecular size of a conjugated saccharide antigen within a sample, comprising a step of analysing the sample by GPC, and (b) a process for measuring the molar mass of a conjugated saccharide antigen within a sample, comprising a step of analysing the sample by SEC-MALS.

Abstract: The invention provides compositions and methods for engineering bacteria to produce fucosylated oligosaccharides, and the use thereof in the prevention or treatment of infection.

Abstract: Provided herein are microalgal polysaccharide compositions and. Also provided are methods of using polysaccharides for applications such as topical personal care products, cosmetics, and wrinkle reduction compositions. The invention also provides novel microalgal compositions useful for improving the health and appearance of skin. The invention also includes insoluble polysaccharide particles for application to human skin.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for reducing fibrosis are provided, wherein an admixture of at least a galactose-pronged polymer and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier is obtained and administered, wherein the administration of a sufficient amount of the admixture is measured by a quantitative change in a fibrosis tissue marker.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention function to modify the cation concentration of carrageenans using an ion-exchange process. Processes for modifying the cation concentrations of solid carrageenans are provided. The processes include treating solid carrageenan with an aqueous treatment solution comprising an alcohol and a salt and washing the corresponding treated solid carrageenan with an aqueous solution comprising an alcohol.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition is provided that is useful for reducing sodium in the bloodstream of animals. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises a high-ion-affinity part and a substrate part. Additionally, methods of using the pharmaceutical composition and methods of treating diseases with the pharmaceutical composition are disclosed.

Abstract: Helicobacter pylori, one of the most common human pathogens, is associated with the development of human chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers and gastric cancer. The invention relates to a ?1,6-glucan-containing Helicobacter pylori compound comprising the structure of Formula (I): wherein R is a ?-DDHep-3-?-L-Fuc-3-?-GlcNAc trisaccharide substituted with an ?1,6-glucan linked to an ?1,3-DD-heptan, and wherein the last DD-Hep residue of ?1,3-DD-heptan is capped with ?-GlcNAc residue. Compositions comprising the compound, uses of the compound, and antibodies raised against the compound are also described.

Abstract: Novel aldehyde-functionalized polysaccharide compositions containing pendant dialdehyde groups are described that are more stable in aqueous solution than oxidized polysaccharides. The aldehyde-functionalized polysaccharides may be reacted with various amine-containing polymers to form hydrogel tissue adhesives and sealants that may be useful for medical applications such as wound closure, supplementing or replacing sutures or staples in internal surgical procedures such as intestinal anastomosis and vascular anastomosis, tissue repair, preventing leakage of fluids such as blood, bile, gastrointestinal fluid and cerebrospinal fluid, ophthalmic procedures, drug delivery, and preventing post-surgical adhesions.

Abstract: A prophylactic antiallergenic composition includes at least one arabinogalactan or arabinogalactan protein. The arabinogalactan or arabinogalactan protein is isolated from a grass or corresponds in its structural arrangement to an arabinogalactan that can be isolated from a grass.

Abstract: New and distinct varieties of higher Basidiomycetes mushrooms selected from Coprinus comatus HAI-1237 and Tremella mesenterica HAI-17 deposited under The Budapest Treaty with the Centralbureau voor Schimmelcultures (CBS) under Accession Nos. CBS 123401 and.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of producing a polysaccharide-polypeptide conjugate by reacting a polysaccharide with a polypeptide which contains at least one free amino group, wherein a polysaccharide carrier comprising vicinal hydroxyl groups is oxidized under ring opening to create vicinal aldehyde groups and is reacted with one or more base-instable antigenic polypeptide(s) containing at least one free amino group, the polypeptide(s) being bound directly to the polysaccharide carrier via at least one azomethine bond.

Abstract: The present invention provides a means to concentrate, dry and formulate biomaterials such as polysaccharides, gums and related biopolymers, and microorganisms such as cells, spores, and the like from dilute solutions using spent germ and other oil bearing residues. In addition, the spent germ can serve as a carrier for such biomaterials. The sorbed materials are useful in animal feeds.