Abstract: It has been found that a limulus-positive glycolipid is present in xanthan gum derived from Xanthomonas, which has been commercially available and eaten for many years, and this was purified, and it has been found that this limulus-positive glycolipid has an immunopotentiation effect. A method for safely and inexpensively producing the limulus-positive glycolipid containing an immunopotentiator at high concentrations is provided. The method for producing the limulus-positive glycolipid of the present invention comprises extracting the limulus-positive glycolipid from xanthan gum. A limulus-positive glycolipid composition containing the limulus-positive glycolipid can be used for various applications such as pharmaceuticals, pharmaceuticals for animals, quasi drugs, cosmetics, foods, functional foods, feedstuff and bath agents.

Abstract: Processes for producing dairy products having lower levels of neutral lipids, and/or higher levels of polar lipids, by extraction using near critical carbon dioxide or dimethyl ether. These products may be used as ingredients in infant formulas. Infant formulas containing beta-serum are also claimed. “Beta-serum” means an aqueous dairy ingredient separated from dairy streams containing greater than 60% fat which have been through phase inversion from an oil-in-water to a water-in-oil emulsion, such as the serum produced during the production of butter oil.

Abstract: Disclosed is L-glucose monohydrate and compositions thereof. Also disclosed are methods for making L-glucose monohydrate and compositions thereof. Further disclosed are methods for colonic cleansing using L-sugars, such as L-glucose monohydrate, and compositions and kits useful for colonic cleansing.

Abstract: This invention relates to thermally inhibited polysaccharides and improved processes of preparing them, wherein the improvement is dehydrating the polysaccharides under increased pressure and/or increased effective oxygen concentrations to produce compositions of improved organoleptic properties, including color, flavor and odor.

Abstract: A method for converting a carbohydrate to a furan in a polar aprotic solvent in the presence of a chloride, bromide, or iodide salt or a mixture thereof and optionally in the presence of an acid catalyst, a metal halide catalyst and/or an ionic liquid (up to 40 wt %). The method can be employed in particular to produce furfural or 5-hydroxymethylfurfural.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel ?-cyclodextrin polysulfate compounds comprising from one to three 2-carboxyethyl substituents, and at least two sulfates groups per glucopyranose unit, which are useful as active ingredients for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of degenerative joint diseases, osteoarthritis, articular rheumatism, arthrosis or degenerative arthritis, or for the treatment of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, or for cartilage repair or connective tissue repair.

Abstract: Provided is a catalyst material comprising aggregates of nanoneedles of mainly R-type manganese dioxide and having a mesoporous structure. With this, water can be oxidatively decomposed under visible light at room temperature to produce oxygen gas, proton and electron. Also provided is a catalyst material comprising aggregates of nanoparticles of mainly hydrogenated manganese dioxide. With this, acetic acid or an inorganic substance can be synthesized from carbon dioxide gas.

Abstract: A saccharide siloxane copolymer is useful as an emulsifier. Emulsions prepared with the saccharide siloxane copolymer are useful in personal care products.

Abstract: An emulsion contains a saccharide siloxane copolymer as an emulsifier. The emulsion is useful in formulating personal care products.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a method for commercially manufacturing acrolein in a large flow rate by making supercritical water and an acid interact with glycerin, wherein by efficiently mixing high-concentration glycerin and supercritical water with each other, the method is made capable of making the synthesis stably proceed with a high yield while the occlusion and abrasion of the pipes and devices due to the generation of by-products are being suppressed.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for pre-treating a cellulosic feedstock are disclosed. Embodiments of the method comprise conveying the cellulosic feedstock through an enclosed volume, adding moisture to the cellulosic feedstock simultaneously at multiple spaced-apart moisture injection points as the cellulosic feedstock travels through the volume, and heating the cellulosic feedstock as it travels through the volume to obtain a heated moistened feedstock. Embodiments of the apparatus comprise a shell defining a treatment chamber having a lower inner surface. The treatment chamber has an inlet and an outlet spaced longitudinally apart from the inlet to define an axial length. A conveyance member is housed within the shell and is configured to sweep the lower inner surface. A plurality of injection ports are provided in at least one of the shell and the conveyance member.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are soft tissue fillers, for example, dermal and subdermal fillers, based on hyaluronic acids and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. In one aspect, hyaluronic acid-based compositions described herein include a therapeutically effective amount of at least one anesthetic agent, for example, lidocaine. The present hyaluronic acid-based compositions including lidocaine have an enhanced stability, relative to conventional compositions including lidocaine, for example when subjected to sterilization techniques or when stored for long periods of time. Methods and processes of preparing such hyaluronic acid-based compositions are also provided.

Abstract: A method for preparing polyanhydroglucuronic acid and/or salts thereof is described. A polyanhydroglucuronic acid-containing material obtained by oxidation is subjected to partial or complete hydrolysis to form a homogeneous system, subsequent ion exchange in the homogeneous system; and supplemental oxidation in the presence of any one or more of organic and inorganic peroxides.

Abstract: The invention relates to soluble, highly branched glucose polymers which are obtained by enzymatic treatment of starch, having a reducing sugars content of less than 3.5%, exhibiting a proportion of ?-1,6-glucosidic linkages of between 20% and 30%, a Mw, determined by light scattering, of between 20·103 and 30·103 daltons, and an osmolality of less than 25 mOsm/kg. The invention likewise relates to a method of obtaining these polymers and to their use in the pharmaceutical and food industries, more particularly in the field of enteral and parenteral nutrition, and in the field of peritoneal dialysis.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a 3,6-O-bridged pyranose-inverted compound useful for being easy to produce ?-O-pyranosides selectively. The 3,6-O-bridged pyranose-inverted compound according to the present invention is represented by General Formula (1): wherein RA and RB each represent hydrogen or are bonded to each other to form a benzene ring; one of RC and RD represents hydrogen and the other represents —OR2; R1 represents hydroxy or halogen; and R2 and R3 each represent a hydroxy-protecting group.

Abstract: Use of a high shear mechanical device in a process for production of starch hydrolysate by reacting starch with a hydrolytic agent makes possible a decrease in mass transfer limitations, thereby enhancing production of starch hydrolysate. A system for production of starch hydrolysate is also provided in which a reactor is configured to receive the output from a high shear device, which is configured to receive a starch and lysing reagent. The high shear device is configured to generate a fine dispersion or emulsion of lysing.

Abstract: There are disclosed cationic crosslinked waxy starch products having a Brookfield viscosity of about 700 cps to about 2500 cps and a method for preparing the starch products. Also disclosed is the use of the cationic crosslinked waxy starch products having a Brookfield viscosity of about 700 cps to about 2500 cps in the production of paper products.

Abstract: Herein disclosed is an apparatus having a first porous rotor positioned about an axis of rotation, wherein the first porous rotor comprises a first catalyst; an outer casing, wherein the outer casing and the first porous rotor are separated by an annular space; and a motor configured for rotating the first porous rotor about the axis of rotation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for efficiently producing methyl cellulose in an industrially convenient manner. The production process of the present invention includes the step of reacting cellulose with methanol in a subcritical state.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing a decrystallized cellulose having a reduced cellulose I-type crystallinity from a cellulose-containing raw material in an efficient manner with an excellent productivity. In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a process for producing a decrystallized cellulose from a raw material comprising at least 20% by weight, based on the weight of the raw material excluding water contained therein, of a cellulose having a cellulose I-type crystallinity of more than 33% as calculated from the following formula: Cellulose I-type Crystallinity (%)=[(I22.6?I18.5)/I22.6]×100 wherein I22.6 is a diffraction intensity of a lattice plane (002 plane) as measured at a diffraction angle 2? of 22.6° in X-ray diffraction analysis; and I18.5 is a diffraction intensity of an amorphous moiety as measured at a diffraction angle 2? of 18.

Abstract: A 7,2?-dehydrate puerarin represented by formula (I) and salt derivatives thereof. The compounds are prepared from puerarin by intramolecular mitsunobu reaction. They are capable of shortening arrhythmia duration and prolonging coagulation time. They can be prepared into oral formulations or injections for treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases including arrhythmia, coronary heart disease, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, and cerebral infarction.

Abstract: Low molecular weight modified pectin, particularly modified citrus pectin (MCP), and/or low molecular weight modified alginate is useful in a composition for stimulating the immune response of a mammal, particularly a human. Modified pectin and/or modified alginate is administered in a composition in an amount sufficient to modulate, support, enhance or extend an immune response, particularly to an individual having an inadequate or reduced immune function. Stimulation of an immune response is evidenced by stimulation of cell-mediated immune function, humoral immune function, phagocytic function of mononuclear macrophages, and NK cell activity. The composition also may comprise well known pharmacologically acceptable agents, such as sulfured amino acids, cilantro, garlic, minerals, and herbs.

Abstract: A method of utilizing the physiological activity of a rare saccharide, wherein physiological-activity sensitive cells are treated with the rare saccharide to modify the function of the cells. A composition containing, as an active ingredient, a rare saccharide which is introduced into physiological-activity sensitive cells and has an effect of modifying the function of the cells. The cells are human cells. The composition is a functional food, a drug, or a cosmetic. The rare saccharide is a rare saccharide belonging to aldose and/or ketose. The aldose is D-allose, and the cells are selected from the group consisting of cancer-cell proliferation inhibitory activity sensitive cells and active-oxygen production inhibitory activity sensitive cells. The ketose is D-psicose, and the cells are selected from the group consisting of chemokine secretion inhibitory activity sensitive cells, microglia migration inhibitory activity sensitive cells, and hypoglycemic activity sensitive cells.

Abstract: This invention covers a novel method for the preparation of hydroxy polymer esters of amino, alkylamino and quaternary ammonium acids and their use in several fields of industry, including the use as additives in the manufacture of paper or paperboard. The esterification of the hydroxy polymer, preferably starch, is performed under semianhydrous conditions by heating homogenized mixtures of the hydroxy polymer and reagents.

Abstract: The present invention encompasses classical cannabinoid metabolites and uses thereof.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a industrially appropriate method for producing the ?-anomers of ribofuranose derivatives in a highly selective manner at a high yield. The present invention provides a method for producing ribofuranose derivatives wherein ?-anomers is precipitated from among the generated furanose derivatives by controlling the amount of a reaction reagent used and/or using a poor solvent in the acetolysis reactions of 2,3,5-tri-O-acyl-1-O-alkyl-ribofuranose and 2,3-di-O-acyl-1-O-alkyl-5-deoxy-ribofuranose.

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions (i.e., preservation solutions) for preserving biologies comprising at least one membrane penetrable sugar, at least one membrane impenetrable sugar, at least one anti-microbial agent, at least one anti-oxidant, adenosine, albumin, a salt, a buffer, and a chelating agent, and to methods of using such preservation solutions to preserve biologies.

Abstract: A photocrosslinked polysaccharide pseudo-sponge exhibiting a low swelling property and a high degradation ability in vivo while retaining a suitable strength. The polysaccharide pseudo-sponge is produced by a crosslinking reaction of a photoreactive polysaccharide obtained by introducing a photoreactive group into a polysaccharide, and exhibits a low swelling property and a blue dextran-low dyeaffinity.

Abstract: Methods of processing paper feedstocks are provided, as well as intermediates and products made using such methods. Certain types of paper feedstocks, in particular highly pigmented papers, and/or highly loaded papers such as paper that has been color printed, e.g., magazines, and high basis weight coated papers, e.g., magazine stock, are utilized to produce useful intermediates and products, such as energy, fuels, foods or materials.

Abstract: A cellulose derivative which has a suitable elastic modulus and viscosity when it is dissolved in water and is useful as an adhesion barrier. The cellulose derivative has a molecular weight of 5×103 to 5×106 and is composed of a repeating unit represented by the following formula (1): wherein R1, R2 and R3 are each independently selected from the group consisting of the following formulas (a), (b), (c) and (d) in predetermined amount: (X in the formula (c) is an alkali metal, and R4 and R5 in the formula (d) are each independently an alkyl group or alkenyl group having 10 to 28 carbon atoms).

Abstract: Concentrated sugar solutions obtained from polysaccharide enriched biomass by contacting biomass with water and at least one nucleophilic base to produce a polysaccharide enriched biomass comprising a solid fraction and a liquid fraction and then contacting enriched biomass with a dilute mineral acid selected from the group consisting of sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, or a combination thereof, to produce an intermediate saccharification product, which is contacted with an enzyme consortium to produce a final saccharification product comprising fermentable sugars.

Abstract: Hyperbranched, water-soluble polymers, obtainable by Michael polyaddition of ?-, ?-, or ?-cyclodextrins and amines to bisacrylamides.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for production of separation media using a so called Spinning Disc technology wherein the porosities of the beads are optimized in such a way that a desired biomolecule may be separated from a complex sample. The method comprises the following steps: a) feeding a 4-8% polysaccharide solution, which has a viscosity within 350-450 mPas, at 65-75° C. to one or more spinning discs at 3001-3010 rpm to form polysaccharide beads; b) capturing said formed polysaccharide beads in a capturing bath; wherein the porosity of the polysaccharide beads is controlled by varying the temperature of the capturing between 15 and 27° C., preferably between 17.5 and 24.6° C. The method yields porosities that prevent molecules larger than 150 000 g/mol to diffuse into the beads. The invention also relates to separation media produced by the method and use thereof for purification of biomolecules, in particular monoclonal antibodies.

Abstract: Provided are a sulfated C-glycoside which is a novel compound serving as a precursor of chafuroside and chafuroside analogs; a method for efficiently producing the sulfated C-glycoside; and a method for efficiently producing chafuroside and chafuroside analogs using said sulfated C-glycoside. A sulfated C-glycoside represented by general formula (A1) or (B1) [wherein R1, R2 and R3 independently represent each a hydrogen atom or an OH group] is obtained by extracting tea leaves or tea tannins with water, a lower alcohol solvent having 1 to 3 carbon atoms or a liquid mixture comprising the same. Alternatively, the sulfated C-glycoside is produced by reacting a flavone C-glycoside such as isovitexin or vitexin with a sulfate group-introducing agent to thereby sulfate the flavone C-glycoside. By heating the sulfated C-glycoside thus obtained, chafuroside and chafuroside analogs are efficiently produced.

Abstract: The invention concerns a device for synthesis of radiopharmaceutical products based on chemical reagents contained in bottles, said device comprising several reaction compartments, transfer means between said bottles and said reaction compartments as well as mechanical means acting on said transfer means and enabling to monitor and control mechanically the transfer of chemical reagents. The invention is characterized in that it comprises: a fixed module including at least the mechanical means; a removable and disposable module, essentially in the shape of a support, whereon are arranged the transfer means between said bottles and said reaction compartments, said removable and disposable module not including any mechanical means; and means for securing said removable and disposable module to said fixed module.

Abstract: Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful intermediates and products, such as energy, fuels, foods or materials. For example, systems are described that can use feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials, to produce an intermediate or product, e.g., by fermentation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor with a phenyl C-glucoside structure, its preparation method, a pharmaceutical composition containing the same, and its use in treating diabetes and preparing an anti-diabetes medicament. The invention provides a compound with the structure of general formula I and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and prodrug ester thereof, wherein, the definitions of R5 and R6 are selected from the following: (1) R5=R6=Me; (2) R5=Me, R6=OMe; (3) R5=Me, R6=H; (4) R5=Me, R6=F; (5) R5=F, R6=H; and (6) R5=OMe, R6=H.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are cohesive soft tissue fillers, for example, dermal and subdermal fillers, based on hyaluronic acids and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. In one aspect, hyaluronic acid-based compositions described herein include a therapeutically effective amount of at least one anesthetic agent, for example, lidocaine. The present hyaluronic acid-based compositions including lidocaine have an enhanced stability and cohesivity, relative to conventional compositions including lidocaine, for example when subjected to sterilization techniques or when stored for long periods of time. Methods and processes of preparing such hyaluronic acid-based compositions are also provided.

Abstract: A method of synthesising Aspalathin and its analogues or derivatives is disclosed. The method comprises synthesising a compound of formula 1 or its analogues or derivatives: wherein each of R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, R9 and R10 is independently selected from the group consisting of —H, —OH, hydrocarbyl groups, saccharide moieties and —OR15; R15 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, a hydrocarbyl group (e.g. methoxy or ethoxy), an acyl group and a benzyl group; and R11, R12, R13 and R14 are independently selected from the group consisting of —H, hydrocarbyl groups, saccharide moieties, an acyl group and a benzyl group.

Abstract: Methods of treating a plurality of particles comprise functionalizing a plurality of microscale diamond particles by covalently bonding one or more molecular groups selected from the group consisting of —OH functional groups, —COOH functional groups, —R—COOH functional groups, wherein R comprises alkyls, —Ph—COOH functional groups, wherein Ph comprises phenolics, polymers, oligomers, monomers, glycols, sugars, ionic functional groups, metallic functional groups, and organo-metallic functional groups to outer surfaces of at least some particles of the plurality of microscale diamond particles. A stability of the functionalized plurality of microscale diamond particles in dispersion is increased as compared to a plurality of microscale diamond particles that has not been functionalized.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for producing a ?-glycoside compound represented by formula (3), characterized in that the process includes causing to react a cyclic alkene compound represented by formula (1) or (2) with a nucleophile in the presence of a transition metal catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for an epimerization of a saccharide in a microdevice consisting of a network of micron-sized channels in presence of molybdenum containing catalyst. It further relates to the use of a microdevice consisting of a network of micron-sized channels for the epimerization reaction of saccharides and the oligomerisation of the thus obtained epimerized saccharide, preferably into manno-oligosaccharides.

Abstract: A method for converting a carbohydrate to a furan in a polar aprotic solvent in the presence of a chloride, bromide, or iodide salt or a mixture thereof and optionally in the presence of an acid catalyst, a metal halide catalyst and/or an ionic liquid (up to 40 wt %). The method can be employed in particular to produce furfural or 5-hydroxymethylfurfural.

Abstract: Disclosed is a novel process which has low facility load, requires a reduced amount of energy, is highly safe, and enables to produce a monosaccharide such as glucose and xylose by decomposing a cellulose-based substance under conditions where a substance used for decomposing the cellulose-based substance (e.g., a solvent, a catalyst) can be separated, collected and re-used readily. Also disclosed is a novel process for producing ethanol from the monosaccharide through ethanol fermentation. Specifically disclosed is a process for producing a monosaccharide, which comprises disaggregating/finely pulverizing a cellulose-based substance, mixing the resulting material with a phosphate solution to disperse the resulting material in the phosphate solution, and decomposing cellulose in the solution at a temperature of 100° C. or lower while irradiating with ultraviolet ray optionally in the presence of titanium dioxide.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel and highly stereoselective process for preparing gemcitabine, which is suitable for industrial production, wherein, it includes the following reactions. Additionally, the invention discloses the key intermediates. The definition for the groups of G1, G2, G3, G4, and G5 are described in the specification.

Abstract: Porous materials and methods for forming them are disclosed. One method for immobilizing micro-particles and/or nano-particles onto internal pore surfaces and/or external pore surfaces of porous materials includes suspending the micro-particles and/or nano-particles in a liquid adapted to swell, soften, and/or deform either the porous materials and/or the particles, thereby forming a liquid-particle suspension. The method further includes adding the suspension to the porous materials; and removing the liquid, thereby forming the porous materials having the micro-particles and/or nano-particles immobilized on the internal pore surfaces and/or the external pore surfaces.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel synthetic polysaccharides with antithrombotic activity exhibiting at least one covalent bond with biotin or a biotin derivative and to a process employing avidin or streptavidin which makes it possible to neutralize these polysaccharides.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and compositions for the synthesis, production, and use of pro-drug analogs. This invention relates to a method for the production of a broad group of glycosylated drugs, including but not limited to propofol, acetaminophen, and camptothecin carbohydrate derivatives.

Abstract: Methods for depolymerizing polysaccharides are disclosed. In certain exemplary methods, polysaccharides having a first average molecular weight can be reacted with hydroxyl free radicals to produce polysaccharides having a second average molecular weight lower than the first average molecular weight. The hydroxyl free radicals can be formed by interaction of an oxidant with a catalyst comprising a polydentate ligand complexed with a metal ion. In certain exemplary embodiments, the oxidant can be hydrogen peroxide, and the catalyst can be iron methylglycine diacetate or iron-2,3,4,5,6 pentahydroxyhexanoate.

Abstract: C-glycoside keto-amide derivatives, including C-glycoside keto-hydrazones and C-glycoside keto-oximes, may be prepared from plant or animal lipids and saccharides. These C-glycoside keto-amide derivatives are of the formula: wherein: R is a saccharide; Y is independently selected from H or a halogen; m is an integer greater than or equal to 1; X is NH (as in C-glycoside keto-hydrazones) or O (as in C-glycoside keto-oximes); and R2 is an acyl moiety derived from any lipid fatty acid of the formula —C(O)—R3, wherein R3 is a C5 to C22 straight or branched chain hydrocarbon which may be saturated or unsaturated. These C-glycoside keto-amide derivatives have potential applications as surfactants, detergents, liposomes, and bilayers.