Abstract: The Invention pertains to a process for the amidation of a material having at least one carboxyl-containing polysaccharide. The provided process involves a first step in which the carboxyl groups are reacted with an ammonium donor of the general formula >NH to form the corresponding polysaccharide carboxyl ammonium salt, and a second step in which the polysaccharide carboxyl ammonium salt is heated so as to convert the ammonium groups into the corresponding amido groups. The invention also pertains to fatty amide modified carboxyl-containing polysaccharides, and particularly to fatty amide modified carboxymethyl cellulose. The products in accordance with the invention can be widely employed, e.g. in the field of biodegradable plastics, as anti-redeposition agents for synthetic fibers, as polymeric emulsifiers, as pigment dispersing agents, in cosmetic applications, as thickeners, as oil drilling fluids, as superabsorbers, and in mineral processing.

Abstract: The present invention is to novel photochemically cleavable aryl sulfonamides of the formulaP--A.sub.3 --A.sub.2 --A.sub.1 --S(O).sub.2 NR.sub.1 R.sub.2whereinR.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently selected from optionally substituted alkyl, arylalkyl or heteroarylalkyl;A.sub.1 is an aryl or heteroaryl moiety;A.sub.2 is a linking agent is an aryl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl alkyl, or an alkyl, wherein the alkyl moiety in the arylalkyl, heteroaryl alkyl, or alkyl group is optionally interrupted one or more times independently by oxygen, NR.sub.3, sulfur or an amide group;R.sub.3 is alkyl;A.sub.3 is an electron rich aryl or heteroaryl moiety having an E.sub.1/2 potential of 0.5 to 2.0 and which moiety is capable of forming an exciplex;P is a solid support.Another aspect of the present invention is to the novel use of these photolytically cleavable aryl sulfonamides in combinatorial chemistry synthesis, for use in non-sequential encoding, as a tagging agent.

Abstract: Water-soluble quaternary ammonium cellulosic derivatives of controlled charge density are disclosed. These derivatives are useful in cosmetic preparations, such as hair and skin formulations, for example hair conditioners. These quaternized cellulosic derivatives are useful as thickeners, conditioners, film formers, fixatives, emulsifiers, or additives in hair or skin formulations to improve combing, manageability, body, curl retention, moisture resistance, and binding of ingredients to keratin. Compared to existing agents, these compounds have improved temperature stability, improved interactions with surfactants (such as in shampoos), improved binding to keratin, improved mechanical properties, and can mend split ends on hair. A major advantage of these compounds is that they may be applied to hair directly from an aqueous solution, and do not require a volatile organic compound solvent as carrier.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of polysaccharide-N-arylcarbamates in suitable form as supports for chromatography, which process comprises adding to polysaccharide carbamates, which may be substituted in the aryl moiety, an N-aryl-1-lower-alkylcarbamate-containing solution of an organic solvent, with vigorous stirring, until the polysaccharide derivative is completely dissolved and then adding thereto an aqueous solution containing a high molecular weight surfactant and, with continued stirring, removing the organic solvent from the emulsion so obtained and isolating the solid particles and washing and drying them. The polysaccharide derivatives so obtained can be used as support materials for the chromatographic separation of enantiomers.

Abstract: A method for the manufacture of cellulose carbamate, whereby cellulose pulp is preliminarily activated by alkaline, hydrothermal and/or enzymatic treatment, then the activated cellulose pulp is mixed with aqueous urea solution, the water in the solution replaced with an organic reaction carrier, and thereafter the cellulose is reacted with urea in the liquid phase to yield cellulose carbamate, which is separated from the liquid medium and washed. The method results in uniform substitution and distribution of carbamate groups and in cellulose chain, which leads to good solubility of the cellulose carbamate in aqueous alkali solution as well as excellent spinnability for producing fibers, films, and other products.

Abstract: There is provided a method for immobilizing a ligand by reacting a solvent-insoluble carrier having aldehyde group with a compound shown by the general formula: ##STR1## wherein X is --S-- or --O--, R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.6 are the same or different, each of which is hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R.sup.3 is hydrogen atom or a substituent wherein an atom adjacent to nitrogen atom shown in the above-mentioned general formula has no unsaturated bond, R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and R.sup.7 are arbitrary substituents; provided that only one partial chemical structure of HX--C--C--NHR.sup.3 wherein X and R.sup.3 are the same as defined above or HX--C--C--C--NHR.sup.3 wherein X and R.sup.3 are the same as defined above is contained in one compound described above by which, a ligand or a compound to which a ligand is bonded can react specifically and effectively with aldehyde group in a solvent-insoluble carrier at a prescribed position to form a stable bond.

Abstract: The invention comprises a process for producing cellulose carbamate with improved solubility properties comprising converting cellulose with urea in an inert, liquid, organic reaction carrier, at reaction temperature in the range of 80.degree. to 180.degree. C. where the reaction temperature is increased as the reaction time increases.

Abstract: The invention discloses a starch graft poly(meth)acrylate blast media which is effective in paint removal. The media is superior to a physical blend of the components (i.e., starch and acrylic polymers) and to either a starch polymer or an acrylic polymer used singly. The hardness of the media is between 65-90 Shore D.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cationic polysaccharide, preferably in fibrous form, having superabsorbent characteristics. The polysaccharides are substituted by quaternary ammonium groups, have a ds of at least 0.5, preferably 0.5 to 2.5 and are cross-linked to a sufficient extent that it remains insufficient in water. The polysaccharide is preferably cellulose. An increased number of functional groups in the product improves superabsorbent properties, whereas use of a cross-linking agent makes it possible to control the gel strength of the product and makes it easier to tailor the characteristics of the product to those which are required.

Abstract: Water-soluble polysaccharides which containa) substituents selected from the group consisting of alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, carboxyalkyl and sulfoalkyl,b) N,N-disubstituted aminoalkyl groups,are prepared by alkylation of a polysaccharide in the presence of a base with one or more alkylation reagents, selected from the group consisting of compounds transferring alkyl groups, compounds transferring hydroxyalkyl groups, compounds transferring carboxyalkyl groups and compounds transferring sulfoalkyl groups, and also with an N,N-disubstituted amino-alkylsulfuric acid ester. The modified polysaccharides are used in paper production and waste-water purification and also in cosmetics.

Abstract: A separating agent which, when used as the packing material for reverse-phase liquid chromatography, has excellent baseline stability in the mobile phase and an increased number of steps of the detected peak in the measurement is provided. The agent comprises a polysaccharide derivative supported on a silica gel having surface silanol groups treated with a silylating agent having an aralkyl group.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of low molecular weight polysaccharide ethers which can be employed in binders for improving adhesive power and film-forming properties, by oxidative degradation of relatively high molecular weight polysaccharide ethers, which comprises initially introducing a relatively high molecular weight polysaccharide ether in suspension (e.g. in a slurry), adding a perborate or a mixture of perborate and perborate activator, and carrying out the oxidative degradation at a temperature of between 25.degree. and 90.degree. C.

Abstract: Aminated cellulosic synthetic fibers are produced by adding an amine-substituted cellulose derivative to a viscose or an alkali cellulose and spinning fibers by the viscose spinning process, or by adding said cellulose derivative to a cellulose solution and spinning fibers from said solution.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel polysaccharide derivative in which part or the whole of the hydroxyl groups or the amino groups contained in a polysaccharide are displaced by two or more kinds of substituents, and a separating agent and a separating apparatus which comprise the polysaccharide derivative.The polysaccharide derivative of the present invention is extremely useful as a functional material for optical resolution.

Abstract: Soluble polysaccharides such as pectin and carrageenan are extracted from vegetable matter by passing an extraction fluid through a fixed bed of the polysaccharide-containing vegetable material to simultaneously hydrolyze and extract the polysaccharide from the vegetable material and separate the polysaccharide-containing solution from the remaining solid vegetable material. No separate filtration step is required. A filler can optionally be added to the vegetable material to increase the rate of percolation of the extraction fluid through the bed.

Abstract: Polysaccharides corresponding to formula (I) ##STR1## in which S is a recurrent monosaccharide unit andB is a group of formula (Ia) attached to the monosaccharide unit S by an O atom ##STR2## are prepared by reaction of polysaccharides with an alkyl halide corresponding to formula (II) ##STR3##

Abstract: Grafted polysaccharide compositions comprising polysaccharides grafted with antioxidants on at least one hydroxyl group of the polysaccharide. The use of antioxidant grafted polysaccharides or antioxidant grafted crosslinked polysaccharides as a treatment for arthritis, as a drug delivery vehicle, to reduce the incidence of post-operative adhesion formation, to promote the healing of chronic wounds and ulcers, and as a component of cosmetic formulations.

Abstract: The invention is related to highly substituted, water-insoluble, poorly water-permeable fatty acid esters of polysaccharides and compositions comprising said polysaccharides esters suitable for use in hot-melt adhesives and as coatings for the controlled release of active ingredients, especially fertilizers. A convenient method for preparing said polysacharide esters using e.g. dimethylformamide as a solvent is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for reducing the cholesterol level in mammalian blood by administering a water soluble cellulose ether thereto. The cellulose ethers have a viscosity, measured as a 2% aqueous solution at 20.degree. C., of at least about 35 cps. Oral administration is preferred, and, in one embodiment the high viscosity water soluble cellulose ether is hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, contained in a nutritious foodstuff.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel polysaccharide derivative in which part or all of the hydroxyl groups or the amino groups contained in a polysaccharide are replaced by two or more kinds of substituents, and a separating agent and a separating apparatus which comprise the polysaccharide derivative. The polysaccharide derivative of the present invention is extremely useful as a functional material for optical resolution.

Abstract: Polysaccharides (e.g., dextran) of different molecular weights were substituted at the anomeric carbon with polyalkylene oxides of different molecular weights to give novel diblock copolymers. The copolymers inhibit bacterial aggregation. The copolymers are useful as antiplaque agents, as agents to prevent bacterial aggregation in an aqueous system or in a fermentation system.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel polysaccharide derivative in which part or the whole of the hydroxyl groups or the amino groups contained in a polysaccharide are displaced by two or more kinds of substituents, and a separating agent and a separating apparatus which comprise the polysaccharide derivative. The polysaccharide derivative of the present invention is extremely useful as a functional material for optical resolution.

Abstract: New polysaccharides have recurring units I or a salt thereof.

Abstract: A process for the production of cellulose carbamate from cellulose and urea through the conversion of the cellulose with excess urea in an inert liquid organic reaction carrier at a temperature in the range of 130 .degree. to 160.degree. C., separation of the reaction carrier from the reaction mixture and washing of the reaction mixture with water. The cellulose is intimately mixed with an aqueous urea solution. Then the water in the solution is replaced with the organic reaction carrier, and the reaction of urea and cellulose is carried out in the presence of an inert gaseous carrier to remove the by-product ammonia. Thereafter, the organic reaction carrier remaining in the reaction product is replaced with an aqueous urea solution and the resulting suspension of cellulose carbamate in the urea solution is filtered and washed free of urea with water. No liquid ammonia is required in this process.

Abstract: A process for the production of rayon fibers. The viscose solution is spun into a spinbath which is acidic in character but has no zinc salt like conventional baths. The spin bath contains sulphuric acid, aluminum sulphate and sodium sulphate. The spinning is at temperatures of 35.degree.-60.degree. C. Usual stretching and post spinning operations are carried out as necessary. The regenerated cellulose fibers obtained are of novel cross-sections, namely of `c` cross section not achieved ever before. The fibers exhibit increased luster and softness.

Abstract: Cationic polysaccharide derivatives are prepared by reacting a polysaccharide with a polycationic reagent having one polysaccharide reactive group and at least two cationic groups. Suitable reagents include polycationic alkyl, aryl, alkaryl, cycloaliphatic, or heterocyclic amines, some of which are novel compositions. The polycationic polysaccharide derivatives prepared from these reagents are useful in the manufacture of paper.

Abstract: Saccharide copolymers having antibacterial activity obtained by copolymerization of an oligosaccharide or polysaccharide with a nitrogen containing vinyl derivative, quaternarization of the obtained copolymer followed by oxidation of the oligosaccharide or polysaccharide monomer unit with formation of the corresponding dialdehyde.

Abstract: An improvement to the process for synthesizing cellulose aminomethanate is disclosed which comprises slurring cellulose in low concentrations of aqueous caustic solutions, in the presence of urea, and steeping the slurried mixture, at from about 2.degree. C. to about -15.degree. C., for a time sufficient to permit swelling of the cellulose and uniform distribution of the urea. Cellulose aminomethanate manufactured from product prepared in accord with this process, has a uniform distribution of aminomethanate throughout the cellulose at the molecular level and comprises a suitable product for manufacturing sausage casing.

Abstract: Cationic polysaccharide derivatives are prepared by reacting a polysaccharide with a polycationic reagent having one polysaccharide reactive group and at least two cationic groups. Suitable reagents include polycationic alkyl, aryl, alkaryl, cycloaliphatic, or heterocyclic amines, some of which are novel compositions. The polycationic polysaccharide derivatives prepared from these reagents are useful in the manufacture of paper.

Abstract: A cellulose fiber mat sized with cellulose aminomethanate. The fiber mat is desirably an abaca fiber mat and the mat may be used as a reinforcement in products such as food casings, e.g., a sausage casing. Such a food casing comprises such a sized mat impregnated with additional cured resinous material. Such additional resinous material is desirably a cured viscose such as xanthate or cellulose aminomethanate viscose.

Abstract: A styrene derivative carrying N-acethylchito-oligosaccharide chains, a polystyrene derivative carrying N-acetylchito-oligosaccharide chains on the side chains as well as a method for preparing these compounds are herein disclosed. The method for preparing the styrene derivative comprises reacting N-acetylchito-oligosaccharide lactone with vinylbenzylamine or a derivative thereof while the method for preparing the polystyrene derivative comprises polymerizing the styrene derivative. These derivatives can be employed as biomedical materials, in particular as materials for cell culture.

Abstract: There are disclosed a body fluid purifying material which comprises a water-insoluble compound obtained by allowing one or more kinds of a polymeric compound having hydroxyl groups to react with a compound having at least one isocyanate group, and a method for purifying a body fluid which comprises using a water-insoluble polymeric compound obtained by allowing one or more kinds of a polymeric compound having hydroxyl groups to react with a compound having at least one isocyanate compound.

Abstract: This invention relates to ion-exchanged fine cellulose particles, porous fine cellulose particles which can be advantageously used as an affinity carrier, and methods of production thereof. These fine particles of the invention have the advantage that they possess excellent pressure-resistant strength and can treat treatment liquors under pressure at a high flowing velocity. Thus, they can be advantageously used industrially in various separation and purification processes.

Abstract: A modified cellulose and/or chitin for biocompatible dialysis membranes having a structure represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein cell is cellulose or chitin, in each case without hydroxyl groups, s=3 in the case of cellulose and s=2 in the case of chitin, R' is CH.sub.3 and/or C.sub.2 H.sub.5 and/or C.sub.3 H.sub.7, X denotes specified functional groups, R" is H or R, R"' denotes R, x+t=0.75 to 2.85, t=0 to 2.85, x=0 to 2.85, and r=0 to 1. A process for preparation of the cellulose and/or chitin derivatives is also disclosed.

Abstract: A modified cellulose and/or chitin for biocompatible dialysis membranes having a structure represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein Cell is cellulose or chitin, in each case without hydroxyl groups, s=3 in the case of cellulose and s=2 in the case of chitin, R' is CH.sub.3 and/or C.sub.2 H.sub.5 and/or C.sub.3 H.sub.7, X denotes specified functional groups, R" is H or R, Z corresponds to the following groups of atoms: SR", SO.sub.3 H and salts thereof, SO-R, SONR".sub.2, SO.sub.2 -R, SO.sub.2 NR".sub.2, SO.sub.2 H and salts thereof, F, Cl, Br, I, NR".sub.2, PR".sub.2, PO.sub.3 H.sub.2 and salts thereof, PO.sub.2 H(OR), PO(OR).sub.2, PO.sub.2 HR" and salts thereof, POR"(OR) and POR".sub.2, x+t=0.75 to 2.85, t=0 to 2.85, x=0 to 2.85, and z=0.01 to 0.45. A process for preparation of the cellulose and/or chitin derivatives is also disclosed.

Abstract: A modified cellulose and/or chitin for biocompatible dialysis membranes having a structure represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein cell is unmodified cellulose or chitin, in each case without hydroxyl groups, s=3 in the case of cellulose and s=2 in the case of chitin, R' is CH.sub.3 and/or C.sub.2 H.sub.5 and/or C.sub.3 H.sub.7, X denotes specified functional groups, m=0.75 to 2.85, and x=0.005 to 2.10. A process for preparation of the cellulose and/or chitin derivatives is also disclosed.

Abstract: Cationized derivatives of natural polysaccharides having a polyglucoside structure with 50-5000 monomer units and one or more side chains bonded to the glucoside nucleus by a nitrogen or oxygen atom or an amide group, said side chains having one or more quaternary nitrogen atoms so that each monomer unit has a cation charge density exceeding two. The new compounds are particularly active as hypocholesterolemic agents.

Abstract: A modified cellulose has a structure represented by the formula ##STR1## Cell is the framework of the unmodified cellulose molecule or of the chitin molecule, in each case without hydroxyl groups. Z is a nitrogen or sulfur atom. In the case where Z is a nitrogen atom, T and Z together are an acylamide or urea group and Q is (X'-Y') and/or together with the O an ester group and/or together with the O a carbamate group. In the case where Z is a sulfur atom, T is omitted and Q together with the O is an ester group and/or together with the O a carbamate group and, as desired, (X'--Y'). The relationships 0<n<m and 0.ltoreq.s<m are obeyed and (n+s) indicates the mean degree of substitution. m=3 in the case of the unmodified cellulose molecule and m=2 in the case of the chitin molecule.

Abstract: Betain group-containing derivatives of carboxymethylcellulose are disclosed. They are characterized in that all or a portion of the carboxymethyl groups are or is replaced by groups of the general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is hydrogen or methyl group,R.sup.2 is a divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group with 2 to 5 carbon atoms,R.sup.3, R.sup.4 is an alkyl group with 1 to 4 carbon atoms,R.sup.5 is a divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group with 1 to 10 carbon atoms,with the proviso that, on the average, at least 0.1 betaine groups are contained for each anhydroglucose unit of the polymeric molecule.Also, a method for the synthesis of these compounds and their use in cosmetic preparations, especially for the care of hair, are disclosed. In addition, novel derivatives of carboxymethylcellulose with tertiary amino groups are taught as intermediates. In these derivatives, all or a portion of these groups are or is replaced by groups of the general formula ##STR2## in which the substituents R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.

Abstract: A polysaccharide derivative having the structure Sacch--O--Z--Ar--CH.dbd.N--Y or ##STR1## where Sacch--O-- represents a polysaccharide molecule; Z is --(CH.sub.2).sub.n -- or ##STR2## Ar is a divalent aromatic group; Y is (a) a monovalent group derived from a water-soluble substituted or unsubstituted aromatic compound containing only one free primary amine group, or (b) a monovalent group derived from a water-soluble substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic or cycloaliphatic compound containing only one primary amine group, or (c) a multivalent group derived from a water-soluble protein containing more than one primary amine group; n is one or greater; and m is zero or greater, is prepared by first modifying the polysaccharide with a reagent to introduce free aromatic aldehyde groups and then reacting with a suitable amine-containing reagent. The siloxane-containing starch derivaties are useful in glass forming size compositions.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improvement to a process for synthesizing cellulose aminomethanate which comprises slurrying cellulose in an aqueous caustic solution, in the presence of urea; steeping the slurried mixture for a time sufficient to permit swelling of the cellulose for uniform distribution of the urea; concentrating the steeped mixture and treating an extraction of the concentrate with an ion-exchanger. When cellulose aminomethanate is manufactured from product prepared in accord with this process, it has a uniform distribution of substituent throughout the cellulose at the molecular level and comprises a suitable product for manufacturing sausage casing.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improvement to a process for synthesizing cellulose aminomethanate wherein cellulose is steeped in an aqueous urea containing solution, dried to form an intimate mixture of cellulose and urea of known composition, and heated to form the cellulose aminomethanate; the improvement comprising, heating the mixture to a temperature above about 125 degrees centigrade, measuring the weight loss of the mixture during heating, comparing the measured weight loss of the mixture during heating to the weight of an equivalent amount of ammonia released in accord with the reaction path:Cell-OH+CO(NH.sub.2).sub.2 .fwdarw.Cell-OCONH.sub.2 +NH.sub.3continuing heating until the total measured weight loss corresponds to the total weight of an amount of ammonia released in the reaction when from about 30 to about 100% of the total weight of urea present in the mixture reacts with cellulose.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improvement to a process for synthesizing cellulose aminomethanate which comprises slurrying cellulose in an aqueous caustic solution, in the presence of urea; steeping the slurried mixture for a time sufficient to permit swelling of the cellulose for uniform distribution of the urea; and, neutralizing the caustic solution of the steeped slurry by treatment with an acid neutralizing solution. When cellulose aminomethanate is manufactured from product prepared in accord with this process, it has a uniform distribution of substituent throughout the cellulose at the molecular level and comprises a suitable product for manufacturing sausage casing.

Abstract: Derivatives of carboxymethylcellulose are disclosed in which all or a portion of the carboxymethyl groups are replaced by groups of the general formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 is a hydrogen or methyl group,R.sup.2 is a divalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group with 2 to 5 carbon atoms,R.sup.3, R.sup.4 are alkyl groups with 1 to 4 carbon atoms,R.sup.5 is an alkyl group with 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a benzyl group,X is a halogen or sulfate group or a sulfonic acid group,with the proviso that, on the average, at least 0.1 quaternary ammonium groups are contained per anhydroglucose unit of the polymeric molecule.The invention furthermore relates to derivatives of carboxymethylcellulose, in which all or a portion of the carboxymethyl groups are replaced by groups of the general formula ##STR2## in which the substituents R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 have the above meaning, with the proviso that, on the average, at least 0.

Abstract: New amines and amides of carboxylated polysaccharides having the nitrogen of the amido and amino groups directly attached to the polysaccharides and method of making same, based on reacting in solution a material having carboxyl-containing polysaccharides, such as carboxymethyl cellulose, with ammonium donors having the general formula >NH such as primary and secondary amine reagents and with or without a reducing agent to obtain amides or amines. These products may be used for instance in biological separations, for the immobilization of proteins, for the removal of metal ions, as thickeners, and as suspension agents.

Abstract: New Amines and amides of carboxylated polysaccharides having the nitrogen of the amido and amino groups directly attached to the polysaccharides and method of making same, based on reacting in solution a material having carboxyl-containing polysaccharides, such as carboxymethyl cellulose, with ammonium donors having the general formula >NH such as primary and secondary amine reagents and with or without a reducing agent to obtain amides or amines. These products may be used for instance in biological separations, for the immobilization of proteins, for the removal of metal ions, a thickeners, and as suspension agents.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a biologically pure culture of a cellulose-producing microorganism, preferably a prokaryote. This cellulose-producing microorganism is capable, during fermentation in an aqueous nutrient medium containing assimilable sources of carbon, nitrogen and inorganic substances, of reversal of direction of cellulose ribbon extrusion. This reversal of direction of cellulose ribbon extrusion results on the cellulose-producing microorganism shuttling, at least periodically, first in one direction and then in the other direction along a length of an earlier-deposited cellulose ribbon to add another cellulose ribbon thereto and produce a cellulose ribbon-bundle having a width of at least two cellulose ribbons.The cellulose-producing microorganism of the present invention may be of the genus Acetobacter, Agrobacterium, Rhizobium, Pseudomonas or Alcaligenes, preferably of the genus Acetobacter and more preferably of the species Acetobacter xylinum or Acetobacter pasteurianus.

Abstract: An alkyl-phenylcarbamate derivative of a polysaccharide has in 80 to 100 percent of hydrogen atoms of the amino and hydroxyl groups an alkylphenyl-carbamoyl group having the formula (I): ##STR1## in which (1) at least one of R1 to R5 is a straight alkyl having 4 to 8 or a branched alkyl having 3 to 8 carbon atoms or at least two of R1 to R5 each are a straight alkyl having 1 to 3 when the polysaccharide is cellulose; (2) at least one of R1 to R5 is a straight alkyl having 1 to 8 carbon atoms or a branched alkyl having 3 to 8 carbon atoms when the polysaccharide is any one other than cellulose; and the other(s) of R1 to R5 is hydrogen. It is useful to optical separation of a racemic mixture.

Abstract: An improved chemical process is provided for the disposal of scrap nitroculose. The process involves the use of organic sulfhydryl-containing compounds to effect the nitrogen release from the nitrocellulose polymer. The nitrogen released by the application of this procedure is in the form of inorganic nitrite ions. The process is in effect a nucleophilic attack on the nitrocellulose, and is accompanied by cleavage or breakage of the cellulose chain.

Abstract: Disclosed is a modified cellulose fiber having improved curl characteristics. Specifically, the present invention relates to oxidized or sulfonated cellulose fibers being highly curled, wherein such curl is highly stable. The oxidized or sulfonated curled cellulose fiber may be prepared by a process comprising treating the fibers in a high energy refiner effective to provide the desired curl properties to the fiber. The modified cellulose having improved curl characteristics may be used in disposable absorbent products.