Abstract: A polymer composition including a polymer having a hydroxyl group and a histidine or a histidine derivative grafted to the polymer having a hydroxyl group. A polymer material is also provided, including a polymer composition which includes a polymer having a hydroxyl group, and a histidine or a histidine derivative grafted to the polymer having a hydroxyl group.

Abstract: An amine or hydrazide derivative of a sialic acid unit, e.g. in a polysaccharide, is reacted with a bifunctional reagent at least one of the functionalities of which is an ester of N-hydroxy succinimide, to form an amide or hydrazide product. The product has a useful functionality, which allows it to be conjugated, for instance to proteins, drugs, drug delivery systems or the like. The process is of particular utility for derivatising amine groups introduced in sialic acid terminal groups of polysialic acids.

Abstract: An exemplary multimodal chromatographic medium of the invention includes one or more strong anion exchange, weak anion exchange, strong cation exchange and/or weak cation exchange binding sites in combination with one or more reverse phase and/or hydrophilic interaction chromatography binding site. In an exemplary embodiment, the sites interact with one or more glycans in a mixture of glycans in a manner that allows separation of glycans in the mixture and analysis of the glycan mixture. The media are incorporated into devices and systems for chromatographic analysis. Also provided are methods of using the multimodal media of the invention to analyze glycans.

Abstract: The invention provides compositions and methods for reversible covalent binding of benefit agents to keratinous substrates through the reaction of a dicarbonyl functional group on the surface of a benefit agent with reactive amines on keratinous surfaces. The deposits formed are durable and resistant to transfer, but are readily removed by contacting the deposit with an amine-containing solution.

Abstract: A conjugate molecule comprising an oligo- or polysaccharide covalently bound to a carrier and its use as potential vaccine against infection by S. Flexneri.

Abstract: Disclosed is a nanoparticulate complex comprising an artificial phosphate receptor of formula (I): P-[L-[-N(CH2-2-pyridyl)2]]p.pZN2+ (I) wherein P represents a nanoparticulate substrate, L represents a linking group, and p is an integer of ?1. Also disclosed are a method for silencing a gene in a cancer patient in need thereof, a method for treating or preventing cancer in a patient in need thereof, and a method for targeting a cell in cancer treatment comprising use of the nanoparticulate complex, for example, a DPA/Zn-functionalized nanoparticulate complex.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for providing esters of hyaluronic acid, hyaluronic acid salts or hyaluronic acid derivatives with hydrophobic organic compounds. The process includes the steps of (i) micronizing the hyaluronic acid, salt or derivative thereof at reduced temperature, (ii) reacting the hydrophobic compound with a micronized hyaluronic acid obtained in (i) in a suitable solvent; and (iii) filtrating or dialyzing reaction mixture obtained in (ii) to obtain the desired ester. Also encompassed by the present invention are the esters obtained by such a method and compositions containing them as well as the use thereof for treating and/or preventing cartilage damage and inflammation.

Abstract: A method of producing spray-dried hyaluronic acid comprising a) spray drying hyaluronic acid, wherein the concentration of the hyaluronic acid in the feed to the spray dryer is in the range of from 3.5 g/l to 7.0 g/l; b) having the temperature in the feed to the spray dryer in the range of from 0° C. to 100° C.; and wherein the molecular weight of the hyaluronic acid in the feed to the spray dryer is ?1200 kDa.

Abstract: Disclosed are derivatives of (tetrahydropyranyl)methyl acrylamide and polymers derived therefrom, as well as methods of making such compounds and polymers. Adhesives, coatings, and plastics which include such polymers are also described.

Abstract: A magnetic nanoparticle is provided in the disclosure. The magnetic nanoparticle includes a magnetic nanoparticle; a biocompatible polymer of the following formula (II) covalently coupled to the magnetic nanoparticle, wherein R1 is alkyl, aryl, carboxyl, or amino; n is an integer from 5 to 1000; and m is an integer from 1 to 10.

Abstract: Disclosed are nucleopeptide compounds that include a nucleobase, and an amino acid. Certain compounds further comprise a glycoside. The compounds may self-assemble to form supramolecular hydrogels. Also, the compounds may be used as a platform to examine specific biological functions (e.g., binding to DNA and RNA) of a dynamic supramolecular system that is able to interact with both proteins and nucleic acids. Other uses include: methods of growing cells and methods of delivering a substance to a cell.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cosmetic or dermatological composition comprising a hyaluronic acid derivative which comprises ureidopyrimidone units, to the said derivatives and to a cosmetic treatment method using them.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of hydroxymethyl-group-containing glycosaminoglycans, such as in particular hydroxymethyl-hyaluronic acid, for the treatment and prevention of infectious diseases or malignant or premalignant diseases, in particular of the skin or mucosa. The invention additionally provides a preparation method for glycosaminoglycans modified with hydroxymethyl groups.

Abstract: The present invention relates to blood group A/B/H determinant on Type 1 Core glycosphingolipids chains as recognition point for the FedF protein of F18-fimbriated Enterotoxigenic and verotoxinogenic Escherichia coli and the use of compounds comprising such determinants for the treatment of F18+ E. coli infections in pigs and in screening methods.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the modification of hyaluronic acid (HA) with aryl/alkyl succinic anhydrides (ASA) to produce aryl/alkyl succinic anhydride HA derivatives, to the derivatives as such, and to their applications and uses, particularly in the cosmetic and biomedical industries. The ASA-HA derivatives are expected to have interesting properties that can be used for advanced formulation (bind stronger to the skin compared to non-modified HA), possibly also in delivery systems for actives or drugs by encapsulation (nano/micro capsules) or formation of nano/micro spheres. Further, the low MW ASA-HA derivatives are expected to penetrate the skin more efficiently than non-modified HA of the same MW.

Abstract: The invention relates to materials and methods of conjugating a water soluble polymer to an oxidized carbohydrate moiety of a blood coagulation protein comprising contacting the oxidized carbohydrate moiety with an activated water soluble polymer under conditions that allow conjugation. More specifically, the present invention relates to the aforementioned materials and methods wherein the water soluble polymer contains an active aminooxy group and wherein an oxime linkage is formed between the oxidized carbohydrate moiety and the active aminooxy group on the water soluble polymer. In one embodiment of the invention the conjugation is carried out in the presence of the nucleophilic catalyst aniline. In addition the generated oxime linkage can be stabilized by reduction with NaCNBH3 to form an alkoxyamine linkage.

Abstract: There is provided a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating human immunodeficiency virus, and more particularly, to a pharmaceutical composition and health functional food for preventing or treating/improving human immunodeficiency virus, the pharmaceutical composition and health functional food including a new compound with chitooligosaccharides conjugated amino acids or dipeptides as an effective component. The new compound has an excellent anti-HIV effect through an activity of inhibiting a HIV initial infection by interrupting an interaction between host-virus membranes, and also activities of inhibiting reverse transcriptase and protease of HIV. The compound according to the present invention is a conjugate synthesized through conjugating chitooligosaccharides derived from a natural material with amino acids or dipeptides. The compound is stable without cytotoxicity.

Abstract: Chondroitin is produced by culturing a recombinant microorganism which is obtained by inactivation of a gene encoding an enzyme responsible for addition of fructose residues to the linear chondroitin polysaccharide in a microorganism producing a fructosylated derivative of chondroitin.

Abstract: The present invention relates to amphetamine prodrugs which provide colonic release of amphetamine.

Abstract: A method of localizing reproduction assisting hyaluronic acid to reproductive cell surfaces by covalently linking it to lipids is disclosed.

Abstract: A compound of the formula (1) wherein R1 is a group removable by hydrogenolysis, and wherein R2 is OH or R2 is —NHR3 wherein R3 is a group removable by hydrogenolysis. The compound can be made from fructose by a Heyns-rearrangement. The compound can be used then to make free D-mannosamine or its salts, D-mannosamine building blocks and mannosamine containing oligo- or polysaccharides, N-acetyl-D-mannosamine and its hydrates and solvates, neuraminic acid derivatives, and viral neuraminidase inhibitors.

Abstract: An injectable device useful for facial sculpting and correction of facial features, for example, for augmenting the chin in a human being is provided, the device being made of a composition comprising a hyaluronic acid crosslinked with a multifunctional polyethylene glycol (PEG)-based crosslinking agent.

Abstract: For the first time, an O-specific polysaccharide antigen that is a Shigella Sonnei, phase I, exopolysaccharide has been produced and characterized, said exopolysaccharide being an authentic natural compound in the form of a bacterial capsular polysaccharide. The exopolysaccharide contains a non-toxic lipid component, namely non-hydroxylated fatty acids, and exhibits low pyrogenicity and high immunogenicity. Effective, highly specific and safe vaccines for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of Shigella sonnei shigellosis are developed on the basis of the above-mentioned exopolysaccharide, as well as pharmaceutical compositions with a broad spectrum of action, in particular, in modulating immune response.

Abstract: Disclosed are compositions and formulations comprising glucosamine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use in the treatment of joint conditions and adapted for use in a bath or soak or bath beads, powders, salts, and oils, kits, and methods of treatment using the same. Also disclosed are lozenges, suppositories, patches, and topical creams comprising glucosamine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use in the treatment of joint conditions and methods of treatment using the same. In some embodiments the joint conditions include osteoarthritis.

Abstract: The invention relates to materials and methods of conjugating a water soluble polymer to an oxidized carbohydrate moiety of a blood coagulation protein comprising contacting the oxidized carbohydrate moiety with an activated water soluble polymer under conditions that allow conjugation. More specifically, the present invention relates to the aforementioned materials and methods wherein the water soluble polymer contains an active aminooxy group and wherein an oxime linkage is formed between the oxidized carbohydrate moiety and the active aminooxy group on the water soluble polymer. In one embodiment of the invention the conjugation is carried out in the presence of the nucleophilic catalyst aniline. In addition the generated oxime linkage can be stabilized by reduction with NaCNBH3 to form an alkoxyamine linkage.

Abstract: Manufactured hyaluronic acid products are used in numerous surgical applications including viscoelastic supplementation for the treatment of osteoarthritis, however, traditional sterilization techniques result in the breakdown of such high molecular o weight viscoelastic biopolymers and are thus unsuitable. Disclosed are processes for obtaining concentrated sterile solutions of high molecular weight biopolymers such as hyaluronic acid. The processes include filter sterilization with a dilute preparation of the biopolymer, and concentration of the dilute filter sterilized biopolymer by ultrafiltration to a desired concentration.

Abstract: A process for the crosslinking of at least one polymer selected from polysaccharides and derivatives thereof, which is carried out in an aqueous solvent by the action of an effective and non-excessive amount of at least one crosslinking agent, characterized in that it is carried out on a mixture containing at least one low-molecular weight polymer and at least one high-molecular weight polymer. A process for the preparation of an injectable monophase hydrogel of at least one crosslinked polymer selected from polysaccharides and derivatives thereof. Crosslinked polymers and injectable monophase hydrogels respectively obtainable by each of said processes.

Abstract: The present invention provides a simple, non-destructive and versatile method that enables layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly to be performed on virtually any substrate. A novel catechol-functionalized polymer which adsorbs to virtually all surfaces and can serve as a platform for LbL assembly in a surface-independent fashion is also provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel moenomycin analogs as well as pharmaceutical compositions thereof, methods of synthesis, and methods of use in treating an infection by administering an inventive compound to a subject in need thereof. The moenomycin analogs may be prepared synthetically, biosynthetically, or semi-synthetically. The analogs are particularly useful in treating or preventing infections caused by Gram-positive organisms. Certain inventive compounds may have a broader spectrum of coverage, which includes Gram-negative organisms.

Abstract: Disclosed are an aryl glycoside compound as represented by formula I or formular I?, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, optical isomer thereof or a prodrug thereof. The present invention relates to a method of preparing said aryl glycoside compound and the use thereof The aryl glycoside compound of the present invention has an excellent ability on inhibit SGLT activity, especially SGLT2 activity, and is diabetes-fighting medicine with great potential.

Abstract: The invention relates to the method of preparation of hyaluronic acid-based fibres, where first the spinning solution of hyaluronic acid and/or a metal compound thereof, optionally containing a metal salt or a hyaluronic acid compound and metal ions, is prepared, then the spinning solution is introduced into the coagulation bath comprising an acid, an alcohol and not more than 10% wt. of water, and optionally a metal salt, resulting in forming a fibre which is preferably left in the coagulation bath and/or is drawn, then the fibre is washed with alcohol and dried. After washing of the fibre, metal ions may be introduced in the fibre by means of the metalization bath. Further, the invention relates to the fibres based on hyaluronic acid and/or a metal compound thereof, having the fibre (monofilament) diameter 4 ?m to 1 mm, linear weight 0.1 to 30 g/1000 m (0.1 to 30 tex), tensile strength 0.5 to 3 cN·dtex?1 and loop strength 20 to 80% of the tensile strength.

Abstract: A composition for treating or preventing inflammatory-related conditions includes as an active principle a carrier which exhibits a plurality of a scavenger structure capable of mitigating the activity of a mediator of inflammatory-related conditions. The scavenger structure includes a nucleophilic centre complying with the formula X1(—R?—)(—R?)mHnwhere: a) X1 is a single-bonded heteroatom selected amongst N, O and S and exhibits a free electron pair; b) m is 0 or 1 and n is 1 or 2; c) —R?— is a bivalent organic group providing attachment to the carrier via one of its free valences and to X1 at the other free valence; and d) R?— is a monovalent organic group attached to the X1 via its free valence. A method for treating or preventing inflammatory-related conditions in an individual suffering from such conditions includes: providing the composition; and contacting the mediator within or separate from the individual.

Abstract: A method for making aldehyde-functionalized polysaccharides having pendant aldehyde groups is described. The method involves the hydroformylation of an alkene-functionalized polysaccharide. The resulting aldehyde-functionalized polysaccharides are useful for forming hydrogel tissue adhesives and sealants for medical applications.

Abstract: An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a composition that includes hyaluronic acid, or its salt or derivative thereof, zinc citrate and an additive selected from the group consisting of grapefruit seed extract, Citricidal™, calcium propionate, sodium benzoate, potassium benzoate, magnesium citrate, proline, raddish root extract, Leucidal™ or 1,2-propanediol.

Abstract: The invention discloses the discovery that a pharmaceutical composition containing complex carbohydrates with or without natural or synthetic essential oils can work effectively as a topical, oral or mucosal pharmaceutical composition. Such pharmaceutical compositions reduce inflammation, assist in wound healing, protect against bruising, relieve itching, relieve pain and swelling and treat topical bacterial infections such as acne and decubitus ulcers and prevent and treat numerous other conditions and diseases. Such pharmaceutical compositions can be administered to mammals including humans. Also included in this invention are methods to deliver topically applied macromolecules into the tissue of mammals and methods of blocking the adhesion, metastatic and coronary cascades.

Abstract: The present invention provides long-acting sustained-release formulations of drugs such as proteins or peptides, which are injectable, completely biodegradable and safe, as well as ensuring efficient encapsulation of the drugs such as proteins or peptides without inhibiting their biological activity. It is possible to achieve injectable sustained-release formulations that ensure efficient encapsulation and long-term sustained release of drugs such as proteins or peptides while retaining their biological activity, when a solution containing a drug and a polysaccharide derivative such as hyaluronic acid having a crosslinkable functional group(s) or a salt thereof is dehydrated in microparticulate form starting from a dilute state, where crosslinking proceeds slowly, to reach a concentration which facilitates crosslinking, to thereby cause crosslinking reaction during concentration, so that the drug is encapsulated into the crosslinked polysaccharide to give drug-carrying microparticles.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds which are inhibitors of sodium dependent glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2). These compounds are used in the treatment of various disorders, including diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, cataracts, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, hyperchlolesterolemia, elevated blood level of free fatty acids or glycerol, hyperlipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia, obesity, wound healing, tissue ischemia, atherosclerosis, and hypertension. These compounds and compositions are also useful for treating and preventing kidney stones, hyperuricemia, gout, and hyponatremia. Methods of making these compounds are also described in the present invention.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions comprising semi-crystalline ?-1-4-N-acetylglucosamine polymers (p-GlcNac) and methods utilizing such polymers modulation of vascular structure and/or function. The compositions and methods disclosed are useful for stimulating, in a p-GlcNac concentration-dependent manner, endothelin-1 release, vasoconstriction, and/or reduction in blood flow out of a breached vessel, as well as for contributing to or effecting cessation of bleeding. The methods of the present invention comprise topical administration of materials comprising semi-crystalline p-GlcNac polymers that are free of proteins, and substantially free of single amino acids as well as other organic and inorganic contaminants, and whose constituent monosaccharide sugars are attached in a ?-1-4 conformation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a conjugate of acetylated biocompatible polysaccharide and phthalocyanine-based compound for photodynamic diagnosis or therapy and to a method for preparing the same, and more particularly, to a conjugate for photodynamic diagnosis or therapy and to a method for preparing the same, in which biocompatible polysaccharide is acetylated and a phthalocyanine-based compound is bound to the acetylated polysaccharide. The conjugate for photodynamic diagnosis or therapy according to the present invention is characterized in that the polysaccharide is acetylated to improve solubility in a solvent and thus enable various chemical modifications, and the conjugate may specifically target tumor cells, has superior cancer cell selecting and accumulating capacity, and has excellent effects of killing cancer cells when near infrared ray is irradiated.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions and methods for treating sialic acid deficiencies comprising extended release formulations.

Abstract: Essentially pure compounds of the formulas (I) to (XX) are provided. Compositions and methods for enhancing or stimulating an immune response are also provided. The compounds, provided are advantageous in that the compounds are essentially pure and free from contaminants encountered when such compounds are purified from natural sources.

Abstract: There is disclosed a cosmetic comprises a sugar compound obtained by reacting a hydroxyl group of a saccharide, an isocyanate group-containing organopolysiloxane represented by the following general formula (1), and an isocyanate group-containing organic compound represented by the following general formula (2). As a result, there is provided a cosmetic excellent in cosmetic sustainability and storage stability that can improve such undesirable feelings of use as insufficient spreadability and stickiness, improve the solubility to not only a non-polar oil such as a silicone oil and a light liquid paraffin, but also a polar oil such as a UV-absorber, an ester oil, and a natural animal and vegetable oil, provides non-stickiness with a cosmetic containing the polar oil, and prevent adhesion of the cosmetic to clothes (secondary adhesion).

Abstract: An isolated polysaccharide has the structure [-?(1,3)-D-GaIpNAc-?(1,4)-D-Glcp-]n. The polysaccharide may be from a Bifidobacterium strain NCIMB 41003. The polysaccharide exhibits immunomodulatory activity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds useful for the treatment or prevention of bacteria infections. These compounds have formula I: The invention also provides pharmaceutically acceptable compositions containing the compounds and methods of using the compositions in the treatment of bacteria infections. Finally, the invention provides processes for making compounds of the invention.

Abstract: A conjugate molecule comprising an oligo- or polysaccharide covalently bound to a carrier and its use as potential vaccine against infection by S. Flexneri.

Abstract: There are provided compounds of the formula wherein X, Y, Z, R1, R2, R3 and R4 are as described herein and enantiomers and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters thereof. The compounds are useful as anticancer agents.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a modified polyuronic acid represented by the following general formula (1) or a salt thereof which is excellent in surface activity: wherein R1 is a hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms or the like; X is an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom or a —NH— group, with the proviso that a ratio value of [m/(m+n)] is from 0.3 to 1.0, and a plurality of the R1 groups being present in a molecule of the modified polyuronic acid or the salt thereof may be the same or different from each other but all of the R1 groups are not hydrogen atoms at the same time.

Abstract: Nutritional compositions, formulations, and intermediates are provided which may be utilized to formulate various sweeteners and other products. The formulations described herein are made from constituents found in soils or fossilized soils.

Abstract: Disclosed are acid polysaccharides characterized by the concomitant presence of alcohol groups esterified with butyric and formic acids.

Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to genetic engineering of bacteria. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to genetic engineering of Gram-negative bacteria expressing different species of lipid A on their surface. In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides for an engineered strain of E. coli according to Table 1. In another embodiment, the present disclosure provides for a lipopolysaccharide purified from an engineered strain of E. coli according to Table 1.