Additional Hetero Ring Containing Patents (Class 540/222)
  • Publication number: 20040242864
    Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of crystalline cefuroxime axetil with high purity lecel and optimal diastereomeric ratio. Said process, which comprises the use of a dimethyl carbonate for isolating crystallizing cefuroxime axetil, is particularly suitable for implementing on an industrial scale.
    Type: Application
    Filed: March 11, 2004
    Publication date: December 2, 2004
    Inventors: Davide Longoni, Marco Alpegiani, Walter Cabri, Claudio Felisi
  • Publication number: 20040242863
    Abstract: There is described the preparation of the new 7&bgr;-[(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)glyoxylamido-3-hydroxymethyl-2-cephem-4-carboxylic acid derivatives, in which the amino group is free or protected by a removable group, and the subsequent conversion of the compounds thus obtained into active cephalosporin precursors either by esterification of the hydroxy group or replacement of the hydroxy group by a halogen atom and, in the latter case, by subsequent replacement of the halogen atom of said 7&bgr;-[(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)glyoxylamido-3-halomethyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid derivatives by the residue of a nucleophilic compound to obtain corresponding, immediate precursors of 7&bgr;-[&agr;-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl-&agr;-methoxyimino]acetamido-3-(substituted)methyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid derivatives.
    Type: Application
    Filed: May 27, 2003
    Publication date: December 2, 2004
    Inventor: Alessandro Riccardo Carenini
  • Patent number: 6825344
    Abstract: There is provided a process for the preparation of a compound according to Formula (II): which includes the step of cyclising a compound of Formula (III): wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, X and m have meanings which are given in the description.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 30, 2001
    Date of Patent: November 30, 2004
    Assignee: Pfizer Inc.
    Inventors: Desmond John Best, George Burton, Brian Charles Gasson, Neal Frederick Osborne, Graham Walker
  • Patent number: 6825345
    Abstract: A process for the purification of cefixime via a novel tert-octylamine salt of a cefixime intermediate of formula V which may be crystalline and which may be produced in a one-pot reaction from 7-amino-3-vinyl-ceph-3-em-4-carboxylic acid.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 30, 2002
    Date of Patent: November 30, 2004
    Assignee: Sandoz GmbH
    Inventors: Martin Decristoforo, Johannes Ludescher, Hubert Sturm, Werner Veit
  • Publication number: 20040210049
    Abstract: High purity cefdinir is prepared in a high yield by a process comprising the steps of: treating a cefdinir intermediate with a formic acid-sulfuric acid mixture or a formic acid-methanesulfonic acid mixture to obtain a crystalline salt of cefdinir and reacting the crystalline salt with a base in a solvent.
    Type: Application
    Filed: November 25, 2003
    Publication date: October 21, 2004
    Inventors: Gwan-Sun Lee, Young-Kil Chang, Hong-Sun Kim, Chul-Hyun Park, Gha-Seung Park, Cheol-Kyung Kim
  • Patent number: 6800755
    Abstract: The present invention provides an improved process for the preparation of cefixime of formula (I), with an improved quality having/possessing better color and solubility: the process includes the steps of dissolving the compound of formula (II) in water/water immisible solvent using sodium bicarbonate at a temperature in the range of 0° C. to the 35° C., hydrolyzing with sodium hydroxide at a temperature in the range of 0° C. to 25° C., and acidifying the resultant mass to 2.3 to 3.0 with dilute acid in the presence or absence of solvent at a temperature in the range of 10° C. to 45° C.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: December 5, 2002
    Date of Patent: October 5, 2004
    Assignee: Orchid Chemicals and Pharmaceuticals Limited
    Inventors: Pandurang Balwant Deshpande, Gautam Kumar Das, Pramod Narayan Deshpande, Ramasubbu Chandrasekaran, Padmanabhan Ramar, John Muthiah Raja Jeyakumar
  • Publication number: 20040167327
    Abstract: This invention relates to a novel process for the preparation of 3-cyclic-ether-substituted cephalosporins of formula I 1
    Type: Application
    Filed: February 11, 2004
    Publication date: August 26, 2004
    Inventors: Juan C. Colberg, Murizio Zenoni, Giovanni Fogliato, Alessandro Donadelli
  • Publication number: 20040132709
    Abstract: A compound of formula 1
    Type: Application
    Filed: November 12, 2003
    Publication date: July 8, 2004
    Inventors: Gerd Ascher, Josef Wieser, Michael Schranz, Johannes Ludescher, Johannes Hildebrandt
  • Publication number: 20040132995
    Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of cephalosporin antibiotics of the formula (I) 1
    Type: Application
    Filed: November 5, 2003
    Publication date: July 8, 2004
    Applicant: ORCHID CHEMICALS & PHARMACEUTICALS, LTD.
    Inventors: Pandurang Balwant Deshpande, Parven Kumar Luthra, Ramakrishna Kamma, Gedi Sreedhar
  • Publication number: 20040132994
    Abstract: The present invention relates to a compound of the formula [I]: 1
    Type: Application
    Filed: October 30, 2003
    Publication date: July 8, 2004
    Applicants: Fujisawa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, WAKUNAGA PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD.
    Inventors: Hidenori Ohki, Shinya Okuda, Toshio Yamanaka, Masaru Ohgaki, Ayako Toda, Kohji Kawabata, Satoshi Inoue, Keiji Misumi, Kenji Itoh, Kenji Satoh
  • Publication number: 20040127703
    Abstract: The invention is concerned with a process for the manufacture of vinylpyrrolidinone-cephalosporin derivatives from 3-amino-pyrrolidine derivatives of the formula 1
    Type: Application
    Filed: December 22, 2003
    Publication date: July 1, 2004
    Inventors: Marc Muller, Milan Soukup
  • Publication number: 20040092735
    Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved process for the preparation of the sterile cefuroxime sodium of formula (I).
    Type: Application
    Filed: December 5, 2002
    Publication date: May 13, 2004
    Applicant: Orchid Chemicals & Pharmaceuticals Limited
    Inventors: Pandurang Balwant Deshpande, Pramod Narayan Deshpande, Bhausaheb Pandharinath Khadangale, Gautam Kumar Das, John Muthiah Raja Jeyakumar
  • Publication number: 20040087787
    Abstract: The present invention provides novel thioester derivatives of thiazolyl acetic acid of the general formula (I), also, the invention provides a method for preparation of the thioester derivatives and reaction of the thioester derivatives with cephem carboxylic acids to produce cephalosporin antibiotic compounds having general formula (II).
    Type: Application
    Filed: September 12, 2003
    Publication date: May 6, 2004
    Inventors: Pandurang Balwant Deshpande, Parven Kumar Luthar
  • Publication number: 20040082560
    Abstract: The present invention provides an improved process for the preparation of cefixime of formula (I), with an improved quality having/possessing better color and solubility.
    Type: Application
    Filed: December 5, 2002
    Publication date: April 29, 2004
    Applicant: ORCHID CHEMICALS AND PHARMACEUTICALS LIMITED
    Inventors: Pandurang Balwant Deshpande, Gautam Kumar Das, Pramod Narayan Deshpande, Ramasubbu Chandrasekaran, Padmanabhan Ramar, John Muthiah Raja Jeyakumar
  • Patent number: 6693095
    Abstract: A compound of formula wherein W, V, R1, R5, R2, R3 and R4 have various meanings, a process for their production and their use as a pharmaceutical.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: November 13, 2001
    Date of Patent: February 17, 2004
    Assignee: Biochemie Gesellschaft m.b.H.
    Inventors: Gerd Ascher, Josef Wieser, Michael Schranz, Johannes Ludescher, Johannes Hildebrandt
  • Publication number: 20040030127
    Abstract: Highly crystalline, highly filterable sodium Cefoperazone in the form of needle crystal aggregates, obtainable by a process comprising the controlled addition of acetone to a solution of water/acetone/alcohols/sodium Cefoperazone at 20˜40° C.
    Type: Application
    Filed: December 20, 2002
    Publication date: February 12, 2004
    Inventors: Walter Cabri, Giovanni Pozzi, Paolo Ghetti, Domenico Vergani, Roberto Strigaro
  • Publication number: 20040019202
    Abstract: A cephem compound or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof represented by the formula I: 1
    Type: Application
    Filed: March 21, 2003
    Publication date: January 29, 2004
    Inventors: Seiichiro Kawashima, Keiichi Hiramatsu, Hideaki Hanaki, Hiroaki Yamazaki, Hidenori Harada
  • Patent number: 6683176
    Abstract: The present invention relates to novel processes for the preparation of 3-methylenecephams. More specifically, the present invention relates to the intramolecular cyclization of penicillin sulfoxide derived monocyclic azetidinone derivatives with organometallic catalysts of the formula III. MEx(H2O)y  (III) wherein: M is Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Zr, Hf, Th, Nb, Ta, U, Bi, or In; E is O[SO2(C1-C6 polyfluoroalkyl)], N[SO2(C1-C6 polyfluoroalkyl)]2, or C[SO2(C1-C6 polyfluoroalkyl)]3; x is 3; y is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: December 31, 2001
    Date of Patent: January 27, 2004
    Inventors: Robin D. G. Cooper, Anthony G. M. Barrett
  • Publication number: 20030236243
    Abstract: 6(7)-&bgr;-substituted &bgr;-lactam compounds as inhibitors of &bgr;-lactamase activity.
    Type: Application
    Filed: May 14, 2003
    Publication date: December 25, 2003
    Inventors: Brian K. Shoichet, Larry C. Blaszczak
  • Publication number: 20030216372
    Abstract: Compounds of formula (I): 1
    Type: Application
    Filed: April 4, 2003
    Publication date: November 20, 2003
    Applicant: AlamX L.L.C.
    Inventors: John D. Buynak, Hansong Chen
  • Publication number: 20030216567
    Abstract: The present invention relates to a new method for the preparation of Ceftiofur acid of formula (I), 1
    Type: Application
    Filed: July 30, 2002
    Publication date: November 20, 2003
    Applicant: ORCHID CHEMICALS AND PHARMACEUTICALS LIMITED
    Inventors: Pandurang Balwant Deshpande, Praven Kumar Luthra, Pratik Ramesh Sathe, Sivakumaran Sundaravadivelan, Praveen Nagesh Ganesh
  • Patent number: 6642378
    Abstract: The invention is directed towards a process for the preparation of Cefuroxime acid or for a corresponding pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester. The process comprises the carbamoylation of a Cefuroxime precursor with an activated isocyanate. Additionally, the process is characterized by the fact that a carbonic C1-C4 alkyl ester is used as a solvent for the carbamoylation reaction.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: March 13, 2002
    Date of Patent: November 4, 2003
    Assignee: Antibioticos S.p.A.
    Inventors: Walter Cabri, Enrico Siviero, Paola Luigia Daverio, Tania Cristiano, Claudio Felisi, Davide Longoni
  • Patent number: 6642377
    Abstract: A production process which comprises subjecting a basic antibiotic.oxalate (II) to salt-exchange with an alkali earth metal salt (III) of an inorganic acid: wherein the ring A means the basic antibiotic; R10 means a protected functional group used in organic synthesis; Ak—E means the alkali earth metal; and B means the inorganic acid, respectively.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 14, 2002
    Date of Patent: November 4, 2003
    Assignee: Eisai Co., Ltd.
    Inventors: Akio Kayano, Hiroyuki Chiba, Taiju Nakamura, Shin Sakurai, Hiroyuki Ishizuka, Hiroyuki Saito, Yuuki Komatsu, Manabu Sasho, Nobuaki Sato, Shigeto Negi
  • Publication number: 20030204082
    Abstract: A new crystalline form of cefdinir having a dissolution rate less than that of the known crystalline form of the same product.
    Type: Application
    Filed: April 3, 2003
    Publication date: October 30, 2003
    Applicant: ACS DOBFAR S.p.A.
    Inventors: Antonio Manca, Bruno Sala, Riccardo Monguzzi
  • Publication number: 20030191105
    Abstract: A compound of formula 1
    Type: Application
    Filed: December 3, 2002
    Publication date: October 9, 2003
    Inventors: Gerd Ascher, Johannes Ludescher
  • Publication number: 20030171303
    Abstract: The present invention provides a method for synthesizing 1-(acyloxy)-alkyl derivatives from 1-acyl-alkyl derivatives, which typically proceeds stereospecifically, in high yield, does not require the use of activated intermediates and/or toxic compounds and is readily amenable to scale-up. The current invention also provides 1-acyl-alkyl derivatives of known drug compounds and methods for synthesizing these 1-acyl-alkyl derivatives.
    Type: Application
    Filed: June 11, 2002
    Publication date: September 11, 2003
    Inventors: Mark A. Gallop, Jia-Ning Xiang, Fenmei Yao, Laxminarayan Bhat, Cindy X. Zhou
  • Publication number: 20030162762
    Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel cephalosporin compound, and pharmaceutically acceptable non-toxic salt, physiologically hydrolysable ester, hydrate, solvate or isomer thereof, to a pharmaceutical composition containing the compound and to a process for preparing the compound.
    Type: Application
    Filed: November 21, 2002
    Publication date: August 28, 2003
    Inventors: Chang-Seok Lee, Seong-Ho Oh, Eun-Jung Ryu, Hyung-Yeul Joo, Ha-Sik Youn, Yong-Jin Jang, Geun-Tae Kim
  • Publication number: 20030119085
    Abstract: Substrates for &bgr;-lactamase of the general formula I 1
    Type: Application
    Filed: October 24, 2002
    Publication date: June 26, 2003
    Applicant: The Regents of the University of California
    Inventors: Roger Y. Tsien, Gregor Zlokarnik
  • Patent number: 6583133
    Abstract: Disclosed are cephalosporin derivatives of the general formula wherein R is an organic residue with a molecular weight not exceeding 400 bonded to the adjacent sulphur atom via carbon and consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and optional oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen and/or halogen atoms; R1 is hydrogen, lower alkyl or phenyl; and A is a secondary, tertiary or quaternary nitrogen atom bound directly to the propenyl group and being substituted by an organic residue with a molecular weight not exceeding 400 and consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and optional oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen and/or halogen atoms, as well as readily hydrolyzable esters thereof, pharmaceutically acceptable salts of said compounds and hydrates of the compounds of formula I and of their esters and salts.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 22, 1999
    Date of Patent: June 24, 2003
    Assignee: Basilea Pharmaceutica AG
    Inventors: Peter Angehrn, Erwin Götschi, Ingrid Heinze-Krauss, Hans G. F. Richter
  • Publication number: 20030114665
    Abstract: A compound of formula 1
    Type: Application
    Filed: September 23, 2002
    Publication date: June 19, 2003
    Inventors: Gerd Ascher, Josef Wieser, Michael Schranz, Johannes Ludescher, Johannes Hildebrandt
  • Patent number: 6576761
    Abstract: 1. A process for preparing a 3-alkenylcephem compound or 3-norcephem compound of the formula (3) characterized in that an alkenyl halide of the formula (2), a nickel catalyst, a metal up to −0.3 (V/SCE) in standard oxidation reduction potential and a compound of a metal having a higher standard oxidation reduction potential than the metal are caused to act on a 3-cephem compound of the formula (1) in a solvent wherein R1 is a hydrogen atom or the like, R2 is a hydrogen atom or the like, R3 is a hydrogen atom or carboxylic acid protective group, and X is a halogen atom or the like, R4—Y  (2) wherein R4 is 1-alkenyl having or not having a substituent, and Y is a halogen atom wherein R1, R2 and R3 are as defined above, and R5 is a hydrogen atom or 1-alkenyl having or not having a substituent.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: February 7, 2002
    Date of Patent: June 10, 2003
    Assignee: Otsuka Kagaku Kabushiki Kaisha
    Inventors: Hideo Tanaka, Yutaka Kameyama
  • Publication number: 20030104515
    Abstract: A process for preparing cephalosporanic acid derivatives comprises the steps of enzymatically converting a 3-thiolated cephalosporin C compound of formula III: 1
    Type: Application
    Filed: April 19, 2002
    Publication date: June 5, 2003
    Inventors: Alvaro Sanchez-Ferrer, Jose Aniceto Lopez-Mas, Francisco Garcia-Carmona
  • Publication number: 20030092696
    Abstract: The invention provides compounds of formula (I): 1
    Type: Application
    Filed: July 24, 2002
    Publication date: May 15, 2003
    Inventors: John D. Buynak, Lakshminarayana Vogeti
  • Patent number: 6552186
    Abstract: The present invention provides processes for the production of a compound of formula I wherein X, R1 and R2 are substituents conventional in cephalosporin chemistry; especially a compound of formula I is ceftrixone, cefotaxime; e.g., in the form of a salt.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 11, 2001
    Date of Patent: April 22, 2003
    Assignee: Biochemie Gesellschaft m.b.H.
    Inventors: Benjamin Gerlach, Johannes Ludescher, Klaus Totschnig
  • Publication number: 20030073156
    Abstract: An enzymatic process for preparing 3-thiolated 7-aminocephalosporanic acid derivatives comprises the steps of enzymatically converting a 3-thiolated cephalosporin C of the formula I: 1
    Type: Application
    Filed: April 19, 2002
    Publication date: April 17, 2003
    Inventors: Alvaro Sanchez-Ferrer, Jose Aniceto Lopez-Mas, Francisco Garcia-Carmona
  • Patent number: 6531465
    Abstract: A compound of formula wherein Ac, R1 and R2 have various meanings, a process for a preparation thereof and its use as a pharmaceutical, i.e. as antibacterial agent.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 21, 2001
    Date of Patent: March 11, 2003
    Assignee: Biochemie Gesellschaft m.b.H.
    Inventors: Gerd Ascher, Johannes Ludescher
  • Publication number: 20030036541
    Abstract: The invention provides compounds of formula I and IV: 1
    Type: Application
    Filed: May 10, 2002
    Publication date: February 20, 2003
    Applicant: Research Corporation Technologies, Inc.
    Inventors: John D. Buynak, A. Srinivasa Rao, Greg C. Adam, Sirishkumar D. Nidamarthy, Venkata Ramana Doppalapudi
  • Patent number: 6504025
    Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the preparation of vinyl-pyrrolidinone cephalosporine derivatives of formula Also disclosed are intermediate compounds of formulas wherein R1 and R2 are as defined herein.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 17, 2001
    Date of Patent: January 7, 2003
    Assignee: Basilea Pharmaceutica AG
    Inventors: Paul Hebeisen, Hans Hilpert, Roland Humm
  • Publication number: 20030003526
    Abstract: Provided are fluorescent substrates for &bgr;-lactamases having the general formula I: 1
    Type: Application
    Filed: January 11, 2002
    Publication date: January 2, 2003
    Inventors: Roger Y. Tsien, Jianghong Rao
  • Publication number: 20030004336
    Abstract: A process for the preparation of Cefuroxime acid (1), which comprises the following steps: (1) Extraction of deacetyl 7-glutaryl ACA (II) aqueous solution at acid pH with organic solvents (for example according to the procedures disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,801,241); (2) drying the resulting solution while preventing lactonization of the intermediate; (3) carbamoylation of the hydroxymethyl group at the 3-position by reaction with chlorosulfonyl isocyanate or similar products; (7) extraction of the carbamoyl derivative from step 3 with water at neutral pH; (8) enzymatic hydrolysis of the amide at the 7-position of the cephalosporanic ring with glutaryl acylase; (6) acylation of the amino group by condensation with 2-furanyl(sin-methoxyimino)acetic acid chloride or mixed anhydride.
    Type: Application
    Filed: August 22, 2002
    Publication date: January 2, 2003
    Applicant: Antibioticos S.p.A.
    Inventors: Enrico Siviero, Walter Cabri, Daniele Mario Terrassan
  • Publication number: 20020198375
    Abstract: The process of the present invention and the preparation of the compound of the present invention are illustrated in the following reaction schemes. Except where otherwise indicated, in the reaction schemes and discussion that follow, substituents R1, R2, R3, L, A1, A2 and X are as defined above unless otherwise described.
    Type: Application
    Filed: December 4, 2001
    Publication date: December 26, 2002
    Applicant: Pfizer Inc.
    Inventors: Juan C. Colberg, Maurizio Zenoni, Giovanni Fogliato, Alessandro Donadelli
  • Publication number: 20020168685
    Abstract: Described are compounds having the formula:
    Type: Application
    Filed: January 24, 2002
    Publication date: November 14, 2002
    Inventor: Virginia W. Cornish
  • Publication number: 20020156272
    Abstract: 1
    Type: Application
    Filed: April 10, 2002
    Publication date: October 24, 2002
    Inventors: Benjamin Gerlach, Johannes Ludescher, Klaus Totschnig
  • Patent number: 6440957
    Abstract: A compound useful as an anti-bacterial agent, having the formula wherein R2 together with the nitrogen atom to which it is attached forms a cyclic aminoguanidine group or derivative thereof as defined
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 21, 2000
    Date of Patent: August 27, 2002
    Assignee: Biochemie Gesellschaft m.b.H.
    Inventors: Gerd Ascher, Werner Heilmayer, Johannes Ludescher, Johannes Hildebrandt, Michael Schranz, Josef Wieser
  • Publication number: 20020115852
    Abstract: A compound of formula 1
    Type: Application
    Filed: November 13, 2001
    Publication date: August 22, 2002
    Inventors: Gerd Ascher, Josef Wieser, Michael Schranz, Johannes Ludescher, Johannes Hildebrandt
  • Publication number: 20020115642
    Abstract: The present invention provides compositions comprising improved beta-lactam antibiotics and methods for applying these compositions to inhibit the growth of microbial infections. The improved antibiotics are capable of inhibiting the growth of both antibiotic sensitive and antibiotic resistant microorganisms In addition, the invention provides methods for treating a subject infected with a microorganism by administering the compositions of the invention.
    Type: Application
    Filed: May 1, 2001
    Publication date: August 22, 2002
    Inventors: Ming Fai Chan, Rosario S. Castillo, Qing Li, Venkata Ramana Doppalapudi, Mark Stephen Hixon, Thomas J. Lobl
  • Publication number: 20020099205
    Abstract: This invention relates a process for preparing a compound of formula (I) 1
    Type: Application
    Filed: December 4, 2001
    Publication date: July 25, 2002
    Applicant: Pfizer Inc.
    Inventors: Juan C. Colberg, John L. Tucker, Maurizio Zenoni, Giovanni Fogliato, Alessandro Donadelli
  • Publication number: 20020091252
    Abstract: A compound of formula 1
    Type: Application
    Filed: November 13, 2001
    Publication date: July 11, 2002
    Inventors: Gerd Ascher, Josef Wieser, Michael Schranz, Johannes Ludescher, Johannes Hildebrandt
  • Patent number: 6417351
    Abstract: A process for preparing 3-alkenylcephem compounds characterized in that 3-alkenylcephem compound of the formula (3) is prepared in a single step by simultaneously conducting reactions of a 3-chloromethylcephem compound of the formula (1) with iodization reagent, alkali metal hydroxide or carbonate, arylphosphine and an aldehyde of the formula (2)  R4—CHO  (2) wherein R1, R2, R3 and R4 are as defined in the specification.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: December 1, 1999
    Date of Patent: July 9, 2002
    Assignee: Otsuka Kagaku Kabushiki Kaisha
    Inventor: Yutaka Kameyama
  • Publication number: 20020086992
    Abstract: A process in the isolation of 7-aminocephalosporanic acid (7-ACA) from an alkaline, neutral or slightly acidic medium in the presence of an additive, e.g. selected from the group comprising organic carboxylic acid esters, polymeric glycols, polyacryls, amines and polyamines, melamin-formaldehyde resins or amino acids and esters thereof to obtain 7-ACA agglomerates and or rosettes.
    Type: Application
    Filed: November 7, 2001
    Publication date: July 4, 2002
    Inventors: Petr Nadenik, Helmut Wagner