Abstract: The present invention relates to Fused Bicyclic Pyrimidine Derivatives, compositions comprising a Fused Bicyclic Pyrimidine Derivative, and methods of using the Fused Bicyclic Pyrimidine Derivatives for treating or preventing obesity, diabetes, a metabolic disorder, a cardiovascular disease or a disorder related to the activity of a G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) in a patient.

Abstract: A compound of the formula: and pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of pain.

Abstract: The invention provides methods for reversibly inhibiting stem cell differentiation wherein a compound of formula (I) is contacted with a stem cell. The invention further provides a method for preparing a culture medium, a culture medium supplement and a composition comprising a compound of formula (I).

Abstract: The present invention relates to substituted heterobicyclic carboxylic acid derivatives, as well as N-oxides and agriculturally acceptable salts thereof, and their use in controlling plant growth, particularly undesirable plant growth, in crops of useful plants. The invention extends to herbicidal compositions comprising such compounds, N-oxides and/or salts as well as mixtures of the same with one or more further active ingredients and/or a safener.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds that are PIKK inhibitors, more specifically, mTOR and/or PI3K? kinase inhibitors and are therefore useful for the treatment of diseases treatable by inhibition of kinases, specifically PI3 kinases, more specifically, mTOR and/or PI3K?, such as cancer. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds and processes for preparing such compounds.

Abstract: Compounds and compositions are provided for treatment, prevention, or amelioration of a variety of medical disorders associated with viral infections and/or cell proliferation. The compounds provided herein are 5-phosphono-pent-2-en-1-yl nucleosides and esters thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to substituted 6-anilinopurine derivatives of the general formula I, wherein R denotes one to five substituents independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, amino, alkyloxy and alkyl group, and R2 denotes amino, halogen, nitro, thio, alkylthio or alkyl group for use as inhibitors of cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase. The invention also relates to the compositions containing these derivatives.

Abstract: A compound of formula (I), or stereoisomers or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein, R1a, R1b, R2a, R2b, U1, U2, X1, X2 and L are as defined herein.

Abstract: A compound of formula (I), or stereoisomers or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, formula (1), or stereoisomers or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein A, U1, U2, R1a, R1b, R2 and R3 have the meanings as indicated in the specification, are useful for treating conditions mediated by activation of the adenosine A2A receptor, especially inflammatory or obstructive airways diseases. Pharmaceutical compositions that contain the compounds and a process for preparing the compounds are also described.

Abstract: The invention provides compounds having Formula Ia, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R1, R2, R3, R4 and Y are as defined in the specification; as well as pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds and methods of using such compounds to treat or prevent diseases or disorders associated with the activity of Cannabinoid Receptor 1 (CB1).

Abstract: This invention generally relates to pyrazolo pyrimidine derivatives useful as, inter alia, inhibitors of short chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) family of NAD(P)(H) dependent oxido-reductases. More specifically, the invention relates to pyrazolo pyrimidine derivatives, including derivatives and analogs of SDR inhibitors, pharmaceutical compositions containing derivatives and analogs of SDR inhibitors, methods of making derivatives and analogs of SDR inhibitors and methods of use thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the identification of an intranucleosomal DNA loop formed during transcription through a nucleosome and use of the same to identify an agent that modulates the RNA Polymerase II-histone surface.

Abstract: Compounds useful in the treatment of autoimmune disease are described by the following general formula: n=0-2 m=0-2 m is not necessarily equal to n; where R1, R3?NH2, F, Cl, C1-C4 alkoxy or phenoxy group, but R1 is not necessarily equal to R3; and R2?H, F, Cl, NH2, or NH—R—XH;

Abstract: A highly active synthetic epothilone compound whose activity exceeds that of either epothilone EpoA or EpoB when assayed as a cytotoxic agent against a cancer cell line is disclosed as is a pharmaceutical composition containing the synthetic epothilone.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel (6-phenyl-5-amino/nitro-pyrimidin-4-yl)-phenyl-amines, which are found to be modulators of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Due to their pharmacological profile the compounds of the invention may be useful for the treatment of diseases or disorders as diverse as those related to the cholinergic system of the central nervous system (CNS), the peripheral nervous system (PNS), diseases or disorders related to smooth muscle contraction, endocrine diseases or disorders, diseases or disorders related to neuro-degeneration, diseases or disorders related to inflammation, pain, and withdrawal symptoms caused by the termination of abuse of chemical substances.

Abstract: This invention describes the series of compounds based on the 3-deazaneplanocin A (DZNep) core structure designed to inhibit the function of Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) proteins.

Abstract: The invention relates to a compound which has affinity with amyloid, shows sufficiently rapid clearance from normal tissues and is suppressed in toxicity such as mutagenicity, and also relates to a low-toxic diagnostic agent for Alzheimer's disease containing the compound. The compound is represented by the following formula (1) or a salt thereof: wherein A1, A2, A3 and A4 independently represent a carbon or a nitrogen, and R3 is a group represented by the following formula: wherein R1 is a radioactive halogen substituent; m is an integer of 0 to 4; and n is an integer of 0 or 1, provided that at least one of A1, A2, A3 and A4 represents a carbon, and R3 binds to a carbon represented by A1, A2, A3 or A4.

Abstract: The invention provides optical agents, including compositions, preparations and formulations, and methods of using and making optical agents. Optical agents of the present invention include dyes, and derivatives thereof, having a fused ring backbone structure having dithienofuran core. In some embodiments, dyes of the present invention are dithienofuran dyes having a dithienofuran core optionally functionalized to provide useful optical, biological, pharmacokinetic and/or physical properties.

Abstract: The invention provides optical agents, including compositions, preparations and formulations, and methods of using and making optical agents. Optical agents of the present invention include dyes, and derivatives thereof, having a fused ring backbone structure having dithienopyrrole core. In some embodiments, dyes of the present invention are dithienopyrrole dyes having a dithienopyrrole core optionally functionalized to provide useful optical, biological, pharmacokinetic and/or physical properties.

Abstract: The present invention provides selenium derivatives of nucleosides, nucleoside phosphoramidites, nucleotides, nucleotide triphosphates, oligonucleotides, polynucleotides, and larger nucleic acids and methods for their synthesis. Selenium derivatives of both ribonucleic acids and deoxyribonucleic acids, as well as methods for their synthesis, crystallization and uses in structural determinations, particularly by X-ray crystallographic techniques are disclosed. The selenium derivatives of the present invention are also useful as food supplements.

Abstract: Processes for preparing entecavir and novel intermediates thereof using carbon-silicon oxidation.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds useful as inhibitors of protein kinase. The present invention also provides compositions thereof, and methods of treating Raf-mediated diseases.

Abstract: This invention provides a compound or its pharmaceutically-acceptable salt of formula (I) wherein R1 represents a lower alkyl group et al; R2 and R3 are same and different and represents hydrogen atm et al; R4 represents the substituent of the formula (II) et al; X1 represents NH, O or S; Y represents N or C; Ar is a divalent substituent derived from aryl et al, by removing two hydrogen atoms therefrom; the ring A represents a 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl group; this compounds has a histamine-H3 receptor antagonistic effect or a histamine-H3 receptor inverse-agonistic effect and is useful for preventive or remedy of metabolic system diseases, circulatory system diseases or nervous system diseases.

Abstract: This invention relates to compounds that inhibit E1 activating enzymes, pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds, and methods of using the compounds. The compounds are useful for treating disorders, particularly cell proliferation disorders, including cancers, inflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders; and inflammation associated with infection and cachexia.

Abstract: Prodrugs of steroidal C-17 benzoazoles, pyrimidinoazoles(azabenzoazoles) and diazines. Methods of synthesis are also described, whereby a prodrug group is substituted for a functional group at A ring portion of the ABC ring structure of the steroid. Suitable prodrug groups include amino acid groups, succinate groups, phosphate groups, or sulfamate groups. The prodrugs of the disclosed compounds allow for improved oral bioavailability of the compounds that are inhibitors of human CYP17 enzyme as well as potent antagonists of both wild type and mutant androgen receptors (AR). The compounds and the corresponding prodrugs are useful for the treatment of conditions such as human prostate cancer, breast cancer, and prostate hyperplasia.

Abstract: Methods for therapy of cystic fibrosis and other conditions such as cancer are provided. The methods comprise one or more agents capable of increasing thiol-containing compound transport via a transporter system (i.e. ABC transporters such as MDR-1 or MRP-2) in cells. Other embodiments include the use of agents to modulate transport of thiol-containing compounds within the cell. Therapeutic methods involve the administration of such agents to a patient afflicted with cystic fibrosis, cancer and/or another condition responsive to stimulation of thiol-containing compound transport.

Abstract: A series of heteroaryl-substituted quinoxaline and quinoline derivatives, being selective inhibitors of PI3 kinase enzymes, are accordingly of benefit in medicine, for example in the treatment of inflammatory, autoimmune, cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, metabolic, oncological, nociceptive or ophthalmic conditions.

Abstract: Compounds of Formula (I), wherein R1-R10, A and X1 to X3 are as described in the specification, and their salts and pro-drugs, are activators of glucokinase (GLK) and are thereby useful in the treatment of, for example, type 2 diabetes. Processes for preparing compounds of formula (I) are also described.

Abstract: The invention is related to phosphorus substituted anti-viral inhibitory compounds, compositions containing such compounds, and therapeutic methods that include the administration of such compounds, as well as to processes and intermediates useful for preparing such compounds.

Abstract: This invention provides compounds of formula IA or IB: wherein R1, R2, G1 and HY are as described in the specification. The compounds are inhibitors of PI3K and/or mTor and are thus useful for treating proliferative, inflammatory, or cardiovascular disorders.

Abstract: This invention pertains to methods, mixtures, kits and/or compositions for the determination of analytes by mass analysis using unique labeling reagents or sets of unique labeling reagents. The labeling reagents can be isomeric or isobaric and can be used to produce mixtures suitable for multiplex analysis of the labeled analytes.

Abstract: The invention relates to the inhibition of histone deacetylase. The invention provides compounds and methods for inhibiting histone deacetylase enzymatic activity. The invention also provides compositions and methods for treating cell proliferative diseases and conditions.

Abstract: Compounds represented by the formula 1: A is selected from the group consisting of wherein each R individually is H or acyl, Y is X, N3, NH2, monoalkylamino, or dialkylamino; Z is O or S; and X is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, hydroxy, alkoxy, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, haloalkenyl, alkynyl, amino, monoalkylamino, dialkylamino, thioaryl, thioalkyl, allylamino, cyano and nitro; tautomers thereof; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof are provided along with methods for their fabrication. Various of these compounds can be used as anticancer agents, or antiviral agents or to inhibit DNA replication.

Abstract: Disclosed are (N)-methanocarba adenine nucleosides of the formula: as highly potent A3 adenosine receptor agonists, pharmaceutical compositions comprising such nucleosides, and a method of use of these nucleosides, wherein R1-R6 are as defined in the specification. These nucleosides are contemplated for use in the treatment a number of diseases, for example, inflammation, cardiac ischemia, stroke, asthma, diabetes, and cardiac arrhythmias. The invention also provides compounds that are agonists of both A1 and A3 adenosine receptors for use in cardioprotection.

Abstract: Compositions, methods and kits for labeling proteins and uses in reporter systems for detecting, quantifying and/or characterizing analytes.

Abstract: The invention provides novel compounds of formula (I) wherein: one of the a, b, c or d members is a nitrogen atom and the remaining members are carbon atoms; and R3 is a radical selected from the group consisting of: —S—R14 and —CH2—R15. The compounds of formula (I) are useful for treating diseases mediated by a heat shock protein 90 (Hsp 90).

Abstract: The present invention relates to phosphonate compounds, compositions containing them, processes for obtaining them, and their use for treating a variety of medical disorders, e.g., osteoporosis and other disorders of bone metabolism, cancer, viral infections, and the like.

Abstract: The present invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment or prevention of viral infections comprising as an active principle at least one compound having the general formula (A): wherein U is N or C; X is selected from C1-C10 alkylene, C2-10 alkenylene or C2-10 alkynylene, where each may include one or more intrachain heteroatoms selected from O, S, or NR11, provided any such heteroatom is not adjacent to the N in the ring; R3 is selected from aryl, aryloxy, arylthio, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkynyl, aryl-N(R10)—, or heterocycle, where each said substituent is optionally substituted with at least one R17, provided that for cycloalkenyl the double bond is not adjacent to a nitrogen; and the other substituents are described in the specification.

Abstract: Processes for preparing entecavir and novel intermediates thereof using carbon-silicon oxidation.

Abstract: This application provides a process for preparing enantiomerically pure ?-D-dioxolane nucleosides. In particular, a new synthesis of (?)-DAPD, suitable for large scale development, is described. In one embodiment the invention provides a process for preparing a substantially pure ?-D- or ?-L-1,3-dioxolane nucleosides comprising a) preparing or obtaining an esterified 2,2-dialkoxy ethanol; b) cyclizing the esterified 2,2-dialkoxy ethanol with glycolic acid to obtain a 1,3-dioxolane lactone; c) resolving the 1,3-dioxolane lactone to obtain a substantially pure D- or L-lactone; d) selectively reducing and activating the D- or L-chiral lactone to obtain a substantially pure D- or L-1,3-dioxolane; e) coupling the D- or L-1,3-dioxolane to an activated and/or protected purine or pyrimidine base; and f) optionally purifying the nucleoside to obtain a substantially pure protected ?-D- or ?-L-1,3-dioxolane nucleoside.

Abstract: Reaction of 1-O-acetyl-2,3,5-tri-O-benzoyl-?-D-ribofuranose with 2-methoxyadenine to form 9-(2?,3?,5?-tri-O-benzoyl-?-D-ribofuranosyl)-2-methoxyadenine, then deprotection of the 9-(2?,3?,5?-tri-O-benzoyl-?-D-ribofuranosyl)-2-methoxyadenine to form spongosine is described. Synthesis of intermediates for use in the synthesis of spongosine is also described.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds having the formula: wherein A-B together represent one of the following structures: n, R1, R2, R3, R4, L1, L2, Y and Z are as defined in classes and subclasses herein, and pharmaceutical compositions thereof, as described generally and in subclasses herein, which compounds are useful as inhibitors of protein kinase (e.g., RAF), and thus are useful, for example, for the treatment of RAF mediated diseases.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel purinyl derivatives and their use as potassium channel modulating agents. Moreover the invention is directed to pharmaceutical compositions useful for the treatment or alleviation of diseases or disorders associated with the activity of potassium channels.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of formula (I) wherein A is C1-C6-alkyl, C1-C6-haloalkyl, C1-C6-hydroxyalkyl, C2-C6-alkenyl, C2-C6-halo-alkenyl, C3-C6-cycloalkyl, aryl-C1-C4-alkyl, aryl-C2-C4-alkenyl, aryl or hetaryl, is a single or double bond; X1 and X2 are N, CRx1, NRx2, or CRx3Rx4; Rx1, Rx3 and Rx4 are H, halogen, CN, NO2, C1-C6-alkyl, C1-C6-alkoxy, C1-C6-alkylcarbonyl, etc. or two geminal radicals Rx3 and Rx4 together with the carbon atom to which they are bound may form a carbonyl group or a 3- to 6-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic spiro-annulated ring; Rx2 is hydrogen, C1-C6-alkyl, C1-C6-alkylcarbonyl, C1-C6-haloalkyl, etc.; or two vicinal radicals Rx1, Rx2, Rx3 or Rx4 together with X1 and X2 form a five- or six-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic fused ring; Y1, Y2 and Y3 are N or CRy; Ry is H, halogen, CN, NO2, C1-C6-alkyl, C1-C6-alkoxy, C1-C6-alkylcarbonyl, C1-C6-haloalkyl, etc.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel purinyl derivatives and their use as potassium channel modulating agents. Moreover the invention is directed to pharmaceutical compositions useful for the treatment or alleviation of diseases or disorders associated with the activity of potassium channels.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel purinyl derivatives and their use as potassium channel modulating agents. Moreover the invention is directed to pharmaceutical compositions useful for the treatment or alleviation of diseases or disorders associated with the activity of potassium channels.

Abstract: The invention relates to inhibitors of enzymes that disrupt the assembly and function of the mitotic spindle, compositions comprising the inhibitors of Formula (I), kits and articles of manufacture comprising the inhibitors and inhibitor compositions, and methods of using the inhibitors and inhibitor compositions. The inhibitors and inhibitor compositions are useful for treating, preventing or modulating diseases in which mitotic kinesins, including kinesin-like spindle protein (KSP), may be involved; symptoms of such diseases; or the effect of other physiological events mediated by mitotic kinesins, including KSP.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of the general formula (I): wherein A, B, C and D each independently are a methine group or a nitrogen atom, said methine group optionally having a substituent(s) with at least one of them meaning the methine group; E means a group represented by the following formulae (E1): R1 means a lower alkyl group or an aryl group optionally having a substituent(s) or means a lower alkylene group linked to arbitrary, linkable position(s) of E, and others. The compounds of the present invention are useful as an agent for the treatment of a variety of diseases related to NPY.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides contrast photoacoustic probes, and compositions comprising such probes, designed to non-invasively detect and monitor various disease states, or targets within a subject human or animal. The probes are designed to be optically excited in tissue, ultimately generating thermal energy, which is transformed into acoustic energy by the response of the aqueous environment in the subject to the thermal emissions. The acoustic energy (sound) can then be detected by suitably applied transducers and digitally transformed into images indicating the location of the probe in the subject. One aspect of the disclosure encompasses photoacoustic probes that comprise: a carbon nanotube and a plurality of dye molecules bound to the carbon nanotube. The probes may further comprise a targeting moiety for localizing the probe at the site of a specific target.

Abstract: The invention provides novel mercaptopurine derivatives, e.g., S-allylthio-6-mercaptopurine and S-allylthio-6-mercaptopurine 9-riboside, as well as pharmaceutical compositions thereof. These compounds are highly efficient anti-proliferative agents, thus can be useful for treatment of various diseases or disorders, in particular, proliferative, inflammatory, skin and immune diseases or disorders.