Abstract: An imide compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein Z is a group of the formula: ##STR2## in which the substituents are defined herein, and n is an integer of 0 to 1;D is a group of the formula:--(CH.sub.2).sub.p --A--(CH.sub.2).sub.q --in which A is a non-aromatic hydrocarbon ring optionally bridged with a lower alkylene group or an oxygen atom, said non-aromatic hydrocarbon ring and said lower alkylene group being each optionally substituted with at least one lower alkyl, and p and q are each an integer of 0, 1 or 2; andAr is an aromatic group, a heterocyclic aromatic group, a benzoyl group, a phenoxy group or a phenylthio group and G is >N--, >CH-- or >COH-- or Ar is a biphenylmethylidene group and G is >C.dbd., all of the above groups being each optionally substituted with at least one of lower alkyl, lower alkoxy and halogen; and its acid addition salts, useful as an antipsycotic agent.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention a novel method and composition for using nonionic contrast media to reduce the risk of clot formation in a diagnostic procedure is disclosed. Novel compositions for such method are also disclosed. The present method comprises employing a triiodinated phenyl contrast agent having a heterocyclic group or a dimeric triiodinated phenyl contrast agent having one or more heterocyclic groups.

Abstract: There is disclosed an olefin-substituted compound having the formula:R--(core moiety),wherein R is a straignt chain hydrocarbon having at least one double bond and a carbon chain length of from about 6 to about 18 carbon atoms, wherein multiple double bonds are separated from each other by at least three carbon atoms, wherein the closest double bond to the core moiety is at least five carbon atoms from the core moiety, and wherein the hydrocarbon chain may be substituted by a hydroxyl, halo, keto or dimethylanimo group and/or interrupted by an oxygen atom and salts thereof and pharmaceutical compositions thereof.

Abstract: A process and intermediates for the enantioselective synthesis of 5,10-dideaza-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid are disclosed.

Abstract: This invention provides solution-phase methods for the synthesis of peptidyl argininals and to novel reagents useful therein.

Abstract: Since sulfonamide derivatives of the present invention show strong inhibitory activity against cysteine protease such as calpain papain, cathepsin B, cathepsin H, cathepsin L, they can be used as remedies for muscular dystrophy, cataract, myocardial infarction, stroke, Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophia, osteoporosis, hypercalcemia or the like.

Abstract: A heterocyclic cyclohexanedione derivative represented by the general formula I!: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is optionally substituted lower alkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted phenyl or optionally substituted heterocyclic ring; R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 may be the same or different from one another and each independently represents hydrogen or lower alkyl; R.sup.6 is hydrogen; R.sup.7 is OR.sup.8 wherein R.sup.8 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, aralkyl, lower acyl, alkylsulfonyl or arylsulfonyl; or R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 are combined together to represent a single bond; X is oxygen, sulfur or N--R.sup.9 wherein R.sup.9 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, optionally substituted aralkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted phenyl or optionally substituted heterocyclic ring, a salts thereof, a process for producing the same, and a herbicides comprising the same.

Abstract: Cyclic lactams are prepared by reacting an aminocarboxylic acid compound of the formula IH.sub.2 N--(CH.sub.2).sub.m --COR.sup.1 Iwhere R.sup.1 is --OH, --O--C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 -alkyl or --NR.sup.2 R.sup.3 and R.sup.2 and R.sup.3, independently of one another, are each hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 -alkyl or C.sub.5 -C.sub.8 -cycloalkyl and m is an integer from 3 to 12, with water by a process in which the reaction is carried out in the liquid phase using a heterogeneous catalyst.

Abstract: Disclosed is a novel heterocyclic compound selected from the group consisting of the compounds [IV] to [VII], [IX] and [X]. The heterocyclic compound is useful for reactive materials in chemical industry. A process for producing the heterocyclic compound is also disclosed.

Abstract: Lactams, in particular epsilon-caprolactam (a basic starting material for the production of nylon 6), are selectively prepared by cyclizing/reacting the corresponding aminonitriles with water, in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of a deactivation-resistant solid metal phosphate having the general formula (II):MH.sub.h (PO.sub.4).sub.n .multidot.(Imp).sub.pin which M is a divalent, trivalent, tetravalent or pentavalent element selected from among those of Groups 2a, 3b, 4b, 5b, 6b, 7b, 8, 2b, 3a, 4a and 5a of the Periodic Table, or mixture thereof, or M=0; Imp is a basic impregnating compound which comprises an alkali or alkaline earth metal, or mixture thereof, together with an electrical neutrality-ensuing counteranion therefor; n is 1, 2 or 3; h is 0, 1 or 2; and p is a number ranging from 0 to 1/3, corresponding to the molar ratio between the moiety Imp and the moiety MH.sub.h (PO.sub.4).sub.n.

Abstract: A piperidine derivative such as sufentanil is formed in a process which includes the step of condensing a piperidone with a primary amine so as to form a 4-amino-4-carboxyamino-piperidine.

Abstract: Novel antifungal and antitumor agents having the formula ##STR1## as well as pharmaceutically acceptable salts, esters, amides and pro-drugs thereof, wherein R is selected from the group consisting of ##STR2## Also disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds, and methods of treatment and processes of manufacture relating thereto.

Abstract: Therapeutic compounds have the formula:(X)j-(non-cyclic core moiety),j being an integer from one to three, the core moiety is non-cyclic and X is a racemic mixture, R or S enantiomer, solvate, hydrate, or salt of: ##STR1## *C is a chiral carbon atom, n is an integer from one to four (preferably from one to three), one or more carbon atoms of (CH.sub.2).sub.n may be substituted by a keto or hydroxy group, and m is an integer from one to fourteen. Independently, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 may be a hydrogen, a straight or branched chain alkane or alkene of up to twelve carbon atoms in length, or --(CH.sub.2).sub.w R.sub.5, w being an integer from two to fourteen and R.sub.5 being a mono-, di- or tri-substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, substituents on R.sub.5 being hydroxy, chloro, fluoro, bromo, or C.sub.1-6 alkoxy. Or jointly, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 form a substituted or unsubstituted, saturated or unsaturated heterocyclic group having from four to eight carbon atoms, N being a hetero atom. R.sub.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of 1,3- and 1,5-dialkylpiperidone-2 by reacting 2-methylglutaronitrile with a primary alkylamine in the presence of hydrogen, water, and a hydrogenation catalyst.

Abstract: Broad spectrum glycosidase inhibitors are produced from monosaccharide lactams by conversion to amidines, amidrazones, or amidoximes. The inhibitors have the general formula: ##STR1## wherein the N and C are joined as part of a monosaccharide azaanalog ring and wherein --NRQ, together with the nitrogen and carbon atoms, form a chemical group selected from amidines, amidrazones, and amidoximes.

Abstract: Pyridine and pyridine N-oxide derivatives of diaryl methyl piperidines or piperazines and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof are disclosed, which possess anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory activity. Pharmaceutical compositions containing and methods of using the compounds are also described.

Abstract: Provided is a long chain carboxylic acid imide ester (I) represented by the following general formula (I) ##STR1## wherein W is a divalent long chain hydrocarbon group which may optionally be interrupted by one or more groups each independently selected from the group consisting of an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, and a group of --N(R.sup.1)-- (R.sup.1 being a lower alkyl group) and X represents a divalent hydrocarbon group which may optionally be substituted, or salts thereof. The above long chain carboxylic acid imide ester or its salts is useful for modifying enzymes or proteins having biological activities to give their derivatives which have, while retaining most of the original biological activities, an extremely prolonged plasma half-life as compared with the proteins and have no antigenecities and can be administered to animals.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine by heterogeneous catalytic hydrogenation of 4-oxo-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine in a melt or solution at temperatures of 60.degree. C. to 200.degree. C. and hydrogen pressures of 10 to 300 bar, in the presence of a catalyst comprisingfrom 20 to 68% by weight of copper,from 0 to 40% by weight of chromium,from 0 to 60% by weight of zinc,from 0 to 5% by weight of manganese,from 0 to 12% by weight of barium,from 0 to 15% by weight of silicon, andfrom 0 to 10% by weight of nickel,in each case based on the oxidic catalyst mass, and in which the catalyst is activated by hydrogen or a hydrogen-containing gas mixture, and separating the 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine from the catalyst.

Abstract: A solvent for producing emulsifiable concentrates from agriculturally active chemicals which are insoluble in water comprises an alkoxyalkyl lactam such as butoxy propyl pyrrolidone. An agriculturally active chemical and the alkoxyalkyl lactam are admixed optionally with co-solvents, emulsifiers and surfactants to produce a stable emulsifiable concentrate. The concentrate is dilutable with water at the point of use to produce either macro or micro emulsions which are themselves stable to assure even application.

Abstract: This invention relates to hydrolysis resistant, water-soluble ammonium salt solids which are biologically active and which are described by the formula ##STR1## wherein m has a value of from 1 to 3; n has a value of from 1 to 4 and is equal to the free valences in anion R; p has a value of from 1 to 3; R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are each independently selected from the group of hydrogen, and C.sub.1 to C.sub.2 alkyl; R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 are each independently selected from the group of hydrogen, hydroxyalkyl and alkoxyalkyl radicals having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms and R is the anion of a biologically active, water-insoluble anion having at least 1 deprotonized hydrogen and is derived from a biologically active, acidic, organic compound selected from the group of a carboxylic, thiocarbonic, sulfonic, sulfinic, thiosulfonic, thioacid, mono- and di-thiophosphate and phosphorous containing acid, having a pKa* value less than 5.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel methods for the release of nucleic acids from cells in complex biological samples or specimens to prepare and make available the nucleic acid material present for a hybridization assay or for extraction. Novel methods for hybridization of nucleic acids are also presented. In particular methods are described for isolating nucleic acid from a sample containing a complex biological mixture of nucleic acid and non-nucleic acids wherein the sample is combined with a hybridization medium comprising a lactam which promotes and enables nucleic acid pairing when complementary nucleic acid is introduced. The lactam is preferably about 5 to about 70% of the hybridization medium and is most preferably 2-pyrrolidone, N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-cyclohexyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-dodecyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-hydroxyethyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-methyl-2-piperidone, 2-.epsilon.-caprolactam, N-methyl-2-caprolactam, 2-piperidone or N-(4-hydroxybenzyl)pyrrolidone.

Abstract: A process for producing an azacycloalkane derivative represented by the following general formula (II): ##STR1## wherein m is an integer of from 1 to 3, n.sub.2 is an integer of from 2 to 10, andR represents an alkyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms,characterized by reacting a 1-(n-alkenyl)-azacycloalkan-2-one represented by the following general formula (I): ##STR2## wherein m is an integer of from 1 to 3, and n.sub.1 is an integer of from 0 to 8,with an alkyl mercaptan in the presence of a radical initiator in an organic solvent, treating the reaction mixture thus obtained with a reducing agent in a water-containing organic solvent, and then purifying the treated mixture by distillation.

Abstract: The process involves ring opening and ring closure of compounds containing a tetrahydrofuroyl group ##STR1## to provide facile synthesis of compounds containing a piperidin-2-one group of the formula ##STR2##

Abstract: The present invention is directed to the use of cyclic amide alkoxylate compounds as additives in fuel compositions having a major amount of a mixture of hydrocarbons in the gasoline boiling range and a minor amount of one or more cyclic amide alkoxylate compounds of the formula: ##STR1## wherein x is from 2 to 20 and y is from 1 to 50. R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl of 1 to 100 carbon atoms or substituted hydrocarbyl of 1 to 100 carbon atoms. R.sub.3 is hydrocarbyl of 1 to 100 carbon atoms or substituted hydrocarbyl of 1 to 100 carbon atoms and R.sub.4 is independently hydrocarbyl of 2 to 100 carbon atoms or substituted hydrocarbyl of 2 to 100 carbon atoms. R.sub.5 is hydrogen, hydrocarbyl of 1 to 100 carbon atoms, or substituted hydrocarbyl of 1 to 100 carbon atoms or acyl of 1 to 20 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A solvent soluble heterocyclic o-hydroxy thione carrying a lipophilic group and the process for the selective extraction of gallium, and certain other related metals, especially from solutions containing excess aluminium.

Abstract: Poly(ethylene glycol)-N-succinimide carbonate and its preparation are disclosed. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is converted into its N-succinimide carbonate derivative. This form of the polymer reacts readily with amino groups of proteins in aqueous buffers. The modified proteins have PEG-chains grafted onto the polypeptide backbone by means of stable, hydrolysis-resistant urethane (carbamate) linkages.

Abstract: Pharmaceutically useful nitrogen containing cyclic oxime and amine substituted compounds of the following general Formulas I, II and III are disclosed: ##STR1## Specifically the compounds are azabicyclo [2.2.1] omimes, azabicyclo [2.2.2] oximes, azabicyclo [2.2.1] amines, azabicyclo [2.2.2] amines, azabicyclo [3.2.1] oximes and amine containing heterocyclic oximes wherein the heterocyclic ring contains from 4 to 5 [3 to 7] carbon atoms.

Abstract: Novel nonionic contrast agents of the formula ##STR1## or dimers of the formula ##STR2## are disclosed where X, Z and R.sub.1 -R.sub.5 are as defined herein.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of N-substituted lactams of the formula I ##STR1## where Z is C.sub.2 - to C.sub.10 -alkylene, C.sub.7 - to C.sub.12 -aralkylene, phenylene or naphthylene, andR.sup.1 is C.sub.1 - to C.sub.20 -alkyl, C.sub.6 - to C.sub.10 -aryl or C.sub.7 - to C.sub.12 -aralkyl,by hydrogenating a compound of the formula II ##STR2## where W is C.sub.2 - to C.sub.10 -alkylene, C.sub.2 - to C.sub.10 -alkenylene, C.sub.7 - to C.sub.12 -aralkylene, phenylene or naphthylene, andX and Y together form an oxa or imido bridge of the formula ##STR3## or alternatively are identical or different and are hydroxyl, C.sub.1 - to C.sub.20 -alkoxy, C.sub.6 - to C.sub.10 -aryloxy or C.sub.7 - to C.sub.12 -aralkoxy, and, if X and Y are different, Y, in addition to the abovementioned meanings, may also be hydrogen,at superatmospheric pressure and at elevated temperature in the presence of a catalyst and in the presence of an amine, which comprises using a secondary and/or tertiary amine of the formula IIINH.sub.n R.

Abstract: An optically active N-(meth)acryloyl amino acid amide of the formula ##STR1## in which R is hydrogen or methyl,R.sub.1 represents an optionally substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, aralkyl, aryl or heteroaryl radical,R.sub.3 represents hydrogen or denotes together with R.sub.1 a tri- or tetramethylene group;X denotes oxygen or a NR.sub.4 -group wherein R.sub.4 represents hydrogen or alkyl or denotes together with R.sub.2 and the nitrogen atom a 5- to 7-membered ring which ring is optionally substituted by the group COO-alkyl (1-6 carbon atoms) or by one or two alkyl radicals (1-4 carbon atoms) andR.sub.2 denotes a strongly space-filling hydrocarbon radical.The amide is polymerized and optionally bound to a support such as silica, and can then be used for the chromatographic separation of racemic mixtures of pharmacologically active compounds.

Abstract: A novel, one component self-crosslinking resin and a process for its preparation are provided. The resin is the copolymer of:(I) N-hydroxysuccinimide-blocked meta-isopropenylalpha, alpha-dimethylbenzyl isocyanate;(II) a hydroxy group-containing ethylenically unsaturated monomer such as hydroxyethyl acrylate; and(III) optionally, an ethylenically unsaturated monomer free of hydroxy groups such as methylmethacrylate or butyl acrylate.The copolymers are useful as thermally stable fast curing one component resins for paint, and produce, upon heat curing, films and objects with good hardness and solvent resistance.

Abstract: Nojirimycin .delta.-lactam and deoxynojirimycin are each synthesized from 5,6-anhydro-3-O-benzyl-1,2-O-isopropylidene-L-idofuranose as a divergent intermediate by a method which comprises formation of the piperidine ring by connection of nitrogen between C-1 and C-5 with inversion of configuration at C-5 to form nojirimycin .delta.-lactam or between C-2 and C-6 with inversion of configuration at C-2.

Abstract: An ethylamine derivative of formula (I): ##STR1## wherein A represents a carbon atom or a nitrogen atom;B represents a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl or aryl group;C represents hydrogen, alkyl, aralkyl, or aryl, each of which may optionally be substituted orC may optionally be bonded to A to form an alkylene bridge which is optionally substituted,Q represents a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, said group optionally being substituted by hetero atom(s) or substituent(s) optionally containing hetero atom(s); andX represents an alkylene bridge having from 2 to 20 carbon atoms and is optionally substituted with groups which include hetero atoms with the non-hetero atom substituents optionally containing hetero atoms.

Abstract: Broad spectrum glycosidase inhibitors are produced from monosaccharide lactams by conversion to amidines, amidrazones, or amidoximes. The inhibitors have the general formula: ##STR1## wherein the N and C are joined as part of a monosaccharide azaanalog ring and wherein --NRQ, together with the nitrogen and carbon atoms, form a chemical group selected from amidines, amidrazones, and amidoximes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to intermediates useful in the process for the preparation of a compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.2a is hydrogen or loweralkyl, R.sub.2b is hydrogen, loweralkyl, cycloalkyl or phenyl and R.sub.1 is loweralkyl, cycloalky, cycloalkylalkyl, phenyl or benzyl. These intermediates are compounds of the formula: ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2a and R.sub.2b are defined as above.

Abstract: A method for preparing a lactam, which comprises subjecting a cycloalkanone oxime to a Beckmann rearrangement reaction in a gas phase in the presence of a carrier-supported catalyst containing tantalum, wherein the carrier-supported catalyst is the one prepared by contacting an organic compound containing tantalum to a silica carrier having pores with pore diameters of from to 150,000 .ANG. wherein the pore volume of pores with pore diameters of from 40 to 2,000 .ANG. is at least 80% of the total pore volume of pores with pore diameters of from 40 to 150,000 .ANG..

Abstract: This invention provides compositions comprising a physiologically-active agent and a compound having the structural formula ##STR1## wherein X may represent sulfur or two hydrogen atoms; R' is H or a lower alkyl group having 1-4 carbon atoms; m is 2-6; n is 0-18 and R is --CH.sub.3, ##STR2## wherein R'' is H or halogen, in an amount effective to enhance the penetration of the physiologically-active agent through the skin or other membrane of the body of an animal.

Abstract: Compounds of general formula: ##STR1## in which A and R are defined in the description.

Abstract: Heterocyclic (poly)peroxycarboxylic acids having a N-amidic heteroatom, which have the formula:R--(CH.sub.2).sub.m --R' (I)wherein:R and R', alike or different from each other, represent hydrogen atoms or a group: ##STR1## with the proviso that at least one of R and R' shall be different from H, and wherein the other symbols have the following meaning:R" represents a hydrogen atom or any other substituent non-reactive in the presence of the active oxygen of the peroxycarboxylic group and/or under the preparation conditions;m represents a number between 1 to 12;n represents a number selected from 0, 1 and 2;p represents a number between 1 and 3;their process of preparation and their use as bleaching agents.

Abstract: Phenylcarboxylic acid derivatives having a hetero ring in the substituent of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is halogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, phenoxy which has a substituent selected from halogen and alkyl, carboxyl, alkylsulfonyloxy, phenylsulfonyloxy optionally substituted by halogen, alkylsulfonyloxyalkoxy, amino, alkanoylamino, benzoylamino, alkenyloxy, phenylalkoxyalkoxy, hydroxyalkoxy, phenylalkoxy having optionally 1 to 3 substituents selected from halogen, alkyl and alkoxy, halogenoalkyl, cycloalkyloxy optionally substituted by hydroxy, alkoxy substituted by cycloalkyl having optionally hydroxy substituent, imidazolylalkyl or imidazolylalkoxy; k is 0 or 1 to 3; or (R.sup.1).sub.k is alkylenedioxy; A is alkylene or alkylenoxy; l is 0 or 1; B is methylene or carbonyl; m is 0 or 1; D is alkylene; E is alkylene or alkenylene; n is 0 or 1; and R.sup.

Abstract: Novel terpene amino alcohols having an antiallergic activity or an activity of improving cerebral function are provided. Also provided are medicinal uses of the alcohols.

Abstract: A method for producing a cyclic alkyleneimine, which comprises reacting a cyclic ether with a compound of the formula NH.sub.2 R wherein R is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, in a vapor phase in the presence of a solid acid catalyst, wherein the reaction is conducted under a pressure of at least 0.5 kg/cm.sup.2 G as the total pressure of partial pressures of the reactants and the reaction product.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel methods for the extraction of nucleic acid. In particular methods are described for isolating nucleic acid from a sample containing a complex biological mixture of nucleic acid and non-nucleic acids wherein the sample is combined with an extraction solution comprising a lactam and then the nucleic acid material is isolated from the resulting combined solution. The resulting combined solution is mixed and becomes biphasic and the nucleic acid material is isolated from the aqueous phase by precipitation with ethanol. The lactam is preferably about 5 to about 70% of the extraction solution and is most preferably 2-pyrrolidone, N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-cyclohexyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-dodecyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-hydroxyethyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-methyl-2-piperidone, 2-.epsilon.-caprolactam, N-methyl-2-caprolactam, 2-piperidone or N-(4-hydroxybenzyl)pyrrolidone. Methods for selectively isolating DNA, ribosomal RNA and plasmid DNA are also disclosed.

Abstract: Poly(ethylene glycol)-N-succinimide carbonate and its preparation are disclosed. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is converted into its N-succinimide carbonate derivative. This form of the polymer reacts readily with amino groups of proteins in aqueous buffers. The modified proteins have PEG-chains grafted onto the polypeptide backbone by means of stable, hydrolysis-resistant urethane (carbamate) linkages.

Abstract: The invention describes a method of synthesizing a compound of the formula ##STR1## in which X=O or NR,Z=an electron-attracting group,R=H, CN or NO.sub.2,R.sub.1 +R.sub.2 +N--C.dbd.X=a 5-membered or 6-membered heterocycle, andR.sub.3 =H, R.sub.4 =OH or R.sub.3 +R.sub.4 =a bond,said method involving intermediates of the formula ##STR2## in which R.sub.5 =H, Br or N(R.sub.1)CXR.sub.2. This method of synthesis does not involve the epoxide derivative of the chroman.The novel compounds of formula (IX) form a further subject of the invention.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel methods for the release of nucleic acids from cells in complex biological samples or specimens to prepare and make available the nucleic acid material present for a hybridization assay or for extraction. Novel methods for hybridization of nucleic acids are also presented. In particular methods are described for isolating nucleic acid from a sample containing a complex biological mixture of nucleic acid and non-nucleic acids wherein the sample is combined with a hybridization medium comprising a lactam which promotes and enables nucleic acid pairing when complementary nucleic acid is introduced. The lactam is preferably about 5 to about 70% of the hybridization medium and is most preferably 2-pyrrolidone, N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-cyclohexyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-dodecyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-hydroxyethyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-methyl-2-piperidone, 2-.epsilon.-caprolactam, N-methyl-2-caprolactam, 2-piperidone or N-(4-hydroxybenzyl)pyrrolidone.

Abstract: The invention relates to properties and uses of N-hydrocarbon substituted lactams, particularly N-alkyl substituted lactams having the formula ##STR1## wherein R' is a hydrophobic radical such as linear or branched chain alkyl group containing from 8 to 27 carbon atoms, most preferably micelle forming pyrrolidones having 12 to 16 carbon atoms in the R' group. The invention particularly relates to the uses of the N-hydrocarbon substituted lactams which involve surfactant properties, such as solubility, wetting, viscosity building, emulsifying and/or complexing properties.

Abstract: A process for the condensation of imides and alcohols or amines to ester acyl lactams, ester amide acyl lactams or amide acyl lactams by reacting a polyol or polyamine in the liquid phase with an acyl lactam compound is disclosed.

Abstract: Described herein is a process for preparation of substituted piperidine dicarbothioate compounds.

Abstract: A group of five- and six-membered heterocyclic compounds having a nitrogen in the ring and 2 to 3 hydroxyl substituents on the ring are effective inhibitory agents of human immunodeficiency virus.