Abstract: 14-O—[(((C1-6)Alkoxy-(C1-6)alkyl)-phenylsulfanyl)-acetyl]-mutilins, 14-O—[(((C1-6)Mono- or dialkylamino-(C1-6)alkyl)-phenylsulfanyl)-acetyl]-mutilins, 14-O-[((Hydroxy-(C1-6)-alkyl)-phenylsulfanyl)-acetyl]-mutilins, 14-O-[((Formyl-(C0-5)-alkyl)-phenylsulfanyl)-acetyl]-mutilins, 14-O-[((Guanidino-imino-(C1-6)alkyl)-phenylsulfanyl)-acetyl]-mutilins, 14-O-[((Ureido-imino-(C1-6)alkyl)-phenylsulfanyl)-acetyl]-mutilins, 14-O-[((Thioureido-imino-(C1-6)alkyl)-phenylsulfanyl)-acetyl]-mutilins, 14-O-[((Isothioureido-imino-(C1-6)alkyl)-phenylsulfanyl)-acetyl]-mutilins and their use as pharmaceuticals.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel therapeutic compounds of formula (I) wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of C2-8alkyl, R2 is a methyl group, R3 is independently selected from the group consisting of H and C1-8alkyl, R4 is independently selected from the group consisting of C1-8alkyl or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, pharmaceutical compositions containing the same, the compounds for use as medicaments, and use of the compounds for the manufacture of specific medicaments. The present invention also concerns a method of treatment involving administration of the compounds. The novel compounds are useful for the treatment of age-related disorders accompanied with dysfunctional insulin receptor signaling.

Abstract: A method for the inhibition of the binding of ?4?1 integrin to its receptors, for example VCAM-1 (vascular cell adhesion molecule-1) and fibronectin; compounds that inhibit this binding; pharmaceutically active compositions comprising such compounds; and to the use of such compounds either a above, or in formulations for the control or prevention of diseases states in which ?4?1 is involved.

Abstract: A process for benzylating an alcohol includes mixing 2-benzyloxy-1-methylpyridinium triflate in an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent having a predetermined boiling point; adding an acid scavenger to the mixture; combining the alcohol to be benzylated with the mixture; reacting the alcohol with the 2-benzyloxy-1-methylpyridinium triflate by heating above ambient temperature to generate the benzylated alcohol; and separating the benzylated alcohol from the mixture.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods of modulating a stress activated protein kinase (SAPK) system with an active compound, wherein the active compound exhibits low potency for inhibition of at least one p38 MAPK; and wherein the contacting is conducted at a SAPK-modulating concentration that is at a low percentage inhibitory concentration for inhibition of the at least one p38 MAPK by the compound. Also disclosed are derivatives of pirfenidone. These derivatives can modulate a stress activated protein kinase (SAPK) system.

Abstract: Compounds incorporating aryl substituted olefinic amine are provided. Representative compounds are (4E)-N-methyl-5-(3-pyridyl)-4-penten-2-amine, (4E)-N-methyl-5-(5-pyrimidinyl)-4-penten-2-amine, (4E)-N-methyl-5-(5-methoxy-3-pyridyl)-4-penten-2-amine, (4E)-N-methyl-5-(6-amino-5-methyl-3-pyridyl)-4-penten-2-amine, (2R)-(4E)-N-methyl-5-(3-pyridyl)-4-penten-2-amine, (2R)-(4E)-N-methyl-5-(5-isopropoxy-3-pyridyl)-4-penten-2-amine, (4E)-N-methyl-5-(5-bromo-3-pyridyl)-4-penten-2-amine, (4E)-N-methyl-5-(5-ethoxy-3-pyridyl)-4-penten-2-amine, (2S)-(4E)-N-methyl-5-(3-pyridyl)-4-penten-2-amine, (4E)-N-methyl-5-(5-isopropoxy-3-pyridyl)-4-penten-2-amine and (2S)-(4E)-N-methyl-5-(5-isopropoxy-3-pyridyl)-4-penten-2-amine.

Abstract: A pyridone derivative represented by Formula [1] or an agriculturally acceptable salt thereof: wherein R1 is a C1-6 alkyl group, a C2-6 alkenyl group, a C2-6 alkynyl group, or the like; R2 and R3 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a nitro group, a cyano group, or the like; and A is a group represented by Formula A-1, Formula A-2, Formula A-3, Formula A-4, or Formula A-5: The compounds represented by general formula [1] control various weeds growing in upland fields, orchards, paddy fields, and non-crop lands while showing high safety to useful plants and crops.

Abstract: The present invention relates to metalloprotein inhibitors comprising: a. an organic substituent and at least one zinc binding group (ZBG) covalently attached thereto; or b. a ZBG substituted by a side chain wherein the ZBG is of formula (I): wherein X is O or S and each R1, R2, R3, and R4 is individually hydrogen or an organic radical. The metalloprotein inhibitors are useful for preventing or treating a pathological disease, condition, or symptom that is associated with pathological metalloprotein activity and/or that is alleviated by inhibition of said activity.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing injectable medicament preparations containing a therapeutically and/or diagnostically effective substance which is comprised of an active agent, of a spacer molecule and of at least one protein-binding molecule. After being brought into contact with the body, said therapeutically and/or diagnostically effective substance covalently bonds to the body fluid constituents or tissue constituents via the protein-binding molecule, thus providing a form of transport of the active agent that an be hydrolytically or enzymatically cleaved, according to pH, in the body while releasing the active agent.

Abstract: Disclosed are 3-heterocyclyl substituted benzoic acid derivatives of general formula (I), in which the variables R1 to R8 and X have the meanings indicated in claim 1, and the use thereof as herbicides or for desiccating/defoliating plants.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of optionally substituted heteroaryl aryl ethers, in particular of phenoxypyridines.

Abstract: Compounds incorporating aryl substituted olefinic amine are provided. Representative compounds are (4E)-N-methyl-5-(3-pyridyl)-4-penten-2-amine, (4E)-N-methyl-5-(5-pyrimidinyl)-4-penten-2-amine, (4E)-N-methyl-5-(5-methoxy-3-pyridyl)-4-penten-2-amine, (4E)-N-methyl-5-(6-amino-5-methyl-3-pyridyl)-4-penten-2-amine, (2R)-(4E)-N-methyl-5-(3-pyridyl)-4-penten-2-amine, (2R)-(4E)-N-methyl-5-(5-isopropoxy-3-pyridyl)-4-penten-2-amine, (4E)-N-methyl-5-(5-bromo-3-pyridyl)-4-penten-2-amine, (4E)-N-methyl-5-(5-ethoxy-3-pyridyl)-4-penten-2-amine, (2S)-(4E)-N-methyl-5-(3-pyridyl)-4-penten-2-amine, (4E)-N-methyl-5-(5-isopropoxy-3-pyridyl)-4-penten-2-amine and (2S)-(4E)-N-methyl-5-(5-isopropoxy-3-pyridyl)-4-penten-2-amine.

Abstract: Disclosed are compounds of Formula 1, including all geometric and stereoisomers, N-oxides, and salts thereof, wherein R1, R2, R3, R4 and n are as defined in the disclosure. Also disclosed are compositions containing the compounds of Formula 1 and methods for controlling plant disease caused by a fungal pathogen comprising applying an effective amount of a compound or a composition of the invention.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide a method of using Schwartz Reagent, Cp2Zr(H)Cl, without accumulating or isolating it. Methods provide mixtures of Cp2ZrCl2, reductants that selectively reduce Cp2ZrCl2, and substrates. After reaction of Cp2ZrCl2 and the reductant, an intermediate reduction product is formed, apparently Schwartz Reagent. The in situ Schwartz Reagent then selectively reduces certain functional groups on the substrate. Substrates include tertiary amides, tertiary benzamides, aryl O-carbamates, and heteroaryl N-carbamates, which are reduced to aldehydes, benzaldehydes, aromatic alcohols, and heteroaromatics, respectively. Compared to prior methods, reagents are inexpensive and stable, reaction times are short, and reaction temperature in certain cases is conveniently room temperature. It has been estimated that using the in situ method described herein instead of synthesized or commercially obtained Schwartz Reagent provides a 50% reduction in cost.

Abstract: The present invention relates to derivatives of aroyl-O-piperidine structure of the general formula (I): in which R1, R2, R3 and R4 are as defined in the description. Application of the compounds of the formula (I) to the treatment of hyper-triglyceridaemia, hypercholesterolaemia and dyslipidaemia, and to the prevention or treatment of obesity.

Abstract: A method in which a pyridinium derivative such as 1,3-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-2-oxopyrimidinium chloride is reacted with an acetyl compound such as 4-acetylpyridine, and then the reaction product is reacted with ammonia or an ammonium salt.

Abstract: Provided is an antiviral agent with high antiviral activities and low side effects (cytotoxicity). Specifically provided is an antiviral agent comprising as an effective component at least one member selected from the group consisting of 5,7,4?-trihydroxy-3?,5?-dimethoxyflavone, 3-hydroxypyridine, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde and vanillin.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to compounds having the formula and methods for using them for the treatment of cancer.

Abstract: Diaryl ethers in which one of the aryl groups is a phenyl fused to a cycloalkyl or heterocyclic ring, to which is attached an acetic acid group, are agonists of G-protein coupled receptor 40 (GPR40) and are useful as therapeutic compounds, particularly in the treatment of Type 2 diabetes mellitus, and of conditions that often accompany this disease, including insulin resistance, obesity and lipid disorders.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of formula (I) in which R is selected from halogen, alkyl, alkoxy, aryl and heteroaryl; R1 is selected from 2-hydroxyethyl, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl, 3-hydroxypropyl, 2,2-dihydroxyethyl, 3,3-dihydroxypropyl, 1,3-dioxolane-ethyl, 1,3-dioxane-methyl, 1,3-dioxolane-methyl, 1,3-dioxane-ethyl, 3-fluoro-2-hydroxypropyl, 3-car-boxy-2-hydroxy-propyl, 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl, 2-hydroxypropyl, 2-hydroxy-propen-2-yl, morpholinoethyl, piperazinoethyl, hydroxymethyl, benzyl, 4-(hydroxymethyl)benzyl, 4-chlorobenzyl, 4-fluorobenzyl, and 4-hydroxybenzyl.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of formula (I) wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, m, n, p and s are as defined in the description and claims, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. The compounds are useful for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of diseases that are associated with the activation of the glycogen synthase enzyme, such as diabetes.

Abstract: An arylamidine derivative represented by the general formula (wherein R1 represents optionally protected or substituted amidino; and R2 and R3 are the same or different and each represents hydrogen or halogeno) or a salt of the derivative. The derivative and salt have potent activity against fungi including ones having tolerance to azole type drugs and further have high safety and excellent properties in a repeated dose toxicity test. They are hence useful as an excellent antifungal.

Abstract: The present invention provides a compound of formula (I) or its salts or pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives thereof wherein; X1 is selected from a group consisting of CH2, C(?O), C(?NH), NC(?O), R1 is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted arylalkyl, and optionally substituted heteroarylalkyl R2 is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted aryl or heteroaryl or NR24R25 R3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted amino, optionally substituted amino sulfonyl or nitrile; R4 is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted heterocycloalkyl, optionally substituted acyl, optionally substituted sulfonyl, optionally substituted sulfamoyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted arylalkyl, and optionally substituted heteroaryl R5 may be hydrogen, an o

Abstract: Process for the preparation of substituted pyridine derivatives of formula (I) comprising reaction of a ?-?-unsaturated carbonyl compound of formula (II) R3—C(O)—C(R1)?C(R2)-G with a Wittig reagent or Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reagent in the presence of a base and optionally subsequent cyclization.

Abstract: This invention relates to urea compounds containing a pyridine, quinoline, or isoquinoline functionality which is oxidized at the nitrogen heteroatom and which are useful in the treatment of (i) raf mediated diseases, for example, cancer, (ii) p38 mediated diseases such as inflammation and osteoporosis, and (iii) VEGF mediated diseases such as angogenesis disorders.

Abstract: The present invention relates to aniline derivatives of formula I: wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, Z and q are as defined herein; or salts thereof and their use.

Abstract: The invention includes methods of processing an initial di-carbonyl compound by conversion to a cyclic compound. The cyclic compound is reacted with an alkylating agent to form a derivative having an alkylated ring nitrogen. The invention encompasses a method of producing an N-alkyl product. Ammonia content of a solution is adjusted to produce a ratio of ammonia to di-carboxylate compound of from about 1:1 to about 1.5:1. An alkylating agent is added and the initial compound is alkylated and cyclized. The invention includes methods of making N-methyl pyrrolidinone (NMP). Aqueous ammonia and succinate is introduced into a vessel and ammonia is adjusted to provide a ratio of ammonia to succinate of less than 2:1. A methylating agent is reacted with succinate at a temperature of from greater than 100° C. to about 400° C. to produce N-methyl succinimide which is purified and hydrogenated to form NMP.

Abstract: Compounds of the invention, such as compounds of formula (I): where n, m, A, B, R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 are defined herein, are useful as modulators of the activity of liver X receptors. Pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds and methods of using the compounds are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention is directed towards the synthesis of novel and new chloropyridine skeleton based compounds and these are Bayllis Hillman adducts having a remarkable in vitro anti-malarial activity. These compounds have been found to possess anti-malarial activity against chloroquine sensitive and chloroquine resistant Plasmodium falciparum. The anti-malarial compounds of the present invention inhibit the mature schizonts in vitro.

Abstract: A compound of formula (I): or a salt, or chemically protected form thereof, wherein: R5 is an optionally substituted phenyl; A is ?wherein Q is N; R3 is selected from H, F, Cl and optionally substituted C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxy, C5-7 aryl, and C5-7 aryl-C1-4 alkyl groups; R4 is selected from H, F, Cl and optionally substituted C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxy, C5-7 aryl, and C5-7 aryl-C1-4 alkyl groups; R6 is selected from H, F, Cl, and optionally substituted C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 alkoxy, C5-7 aryl, and C5-7 aryl-C1-4 alkyl groups; D is selected from: B is selected from the group consisting of: Where RN? is selected from H and C1-4 alkyl; where one of RP3 and RP4 is —Cm-alkylene-R2 and the other of RP3 and RP4 is H, m and n can be 0 or 1, and m+n=1 or 2; and additionally, when RP3 is —Cm-alkylene-R2, m can also be 2 or 3, and m+n=1, 2, 3 or 4, and when R2 is tetrazol-5-yl, m+n may be 0; or where one of RP3 and RP4 is —O—CH2—R2, and the other of RP3 and RP4 is H, n is 0; RN is H or optional

Abstract: The present invention relates to heterocyclyl-substituted-tetrahydro-naphthalen compounds of general formula (I), methods for their preparation, and compositions comprising these compounds as well as their use for the treatment or prophylaxis of various disorders in humans or animals.

Abstract: Compounds having the formula I wherein R1, R2, R3, R4a, R4b, R4c, R5, R6, R9 and n are as defined herein are Hepatitis C virus NS5b polymerase inhibitors. Also disclosed are compositions and methods for treating an HCV infection and inhibiting HCV replication.

Abstract: Substituted alkylmetal reagents such as (trimethylsilylmethyl)lithium are reacted with pyridinic compounds to produce functionalized pyridinic compounds.

Abstract: Disclosed are compounds and methods for treating inflammatory and fibrotic disorders, including methods of modulating a stress activated protein kinase (SAPK) system with an active compound, wherein the active compound exhibits low potency for inhibition of the p38 MAPK; and wherein the contacting is conducted at a SAPK-modulating concentration that is at a low percentage inhibitory concentration for inhibition of the p38 MAPK by the compound. Also disclosed are derivatives and analogs of pirfenidone, useful for modulating a stress activated protein kinase (SAPK) system.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a practical process for the preparation of an enamide (II) by palladium catalyzed coupling of a primary amide (IV) with a compound of structural formula (III), as shown below: As well as to crystalline forms of a compound produced by this process, in particular, an anhydrous crystal form, Form B, and crystalline solvates falling into three patterns, Type 1, Type 2, and Type 3, and crystalline intermediate compounds produced in the process. Still further, the present invention relates to the stereoselective reduction of the tetrasubstituted enamide (II) to the corresponding amide (I).

Abstract: Disclosed are compounds Formula I and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein R1, R2, R3/R4, and R5 are defined herein. These compounds are useful for treating diseases and conditions caused or exacerbated by unregulated p38 MAP Kinase and/or TNF activity. Pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds, methods of preparing the compounds and methods of treatment using the compounds are also disclosed.

Abstract: 3-Chloro-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl-5-[4-({4-[(trifluoromethyl)oxy]phenyl}oxy)phenyl]-4(1H)-pyridinone, having the following formula: is described along with its pharmaceutically acceptable salts, processes for its preparation, pharmaceutical formulations thereof and its uses in treatment of certain parasitic infections such as malaria.

Abstract: The present invention relates to metalloprotein inhibitors comprising: a. an organic substituent and at least one zinc binding group (ZBG) covalently attached thereto; or b. a ZBG substituted by a side chain wherein the ZBG is of formula (I): wherein X is O or S and each R1, R2, R3, and R4 is individually hydrogen or an organic radical. The metalloprotein inhibitors are useful for preventing or treating a pathological disease, condition, or symptom that is associated with pathological metalloprotein activity and/or that is alleviated by inhibition of said activity.

Abstract: The invention is concerned with novel dicarboxamide derivatives of formula (I) wherein A, B, Rc, D and E are as defined in the description and in the claims, as well as physiologically acceptable salts thereof. These compounds inhibit the coagulation factor Xa and can be used as medicaments.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate or stereoisomer thereof, which is useful in treating or preventing disorders mediated by a peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR), such as syndrome X, type II diabetes, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, obesity, coagaulopathy, hypertension, arteriosclerosis, and other disorders related to syndrome X and cardiovascular diseases.

Abstract: The present invention discloses 5-methyl-1-(substituted phenyl)-2(1H)-pyridones have enhanced anti-fibrotic activities than 5-methyl-1-(non-substituted phenyl)-2(1H)-pyridones. An representative example of 5-methyl-(1-substituted phenyl)-2(1H)-pyridones is 1-(3?-fluorophenyl)-5-methyl-2(1H)-pyridone. Accordingly, there are provided compositions comprising one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of 5-methyl-1-(substituted phenyl)-2(1H)-pyridones and methods of using the same to treat or prevent fibrosis diseases.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methylene urea derivatives of formula (I), the use of the compounds of formula (I) as inhibitors of raf-kinase, the use of the compounds of formula (I) for the manufacture of a pharmaceutical composition and a method of treatment, comprising administering said pharmaceutical composition to a patient.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof: wherein A, B, Z, R1, R2a, R2b, R8, R9, and Rx are as defined in the specification, a process for the preparation of such compounds, pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds and the use of such compounds in medicine.

Abstract: The invention relates to the field of medicine, namely to new biologically active compounds, particularly to 2,4,6-trimethyl-3-hydroxypyridine derivatives and salts thereof (compound 1) having antioxidant, geroprotective and anti-ischemic action. The salts of compound (1) are prepared by reacting equimolecular quantities of 2,4,6-trimethyl-3-hydroxypyridine and dicarboxylic in solution of a lower alcohol at a temperature of 60-100° C. with following treatment of the reaction mass with an organic solvent and maintaining for 2-5 h at 10-15 ° C.

Abstract: A topical composition for treating nail fungal infections that utilizes an acidic antifungal agent with a molecular weight no greater than 170 Daltons in a formulation having a pH less than or equal to the pKa of the acidic antifungal agent plus one. Possible antifungal agents include omadine, octanoic acid, sorbic acid, hexanoic acid, and benzoic acid. The antifungal agent can be combined with a delivery system such as a lacquer, a gel, a patch, or a hydrating system. A second therapeutic agent such as a 5-fluorocystine or terbinafine can be included.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel compound having an excellent AMPA receptor inhibitory action and/or kainate inhibitory action. A compound represented by the following formula, a salt thereof or hydrates thereof. In the formula, Q indicates NH, O or S; and R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 are the same as or different from each other and each indicates hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a C1-6 alkyl group or a group represented by the formula —X-A (wherein X indicates a single bond, an optionally substituted C1-6 alkylene group etc.; and A indicates an optionally substituted C6-14 aromatic hydrocarbocyclic group or 5- to 14-membered aromatic heterocyclic group etc.).

Abstract: The present invention relates to glycinamide derivatives of formula I, A-D-B??(I), wherein A, D, and B are as herein defined, as well as the use of the compounds of formula I as inhibitors of raf-kinase, the use of the compounds of formula I for the manufacture of a pharmaceutical composition, and a method of treatment comprising administering said pharmaceutical composition to a patient.

Abstract: Described is a process for preparing diaryl ethers of the formula (I) Ar—O—Ar???(I) In which Ar is an aryl or substituted aryl group and Ar? is an aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl or substituted heteroaryl group, by reacting an aryl of formula (II) or a aryloxy salt of formula (III) Ar—OH ??(II) Ar—OR ??(III) In which Ar has the same meaning as in formula (I) and R is an alkali metal, with an aryl or heteroaryl bromide of formula (IV) Ar?—Br ??(IV) In which Ar? has the same meaning as in formula (I), characterized in that the reaction is carried out in the presence of a copper(I)salt and a 1-substituted imidazole as catalyst system.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a genus of biaryl compounds containing at least one further ring. The compounds are PDE4 inhibitors useful for the treatment and prevention of stroke, myocardial infarct and cardiovascular inflammatory diseases and disorders.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel substituted pyridinones, their derivatives, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, and hydrates thereof. This invention also provides compositions comprising a compound of this invention and the use of such compositions in methods of treating diseases and conditions that are beneficially treated by administering a TNF (tumor necrosis factor)-alpha production inhibitor/TGF (transforming growth factor)-beta inhibitor.