Abstract: A process for preparing a water-soluble organic oxide which comprises reacting an oil-soluble organic compound with molecular oxygen in the presence of a water-insoluble sensitizer in an organic solvent phase under irradiation of light to produce a water-soluble organic oxide, and transferring the water-soluble organic oxide to a water phase which forms a layer in contact with said organic solvent phase.

Abstract: The magnesium complexes of cyclic hydrocarbons containing conjugated dienes, such as 1,2-dimethylenecycloalkanes, and 1,3-butadienes, are readily prepared in high yields using highly reactive magnesium. Reactions of these (2-butene-1,4 diyl)magnesium reagents with electrophiles such as dibromoalkanes, alkylditosylates, alkylditriflates, bromoalkylnitriles, esters, or amides serve as a convenient method for synthesizing carbocyclic systems. Significantly, carbocycles prepared by this method contain functional groups such as the exocyclic double bond or a keto group in one of the rings which could be used for further elaboration of these molecules. Furthermore, fused bicyclic systems containing a substituted five-membered ring can be conveniently prepared at high temperatures by the reactions of (2-butene-1,4-diyl)magnesium complexes with carboxylic esters or acid halides whereas low temperatures lead to regioselective synthesis of .beta.,.gamma.-unsaturated ketones. Additionally, .gamma.

Abstract: The compound of the formula: ##STR1## where R is H, alkyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl; Y is oxygen, sulfur or NR.sub.2 where R.sub.2 is H or alkyl; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, are centrally active muscarinic agents.

Abstract: The present invention is concerned with antiretroviral (e.g. anti HIV-1) compounds having the formula ##STR1## Pharmaceutical compositions containing said compounds of formula (I-a) or (I-b), and processes of preparing said compounds and compositions.

Abstract: A physical property-improving reagent which comprises an alkenoylcarbamate compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group, X is an oxygen atom (--O--), a sulfur atom (--S--) or a substituted or unsubstituted imino group (--NR'--), R' being a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group, and Y is the residue of an active hydrogen atom-containing compound excluding --X--H therefrom dissolved in an organic solvent having a solubility parameter of not less than 8, which can impart excellent physical properties to a polymer produced with the same.

Abstract: A 3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2-one derivative represented by the following formula (I), and a herbicidal composition containing the same as a herbicidally active ingredient: ##STR1## (wherein X is a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms or a haloalkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms; Y is a halogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms; R.sub.1 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms; R.sub.2 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms; m is an integer of 0 to 3; n is an integer of 0 to 2; and when m is 2 or 3, the groups represented by X may be identical or different, and when n is 2, the groups represented by Y may be identical or different).

Abstract: This invention provides certain sulfonamide compounds, formulations and method of use of certain sulfonamide compounds in treating susceptible neoplasms.

Abstract: The present invention provides a bicyclolactam derivative which has the following formula and is useful as medicaments for treating senile dementia, i.e., as cerebral function improving agents and cerebral metabolism activators or anoxic brain damage protectives ##STR1## wherein R is benzoyl group which may be substituted with halogen atom, lower alkyl group, lower alkoxyl group, nitro group, cyano group or amino group; l is 1 or 2; m is 0 or 1; and n is 0, 1 or 2, provided that m and n are not 0 at the same time.

Abstract: The present invention provides a bicyclolactam derivative which has the following formula and is useful as medicaments for treating senile dementia, i.e., as cerebral function improving agents and cerebral metabolism activators or anoxic brain damage protectives ##STR1## wherein R is benzoyl group which may be substituted with halogen atom, lower alkyl group, lower alkoxyl group, nitro group, cyano group or amino group; l is 1 or 2; m is 0 or 1; and n is 0, 1 or 2, provided that m and n are not 0 at the same time.

Abstract: Lipid derivatives represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 stands for an optionally substituted higher alkyl group, R.sup.2 stands for an optionally substituted lower alkyl group or an optionally substituted nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group, R.sup.3 stands for a tertiary amino group or a quaternary ammonium group, J stands for oxygen atom or S(O)t (where t deontes 0, 1 or 2), m and n respectively denotes 1 or 2, p denotes 0, 1 or 2, q and r respectively denote an integer of 2 to 5.and salts thereof have antitumor activities including differentiation-inducing activity and are useful as antitumor agents.

Abstract: A compound represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein R represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group;R.sup.1 represents a higher alkyl group which may be substituted;R.sup.2 represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group, a lower alkanoyl group or a nitrogen-containing 5- to 7-membered heterocyclic group each of which may be substituted; X represents a divalent group represented by the formula:--(OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2).sub.p --wherein p represents an integer of 1 to 5, a divalent group represented by the formula:--O(CH.sub.2).sub.q --wherein q represents an integer of 3 to 8, or a divalent group represented by the formula:--(OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2).sub.p --J--(CH.sub.2).sub.q --wherein J represents an oxygen atom or a group represented by the formula: --S(O).sub.

Abstract: Indoloquinone compounds useful as cytostatic agents have formula (I), where R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are in each case, hydrogen, halogen, an alkyl group (which may be substituted), an alkoxy group or an aryloxy group, an alkylthio group or an arylthio group, a primary or secondary amino group, hydroxy group or an amino group; R.sub.5 is hydrogen, a hydroxy group, an alkoxy group, an alkyl group (which may be substituted), or a carbohydrate moiety; R.sub.6 and R.sub.7 are in each case hydrogen, halogen, or an alkyl group; R.sub.8 is a group --CH.sub.2 X.sub.1, a group --CO.sub.2 --M.sup.+, where M.sup.+ is a metal ion; a group --CO.sub.2 R.sub.10, where R.sub.10 is hydrogen or an alkyl group (which may be substituted); a group --CONR'R", where R' and R" are hydrogen or alkyl groups (which may be substituted); R.sub.9 is a group --CR.sub.11 R.sub.12 X.sub.2, a group --CO.sub.2 --M.sup.+, where M.sup.+ is a metal ion; a group --CO.sub.2 R.sub.13, where R.sub.11, R.sub.12 and R.sub.

Abstract: Herbicidal and plant growth-regulating N-aryl heterocycles of the formula ##STR1## where A represents one of the groupings ##STR2## where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 in each case independently of one another represent hydrogen, halogen, halogenoalkyl or alkyl,Y.sup.1 and Y.sup.2 in each case represent oxygen or sulphur andZ represents hydrogen, hydroxyl or chlorine, R represents in each case optionally branched alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkylalkyl or cycloalkenylalkyl in each case interrupted by at least one oxygen atom and in each case substituted by at least one fluorine atom,X represents hydrogen or halogen andY represents hydrogen or halogen.

Abstract: A compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each is hydrogen, hydroxy, oxo, halogen, azido, amino, C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkylamino, or aminomethyl, in which said amino, C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkylamino and aminomethyl each is optionally substituted by one or two members selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkyl and amino-protecting group; n is an integer of 1 to 3; p and q each is an integer of 0 to 3 with proviso that p+q=1 to 4 or acid-addition salts thereof, being useful materials for preparing side chains of antibacterial quinolonecarboxylic acids, cephalosporines, or other antibiotics.

Abstract: Prostacyclin (PGI.sub.2) analogues represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is hydrogen or lower alkyl; R.sub.2 is lower alkenyl; R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 each is hydrogen or hydroxy-protecting group; R.sub.5 is straight or branched alkyl which may be substituted with heterocycle, straight or branched alkynyl, or cycloalkyl; the wavy line indicates R- or S-configuration, or their mixture; or a salt thereof being used as antithrombotic and antiulcer drugs.

Abstract: Heterocyclic liquid crystal compounds containing the structural element ##STR1## wherein M is H, CN,, NCS, halogen or an alkyl group with 1-5 C atoms,X is CR.sup.4 or N,Y is CHR.sup.4, O, S or NR.sup.5,R.sup.4 is H, alkyl with 1-15 C atoms, halogen or cyano andR.sup.5 is H or alkyl with 1-15 C atoms,with the proviso that in the case where Y=CHR.sup.4, X is N, are suitable as components of liquid crystal phases.

Abstract: Surface modification of a variety of pigments, particularly quinacridone pigments, and the pigments resulting therefrom whereby the pigment is treated with a solvent-free, basic, nitrogen-containing copolymer of the polyurethane series and with a dispersion-improving derivative of the primary pigment resulting in compositions exhibiting enhanced performance in automative and other finish systems.

Abstract: Novel derivatives of N-phenyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydrophthalimide of the formula I given below have good pre- and post-emergence, selective-herbicidal properties, and they furthermore regulate and inhibit plant growth. The compounds correspond to the formula I ##STR1## wherein R is C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 -alkyl,n is zero, one or two,R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 independently of one another are each hydrogen or halogen,R.sub.3 l is hydrogen, cyano, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -haloalkyl or a radical --CH.sub.2 YR.sub.4,R.sub.4 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.4 -alkenyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.4 -alkynyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.7 -cycloalkyl, benzyl or phenyl,Z is oxygen, or an oxime radical .dbd.N--O--Q, and the grouping --C(R.sub.3).dbd.Z can also be a ketal radical, andQ is hydrogen, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 -alkyl radical, a C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 -alkenyl radical or a C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 -alkynyl radical, a C.sub.3 -C.sub.7 -cycloalkyl or C.sub.3 -C.sub.7 -cycloalkenyl radical, a phenyl-C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: Prostacyclin (PGI.sub.2) analogues represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is hydrogen or lower alkyl; R.sub.2 is alkynyl; R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 each is hydrogen; R.sub.5 is straight or branched alkyl which may be substituted with heterocycle, straight or branched alkynyl, or cycloalkyl; the wavy line indicates R- or S-configuration, or their mixture; or a salt thereof being used as antithrombotic and antiulcer drugs.

Abstract: Compounds of formula: ##STR1## wherein: Ar is an aromatic group; R and R.sub.1 are H or CH.sub.3 ; A represents a nitrogenized heterocyclic radical; B is OH or forms with the adjacent CO group, either an amido group, or a carbonyloxy group; R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are H or alkyl; m=0 or 1; and n=0, 1, 2 or 3.These compounds are useful as drugs having stimulating, protecting and/or correcting activities of the cerebral functions.

Abstract: A unique series of saturated cycloalkyl[b]pyrrol-1(2H)-acetic acid amides are useful as agents for the reversal of amnesia. Intermediates for preparing the compounds, pharmaceutical composition containing the compounds, and method for using the pharmaceutical compositions for treating senility and for the reversal of amnesia are described.

Abstract: Perfluorobicyclolactam compounds represented by the general formula: ##STR1## wherein --A-- stands for ##STR2## l, m, and n respectively stand for 0 or 1, 3 or 4, and 1 or 2, and R.sub.f stands for a lower perfluoroalkyl group, are novel compounds. These compounds are useful as intermediates for the synthesis of, e.g., functional macromolecular membranes and lubricants. These compounds are produced by subjecting compounds of the general formula: ##STR3## and fuming sulfuric acid to a thermal reaction.

Abstract: Substituted (4-hydroxyphenylthioalkyl) derivatives of the formula ##STR1## are prepared by the reaction of the appropriate ring and hydroxybenzene thiol compounds and are useful stabilizers of organic materials.

Abstract: A unique series of saturated cycloalkyl[c]-pyrrol-2(1H)-acetic acid amides are useful as agents for the reversal of amnesia. Intermediates for preparing the compounds, pharmaceutical composition containing the compounds, and methods for using the pharmaceutical compositions for treating senility and for the reversal of amnesia are described.

Abstract: Saturated bicyclic lactam acids and their derivatives are useful in the treatment of senility and for reversing amnesia. Pharmaceutical compositions including these compounds, a method of preparing the compounds, and a method of treating senility and reversing amnesia are also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed are substituted 1-azabicyclo [3.2.0]-hept-6-en-2-one-7-carboxylic acids (I) and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters which are useful as antibiotics. ##STR1## wherein R is hydrogen, and, inter alia, unsubstituted and substituted alkyl, aryl, aralkyl; R.sup.8 is, inter alia, unsubstituted and substituted alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, and aralkyl. Also disclosed are processes for the preparation of such compounds; pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds; and methods of treatment comprising administering such compounds and compositions when an antibiotic effect is indicated.

Abstract: Substituted acyl derivatives of octahydro-1H-isoindole-1-carboxylic acid compounds and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof are produced by acylating a suitably substituted octahydro-1H-isoindole with a suitably activated substituted carboxylic acid and when desired hydrolyzing the resulting product. The compounds of the invention, their salts and pharmaceutical compositions thereof are useful as antihypertensive agents.

Abstract: Peptides of the formula ##STR1## wherein X is various amino or imino acids or esters are useful as hypotensive agents.

Abstract: What are disclosed are sulfonyl ureas of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1, X and Y are as defined in the specification, and their physiologically acceptable salts, pharmaceutical formulations on the basis of these compounds, and their use in the treatment of diabetes.

Abstract: What are disclosed are prostacylin PGI.sub.2 analogs of the formula ##STR1## having a more specific or longer lasting pharmacological action than PGI.sub.2, methods of making these analogs; and methods and pharmaceutical preparations for inhibiting blood platelet aggregation, for treating hypertension, for the treatment or prophylaxis of gastrointestinal ulcers, and for the treatment of asthma.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are 1,2-dihydro-2-oxo(or 2-thioxo)cyclohepta[b]-pyrrole-1-acetic acid derivatives having optional substitution at positions 3, on the cycloheptatriene ring and on the acetic acid side chain. The compounds are aldose reductase inhibitors and thus are useful for treating diabetic complications.

Abstract: Novel anilide derivatives of the formulaZ--ArwhereinZ is a heterocyclic ring system attached to Ar through a ring nitrogen atom in Z, andAr is a substituted phenyl ring, exhibit good control of broadleaf weeds and safety to important crops at low application rates.