Abstract: A process for the preparation of N-substituted maleimides by conducting heat-dehydration and dehydrating imidization of N-substituted maleamic acids under azeotropic distillation of generated water in a solvent mixture containing a solvent capable of forming water azeotrope and an organic aprotic polar solvent, in the presence as catalyst of a zinc salt of a maleamic acid, metallic zinc or a zinc compound which forms a zinc salt of the N-substituted maleamic acid in the reaction system.

Abstract: Disclosed is a diacetylene compound comprising, as structural units,(a) at least one member selected from diacetylene group-containing organic groups of the formulae (I) and (II):R.sup.I --C.tbd.C--C.tbd.C--R.sup.II -- (I)and--R.sup.III --C.tbd.C--C.tbd.C--R.sup.IV -- (II)wherein R.sup.I is hydrogen or a (Cl-16) monovalent organic group, and R.sup.II, R.sup.III and R.sup.IV are a (C1-13) divalent organic group,(b) at least one organic group having at least one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and (c) at least one connecting group connecting the units (a) and (b), which connecting group is selected from amide, imide, ester, ether, amino, imino, urethane, sulfonyl and carbonyl bonds. A cured shaped article made of this compound exhibits isotropically a high elastic modulus and has excellent mechanical properties.

Abstract: A novel class of protecting compounds, particularly for amino acids, is based on 2,2 di nitrophenyl ethan- groups, particularly the groups wherein the nitro is in the para position. The ethyl group may be substituted, e.g. by an alkyl group, in the l- position. Preferred compounds include the alcohol or halide which are suitable for protecting acid functional groups, and esters, including activated and substituted esters, particularly the succinimidyl ester, for protecting amine groups. The invention includes methods of manufacture and use, together with protected amino acids.

Abstract: A cosmetic composition for the first stage of an operation for the permanent deformation of hair contains, as a reducing agent, a compound having the formula ##STR1## wherein, n is 2 or 3; A represents a divalent radical selected from (i) --(CH.sub.2).sub.m --, wherein m is 2 or 3, ##STR2## wherein R.sub.3 and R.sub.4, each independently, represent alkyl having 1-4 carbon atoms, or R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 together with the adjacent carbon atoms form a cyclohexane ring, and ##STR3## wherein R.sub.5 and R.sub.6, each independently, represent hydrogen, alkyl having 1-4 carbon atoms, or R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 together with the adjacent carbon atoms form a benzene ring; R.sub.1 represents hydrogen; R.sub.2 represents hydroxy, or R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 taken together form a simple bond, and the salts of an organic or mineral base of said compound in free acid form.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing polysuccinimides with molecular weights in the range 100,000 to about 200,000 by polycondensation of aspartic acid, with phosphoric acids as condensation agents, in at least two process stages, at temperatures of 100.degree.-250.degree. C. and under reduced pressure, where in the second stage the mixture containing aspartic acid and phosphoric acid undergoes subsequent condensation following comminution.

Abstract: A process for the continuous preparation of imidoperoxycarboxylic acids of the formula ##STR1## in which A is C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 -alkylene, phenylene, naphthylene or a group of the formula ##STR2## and R is a group of the formula --COOH, --SO.sub.3 H or --Cl, and X is C.sub.1 -C.sub.19 -alkylene or arylene, in which a solution of imidocarboxylic acids of the formula ##STR3## in sulfuric acid or methanesulfonic acid and an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide are continuously metered into a static mixer, then the solution of the imidoperoxycarboxylic acid obtained in this way is treated with water and the precipitated product is isolated.

Abstract: A method for producing an azomethine or indoaniline series dye, which comprises oxidatively condensing an active methylene- or methine-containing compound, except those containing a sulfonic or carboxylic acid group, and p-phenylenediamine, except those containing a sulfonic or carboxylic acid group, in the presence of methylene chloride as a solvent under a basic condition.

Abstract: O-substituted hydroxylamines (I)H.sub.2 N--O--CH.sub.2 --R(I)where R is H or an organic radical, and their salts are prepared by reacting a cyclic imidoether II of a 1,4- or 1,5-dicarboxylic acid, the said imidoether containing an ether group --O--CH.sub.2 --R, with a basic compound by a method in which a primary aliphatic aminoalcohol III is used as the basic compound and the compound I is, if required, converted to its salts.

Abstract: Substituted furan and pyrrole compounds which are useful in inhibiting lipoxygenase enzymes, particularly 5-lipoxygenase.

Abstract: A process for producing an unsaturated dicarboxylic acid imide compound of formula (I): ##STR1## wherein D represents a divalent organic group having at least one carbon/carbon double bond; R.sup.1 represents an n-valent organic group having at least one carbon atom; and n is an integer of 1 or above, which comprises reacting an unsaturated amide acid compound of formula (II): ##STR2## wherein D, R.sup.1, and n are as defined above, with an orthoester of formula (III): ##STR3## wherein R.sup.2 and R.sup.3, which may be the same or different, each represents a monovalent organic group having at least one carbon atom, to form an unsaturated dicarboxylic acid amide acid ester compound of formula (IV): ##STR4## wherein D, R.sup.1, R.sup.3, and n are as defined above, and then imidating the compound of formula (IV).

Abstract: A process for the preparation of N-substituted pyrrolidones by catalytic hydrogenation of maleic anhydride, maleic acid and/or fumaric acid in the presence of ammonia uses at least stoichiometric amounts of a primary alcohol or of an aldehyde and uses a catalyst which comprises cobalt and at least one of the elements manganese, copper, phosphorus, molybdenum and/or sodium.

Abstract: A motor fuel composition which inhibits engine ORI and intake valve deposit formation comprises a mixture of hydrocarbons boiling in the range of 90.degree.-450.degree. F. and the reaction product of a hydrocarbyl-substituted dibasic acid anhydride and a polyoxyalkylene diamine; it may optionally additionally comprise a polymeric component which is a polyolefin polymer, copolymer, or the corresponding aminated or hydrogenated polymer or copolymer, or mixtures thereof, of a C.sub.2 -C.sub.10 hydrocarbon. Motor fuel compositions of the instant invention show improved ORI control in comparison with typical commercial fuel compositions. The instant invention is advantageous in that it may be produced and stored as a precipitation-resistant concentrate composition.

Abstract: This invention provides compositions comprising a physiologically-active agent and a compound having the structural formula ##STR1## wherein each X, Y and Z may represent oxygen, sulfur or two hydrogen atoms, provided however that, when Z represents two hydrogen atoms, both X and Y represent oxygen or sulfur and when Z represents oxygen or sulfur at least one of X and Y must represent oxygen or sulfur; m is 2-6; R' is H or a lower alkyl group having 1-4 carbon atoms; n is 0-17 and R is --CH.sub.3, ##STR2## wherein R" is H or halogen in an amount effective to enhance the penetration of the physiologically-active agent through the skin or other membrane of the body of an animal.

Abstract: Detergent additives for reducing or preventing deposits in the carburetor or in injectors are described. They are produced by reacting (a) at least one mono- or polycarboxylic acylating agent containing an average of from about 12 to about 50 carbon atoms in the molecule and having an acyclic aliphatic group containing an average of at least 12 but less than 30 carbon atoms, with (b) at least one alkanol polyamine containing an average of at least 4 carbon atoms. Succinimides made from 2-(2-aminoethylamino)ethanol have proved especially effective in reducing carburetor deposits.

Abstract: Succinimide derivatives represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein X is selected from the group consisting of M, ##STR2## wherein R is a hydrocarbon-based group containing from about 8 up to about 35 carbon atoms, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each independently hydrogen or an alkyl group containing up to 8 carbon atoms; R.sub.4 is a hydrocarbon-based group containing up to about 28 carbon atoms; R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are each independently hydrogen or a hydrocarbon-based group containing up to about 25 carbon atoms; and M is a metal cation.

Abstract: A novel triphenylphosphonium salts of chloromethyl pyrrolidone having the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, and R.sub.3 may be the same or different and may be hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, lower alkenyl, lower cycloalkyl, and lower carboalkoxy, phenyl, substituted phenyl, naphthyl, and substituted naphthyl, R.sub.4 is lower alkyl or phenyl and X is an anion. The compounds are useful in Wittig-type reactions and as phase transfer catalysts. A method for preparing the inventive compound is also disclosed.

Abstract: A borated reaction product that is useful as a dispersancy enhancing lubricant additive. The product is produced from the maleic anhydride adduct of an olefinic alpha-olefin oligomer. The oligomer (HVI-PAO) comprises the product of the oligomerization of C.sub.2 to C.sub.24 alpha-olefin using a reduced valence state Group VIB metal as the oligomerization catalyst. This adduct of maleic anhydride and HVI-PAO is reacted with a secondary amine such as diphenylamine, an alkanol amine such as triethanolamine, and a borating agent such as boric acid or a borate ester.

Abstract: Method for producing an immunoconjugate comprising the steps of reacting a toxin or protein with a heterobifunctional reagent having the following general formula: ##STR1## where R.sub.1 is: ##STR2## where n=1 to 10; and where R.sub.2 is selected from the group consisting of o- and p-nitrophenyl, 2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl, cyanomethyl, 2-mercaptopyridyl, hydroxybenztriazole, N-hydroxysuccinimide, trichlorophenyl, tetrafluorophenyl, 2-fluorophenyl, 4-fluoropheyl, 2,4-difluorophenyl, o-nitro-p-sulfophenyl, N-hydroxyphthalimide, N,N-diethylamino, N-hydroxypyrrolidone, tetrafluorothiophenyl, and 2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl, under reactive conditions, thereby forming a derivatized toxin or protein.

Abstract: The invention concerns fungicidal compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R signifies a chlorine, bromine or iodine atom, n 0, 1, 2 or 3 and X, X', Y and Z have the meanings given in the description.

Abstract: The present invention is directed toward a method for preparing Group II metal overbased sulfurized alkylphenols. In particular, the present invention employs a sulfurization catalyst in the preparation of Group II metal overbased sulfurized alkylphenols. Use of a sulfurization catalyst in this peparation results in a product generally characterized as having lower crude sediment, a high Total Base Number and lower viscosity than a similar product prepared without using a sulfurization catalyst.

Abstract: N-substituted monochlorosuccinimides e.g., N-phenylmonochlorosuccinimide, can be prepared in a high yield by reacting a maleamic acid, e.g., N-phenylmaleamic acid, with phosgene in the presence of a catalyst, e.g., dimethylformamide.

Abstract: An N-substituted-phenylteraconimide compound represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein X and R are as defined in the disclosure, herbicidal composition and method for the destruction of undesirable weeds. The herbicides comprising the above compounds are capable of selectively controlling undesirable weeds among desirable crop plants.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a new plant growth regulating composition which comprises, as an active ingredient, a selected succinamide compounds, maleimide compounds, succinic anhydride compounds, maleic anhydride compounds of general formula: ##STR1## if preferably, along with ethephon. In this invention, the plant growth regulating composition has the effect of plant growth controlling activity (herbicidal activity) and an abscission layer forming activity for a fruit harvest aid, and the said plant growth regulating composition does not cause hazards such as defoliation and injuries to the fruit surface, nor does it affect immature fruit, but acts specifically on matured fruit and promptes formation of abscission layer that aids in the separation of matured fruit.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel reactive amino or hydrazino peroxides (hereinafter generally referred to as "AHP's") and derivatives all having a Structure A:(P--R11--X--(--NH--).sub.x --R22--).sub.y --Q].sub.z Ain which the definitions of P, R11, R22, X, Q and x, y and z are given in the Summary of The Invention section, for example, 4,4-di-(t-butylperoxy)pentanohydrazide (I-1), and the use of these novel compounds in curing unsaturated polyester resins, in initiating polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers, for modifying rheology, for crosslinking and curing olefin polymers and elastomers, for producing novel graft and block copolymers, and for producing novel polymers with covalently bound performance additive functions.

Abstract: Cyclohexane-1,3-dione derivatives of the formula ##STR1## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 have the meanings given in the disclosure, and the use thereof for combating unwanted plants, especially Gramineae.

Abstract: Polyhaloalkene compounds of the formula: ##STR1## wherein X is sulfur, oxygen, or nitrogen, Y.sup.1 and Y.sup.2 are fluorine, Z is hydrogen or the same as Y.sup.1 and Y.sup.2, and n is 1-4; provided that:(A) when X is sulfur, Z is fluorine and R is thienyl or substituted thienyl, thianaphthyl or substituted thianaphthyl, thiazolinyl or substituted thiazolinyl, oxadiazolyl or substituted oxadiazolyl, 3,4,4-trifluoro-3-butenyloxycarbonylmethyl, thiadiazolyl substituted by halogen or R.sup.2 S, wherein R.sup.2 is 3,4,4-trifluoro-3-butenyl or R.sup.2 is phenylmethyl or phenylthiomethyl each optionally substituted by halogen or nitro; or R is thiadiazolyl substituted by R.sup.3, wherein R.sup.3 is substituted aryl, arylalkyl, aryloxyalkyl, alkylthio, haloalkylthio, haloarylthio, cyanoalkylthio, arylalkylthio, aryloxyalkylthio, arylthioalkylthio, heterocycloalkylthio, alkenylthio, haloalkenylthio, halocycloalkylalkenylthio, wherein said aryl or heterocyclic groups of R.sup.

Abstract: Dispersants containing basic amine groups are passivated toward fluorohydrocarbon compositions by reaction with a passivating amount of a dicarboxylic acid or anhydride.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors useful as antihypercholesterolemic agents represented by the formula ##STR1## and the corresponding ring-opened hydroxy acids derived therefrom and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.Pharmaceutical compositions containing said compounds and method of inhibiting the biosynthesis of cholesterol therewith are also disclosed.

Abstract: Novel derivatives of N-phenylmaleic acid imide and N-phenylsuccinimide have good pre- and post-emergence selective herbicidal properties and they influence plant growth. The compounds correspond to the formula I in which.vertline.: represents a single or double bond,R.sup.1 represents hydrogen or fluorine,R.sup.2 represents halogen,Y represents C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkyl,Z represents hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkyl, andA represents hydrogen or a group ##STR1## wherein R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 represent customary organic radicals and X represents oxygen, sulphur, SO, SO.sub.2, NH, alkylimino or alkenylimino.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I): ##STR1## and stereoisomers thereof, wherein V is an oxygen or a sulphur atom; X and Y, which may be the same or different, are hydrogen or halogen atoms, or optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted alkynyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, optionally substituted aryloxy, optionally substituted arylalkoxy, optionally substituted acyloxy, optionally substituted amino, acylamino, nitro, nitrile, --CO.sub.2 R.sup.3, --CONR.sup.4 R.sup.5, or --COR.sup.6 groups; or the groups X and Y, when they are in adjacent positions on the phenyl ring, may join to form a fused ring, either aromatic or aliphatic, optionally containing one or more heteroatoms; and Z is optionally substituted methylene, optionally substituted amino, oxygen or sulphur and when Z is a substituted methylene group, the substituent may join the 2-position of the phenyl ring to form a non-aromatic fused ring; R.sup.1 and R.

Abstract: Disperse dyes of the formula ##STR1## in which X is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy or halogen, Y is hydrogen, halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy-C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy-C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, R is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.12 alkenyl or phenyl, or Y and R, together with the nitrogen atom and the two C atoms linking them, form a 5- or 6-ring, B is a straight-chain or branched C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 alkylene radical, Z is a bridge member of the formula ##STR2## or a direct bond and A is a radical of the formula ##STR3## which radicals are unsubstituted or substituted by C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy, halogen or nitro are suitable in particular for dyeing textile material made of polyester fibers.

Abstract: The invention concerns fungicidal compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R signifies a chlorine, bromine or iodine atom, n 0, 1, 2 or 3 and X, X', Y and Z have the meanings given in the description.

Abstract: Compounds corresponding to Formula I ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 denotes an acyl group andX denotes hydrogen, halogen, alkoxy, aroxy, SO.sub.3 H or a heterocyclic group attached through --O-- or --N<are prepared form a compound corresponding to Formula II ##STR2## wherein X has the meaning already indicated and Q denotes the group required for completing a dicarbonimide ringby reduction of the said compound to the amino compound and acylation into a compound corresponding to Formula III ##STR3## wherein X, Q and R.sup.1 have the meanings indicatedfollowed by conversion of the compound corresponding to Formula III into a compound corresponding to Formula I by hydrazinolytic or hydrolytic decomposition of the dicarbonimide ring.

Abstract: A perhydrolysis system is provided which includes peroxyacid precursors and a source of peroxygen. Upon dissolution in water these compositions provide high yields of a novel peroxyacid having the structure ##STR1## where R is hydrogen or an alkyl of not more than 5 carbon atoms. The precursor may include hydroxyl nitrogen derivatives as leaving groups, since the .alpha.-substituted phenoxy moiety enhances carbonyl reactivity toward perhydroxyl anion.

Abstract: Oil-soluble reaction products of inorganic phosphorus containing acids or anhydrides with a boron compound and ashless dispersants such as alkenyl succinimides are useful as antiwear/EP additives in lubricants.

Abstract: .alpha.-Pyrrolidones and cyclic amidines Ia and Ib, respectively, for washing gases. ##STR1## where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkoxy, C.sub.3 -C.sub.10 -cycloalkyl or C.sub.3 -C.sub.10 -cycloalkoxy or are bonded to one another to form a ring, R.sup.3 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl, phenyl or naphthyl and R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are each hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, are prepared by a method in which an amine II ##STR2## where R.sup.3' is hydrogen, tert-butyl, phenyl or naphthyl, is reacted with an .alpha., .beta.-unsaturated carboxylic acid derivative III ##STR3## where X is OR', --NR'R", --NHR' or --NH.sub.2 and R' and R" are each C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 -cycloalkyl or phenyl, or with an .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated nitrile IV ##STR4## in the presence of a free radical initiator, and, where R.sup.3' is hydrogen and it is intended to prepare a compound in which R.sup.3' is C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for making a 2-pyrrolidone and a succinimide by the vapor phase catalytic reaction of a maleimide with molecular hydrogen.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula I ##STR1## with R.sup.1 equal to H or (cyclo)alk(en)yl, R.sup.2 equal to H or alkyl, R.sup.3 equal to alkyl, R.sup.4 /R.sup.5 equal to H, alkyl or acyl, and Y equal to H, alkyl, CF.sub.3 or Hal, are described, as are processes for the preparation thereof.They are effective diuretics and antihypertensive agents with a lipid-lowering action.

Abstract: Substituted 1-phenyl-3-methyl-pyrrolidinediones of the general formula: ##STR1## in which R may represent fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, CN, SCN or methanesulfonyl, Z represents one or more of the same or different substituents selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, NO.sub.2, CN, SCN, sulfamoyl, phenoxy, an alkyl having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a halogenalkyl having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms and 1 to 7 halogen atoms selected from fluorine, chlorine or bromine, an alkyloxy having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a halogenalkoxy having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms and 1 to 4 halogen atoms selected from the group consisting of fluorine, chlorine and bromine, an allyloxy or ethoxycarbonyl, and n is 0 or an integer from 1 to 4 with the following types of substitutions: 2-, 4-, 2,3-, 2,4-, 2,5-, 2,6-, 3,4-, 2,3,4-, 2,3,5-, 2,3,6-, 2,4,5-, 2,4,6-, 3,4,5-, 2,3,4,5-, 2,4,5,6- and 2,3,5,6-. The invention also relates to a process for making the compounds, which are active ingredients of fungicidal agents.

Abstract: Ammonolysis-alkylation using a C.sub.1 to C.sub.8 alkanol and ammonia is used to prepare cyclic N-alkylated compounds in a one-step process. In the presence of hydrogen added as a reducing agent, a reduced N-alkylated compound can be formed.

Abstract: This invention is to polyolefinic succinimide polyamine alkyl acetoacetate of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.3 are the same or different and are moieties of the formula: ##STR2## Z.sup.2 is a moiety of the formula: ##STR3## wherein R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are the same or different and are alkylene of from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, m is an integer of from 1 to 5, each A' is independently selected from the group consisting of H, A and the moiety: ##STR4## wherein A" is H or A, R.sup.3 is as defined above, R.sup.6 is alkylene of from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, T.sup.1 and T.sup.2 are the same or different and each comprises a member selected from the group consisting of moieties of the formula: ##STR5## wherein B' is substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or aryl-containing group, n.sup.1 is an integer of 0 to 10, n.sup.2 is an integer of 0 to 10, n.sup.3 is an integer of from 0 to 10, n.sup.4 is an integer of from 0 to 10, with the provisos that the sum of n.sup.1, n.sup.2, n.sup.3 and n.sup.

Abstract: The incorporation of minor amounts of an additive prepared from the reaction products of a long chain oligomeric alkylsuccinic anhydride or the corresponding acid, a mono or polyfunctional epoxide and a long chain secondary amine provide improved cloud point, pour point and filterability for diesel and heating fuels.

Abstract: The invention concerns 1,8-dihydroxy-9-anthrones substituted in the 10-position of the formula: ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 represents a group taken from the set constituted by: ##STR2## wherein R.sub.2 represents H, C.sub.1-8 alkyl, C.sub.1-3 mono- or poly-hydroxyalkyl, carbamoyl or phenyl,R.sub.3, R.sub.4, and R.sub.5 represent H, C.sub.1-8 alkyl, C.sub.3-8 mono- or poly-hydroxyalkyl, possibly interrupted by an oxygen, C.sub.3-6 cycloalkyl, or R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 form a divalent group: --(CH.sub.2).sub.(4 or 5) --, --(CH.sub.2).sub.2 --O--(CH.sub.2).sub.2 --, or --(CH.sub.2).sub.2 --N(R.sub.8)--(CH.sub.2).sub.2 --, R.sub.8 being H, --CH.sub.3, or --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 OH,R.sub.6 represents --CO.sub.2 R.sub.5, --CN, CHO, --CONH.sub.2, or --CONH--CH.sub.2 OH,and R.sub.7 and R'.sub.7 are H or --CH.sub.3, and their optical isomers.Utilization of the compounds (I) in human or veterinary medicine, in particular in the treatment of psoriasis and of warts, in cosmetics.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a new class of calcium chelating compounds which have a decreased affinity for calcium following illumination. These new compounds contain a photolabile nitrobenzyl derivative coupled to a tetracarboxylate Ca.sup.2+ chelating parent compound having the octacoordinate chelating groups characteristic of EGTA or BAPTA. However unlike EGTA or BAPTA-like compounds, in which the two halves of the chelator are linked by a simple 1,2-ethanediyl moiety, the compounds of the present invention modify the stereochemical conformation of this linkage by adding bulky substituents or incorporating the linkage into a carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring. In a first form, the new compounds are comprised of a BAPTA-like chelator coupled to a single 2-nitrobenzyl derivative, which in turn is a photochemical precursor of a 2-nitrosobenzophenone.

Abstract: Novel derivatives of N-phenylmaleic acid imide and N-phenylsuccinimide have good pre- and post-emergence selective herbicidal properties and they influence plant growth. The compounds correspond to the formula I ##STR1## in which .vertline.: represent a single or double bond,R.sup.1 represents hydrogen or fluorine,R.sup.2 represents halogen,Y represents C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkyl,Z represents hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkyl, andA represents hydrogen or a group ##STR2## wherein R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 represent customary organic radicals and X represents oxygen, sulphur, SO, SO.sub.2, NH, alkylimino or alkenylimino.

Abstract: Disclosed are additives which are useful as dispersants in marine crankcase oils and hydraulic oils, lubricating oils. In particular, disclosed are nitrogen-containing lubricating oil dispersants having at least one primary or secondary amino group which have been modified by treatment with a cyclic carbonate.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I): ##STR1## and stereoisomers thereof, wherein V is an oxygen or a sulphur atom; X and Y, which may be the same or different, are hydrogen or halogen atoms, or optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted alkynyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, optionally substituted aryloxy, optionally substituted arylalkoxy, optionally substituted acyloxy, optionally substituted amino, acylamino, nitro, nitrile, --CO.sub.2 R.sup.3, --CONR.sup.4 R.sup.5, or --COR.sup.6 groups; or the groups X and Y, when they are in adjacent positions on the phenyl ring, may join to form a fused ring, either aromatic or aliphatic, optionally containing one or more heteroatoms; and Z is optionally substituted methylene, optionally substituted amino, oxygen or sulphur and when Z is a substituted methylene group, the substituent may join the 2-position of the phenyl ring to form a non-aromatic fused ring; R.sup.1 and R.

Abstract: A method for the production of maleimides, which comprises subjecting maleinamic acids to ring-closure imidation in an organic solvent capable of forming an azeotrope with water in the presence of an acid catalyst at a temperature in the range of 120.degree. to 250.degree. C. while removing the formed water in the form of an azeotrope with said organic solvent and thereafter purifying the produced maleimides.

Abstract: N,N'-dimethyl aromatic diamines are prepared from the corresponding diprimary amines via a two step synthesis forming first the corresponding di-succinylimidomethylamine and then reductively cleaving the succinylimido group. The products are useful, e.g., as epoxy curing agents.

Abstract: Novel anilide derivatives of the formulaZ--ArwhereinZ is a heterocyclic ring system attached to Ar through a ring nitrogen atom in Z, andAr is a substituted phenyl ring, exhibit good control of broadleaf weeds and safety to important crops at low application rates.