Abstract: Photochromic compounds belonging to the class of spiro-pyrans, having the general formula (I): ##STR1##

Abstract: Described are novel reversible photochromic phenanthropyran compounds, examples of which are substituted 2H-phenanthro 4,3-b!pyran and 3H-phenanthro 1,2-b!pyran compounds. The 2H-phenanthropyran compounds have certain substituents at the number 5 and 6 carbon atoms of the phenanthro portion of the phenanthropyran and at the 2 position of the pyran ring. Certain substituents may also be present at the number 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, or 12 carbon atoms of the phenanthro portion of the phenanthropyran. The 3H-phenanthropyran compounds have certain substituents at the number 11 and 12 carbon atoms of the phenanthro portion of the phenanthropyran and at the 3 position of the pyran ring. Certain substituents may also be present at the number 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 carbon atoms of the phenanthro portion of the phenanthropyran. Also described are polymeric organic host materials that contain or that are coated with such compounds.

Abstract: Novel odorant compositions which are characterized by a content of one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of tetrahydrofurans of structures 1 or 2, or tetrahydropyrans of structure 3. ##STR1## wherein R can be an acyclic, where acyclic refers to a chain of at least four carbon atoms substituted with at least three methyl groups in the chain, carbocyclic, where carbocyclic refers to a ring of 5-8 carbon atoms, and with at least two methyl groups on the ring, or bicyclic where bicyclic refers to two carbon rings, each ring having between 5-8 carbon atoms fused together, substituted with at least two methyl groups, and where R.sub.1 .dbd.CH.sub.3, or higher alkyl group, R.sub.2 .dbd.H, CH.sub.3, or higher alkyl group, R.sub.3 .dbd.H, or CH.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 .dbd.H, CH.sub.3, or higher alkyl group.

Abstract: Described are novel reversible photochromic 3H-naphtho[2,1-b]pyran compounds, of the following graphic formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is hydrogen or alkyl, R.sub.2 is hydrogen or preferably a carboalkoxy group and R.sub.3 is hydrogen or preferably an alkyl group, provided that either R.sub.1 or R.sub.2 is hydrogen, and B and B' are the aryl groups phenyl or naphthyl, a heterocyclic aromatic group or together form a spiro adamantylene group. Also described are organic host materials that contain or that are coated with such compounds. Articles such as ophthalmic lenses or other plastic transparencies that incorporate the novel naphthopyran compounds or combinations thereof with complementary photochromic compounds, e.g., spiro(oxazine) type compounds, are also described.

Abstract: The anthracene-spiro-pyrrolidines according to the invention are prepared by reacting either anthracene-spiro-furans or unsubstituted anthracene-spiropyrrolidines with appropriately substituted amines or by reacting unsubstituted anthracene derivatives with appropriately substituted methylenepyrrolidines. The substances can be used as active agents in medicaments, in particular for the production of immunomodulating medicaments.

Abstract: Compounds of the general formula: ##STR1## or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate or crystal form enantiomer, diastereomer or mixtures thereof are Class III antiarrhythmic agents.

Abstract: Abstract of the Disclosure: Products of the reduction of 4-hydroxybutyric acid derivatives of the formula IIa ##STR1## where one of A and B is methylene and the other is cyclopropylidene, or of C.sub.1 --C.sub.4 --alkyl esters (IIb) or lactones (IIc) of these acids IIa, are prepared by hydrogenating the compounds IIa or IIb or IIc catalytically using hydrogen in the presence of a heterogeneous hydrogenation catalyst, giving novel compounds which can be used to prepare polymers.

Abstract: Described are novel reversible photochromic naphthopyran compounds substituted at the number eight carbon atom on the naphtho portion of the naphthopyran ring with, for example, a methoxy group. Also described are organic host materials that contain or that are coated with such compounds. Articles such as ophthalmic lenses or other plastic transparencies that incorporate the novel naphthopyran compounds are also described.

Abstract: The photosensitive resin composition of the present invention comprises an admixture of 5 to 100 weight parts of a photosensitive material having the following general formula (A) and 100 weight parts of an alkali-soluble resin:General formula (A) ##STR1## where R.sub.1 to R.sub.8 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxyl group, an aralkyl group, an aryl group, an amino group, a monoalkylamino group, a dialkylamino group, an acylamino group, an alkylcarbamoyl group, an arylcarbamoyl group, an alkylsulfamoyl group, an arylsulfamoyl group, a carboxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an acyl group, an alkyloxycarbonyl group, an aryloxycarbonyl group, an acyloxy group, or --OD, --N(R)--D (where R represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, and D represents a 1,2-napthoquinoediazide-5-sulfonyl group or a 1,2-napthoquinoediazide-4-sulfonyl group), and at least one of R.sub.1 to R.sub.8 represents --OD or --N(R)--D; R.sub.9 to R.sub.

Abstract: New cycloalkylalkylamines which are sigma-receptor ligands of formule (I) ##STR1## in which: R.sub.1 is H or lower alkyl; X and Y are H, OH, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, halogen or nitrile; V.sub.1 and V.sub.2 together form a double bond attached to an oxygen atom or to a hydroxyimino radical, or are linked as an ethylenedioxy chain; A represents a valency bond, an oxygen atom, a methylene or an ethylene group; m is equal to 0, 1 or 2; n has the value of an integer from 1 to 5. Psychotropic drug which is also useful in gastroenterology.

Abstract: Compounds of general formula I; ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, and R.sup.7 are variables.These compounds are antagonists of platelet activating factor (PAF) and as such are useful in the treatment or amelioration of various diseases or disorders mediated by PAF.

Abstract: This invention encompasses compounds of the formula: ##STR1## and pharmaceutically acceptable non-toxic salts thereof wherein: ##STR2## represents: ##STR3## where n is 0, 1, or 2; R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are hydrogen or straight or branched chain alkyl groups;Y represents various organic and inorganic substituents;W represents an aromatic group substituted with various organic and inorganic substituents;A is CH or N;B is a substituted or unsubstituted carbon or N; andE is hydrogen or straight or branched alkyl groupsThese compounds are highly selective agonists, antagonists or inverse agonists for GABAa brain receptors or prodrugs thereof and are useful in the diagnosis and treatment of anxiety, sleep, and seizure disorders, overdose with benzodiazepine type drugs, and enhancement of alertness.

Abstract: The present invention provides an industrially valuable method for preparing an optically active 3,4-dihydro-3,4-epoxy-2H-1-benzopyran compound which is useful as a starting material for an optically active benzopyran compound with antihypertensive, coronary blood flow-increasing activities and the like, provides a diastereomeric ester compound which is useful as an intermediate for said epoxy compound and also provides a use of said diastereomeric ester compound in making of said epoxy compound, and further an optically active benzopyran compound which is useful as medicine.

Abstract: Multigram quantities of Ins(1,4,5) P.sub.3, Ins(1,3,4) P.sub.3, and Ins(1,3,4,5)P.sub.4 are prepared in their enantiomerically pure forms from the two enantiomers of 1,2:5,6-di-O-cyclohexylidene myo-inositol. Also, a facile enzymatic preparation is also described of these chiral precursors through enantiospecific deacylation of the corresponding racemic esters is disclosed.

Abstract: Aranorosinol-A and Aranorosinol-B are compounds of the formula ##STR1## in which R is H (Aranorosinol-A) or CH.sub.2 COCH.sub.3 (Aranorosinol-B); said compounds have antibacterial and antifungal activity.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are identical or different and are hydrogen or aralkyl, R.sup.3 is alkyl, cycloalkyl or cycloalkylalkyl, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are identical or different and are hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, aralkyl or a heterocyclic radical and R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 are identical or different and are hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, aryl or arlkyl or R.sup.6 and R.sup.7, together with the carbon atom carrying them, are cycloalkyl. The novel compounds are prepared by a carbonyl olefination according to Wittig. They are intermediates for the preparation of pharmaceuticals, in particular of inhibitors of renin and HIV protease.

Abstract: The invention relates to the benzylcyclanone derivatives of formula: ##STR1## where R.sub.1 and R.sub.3 denote H, OH, linear or branched C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl or linear or branched C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkoxy, R.sub.2 and R.sub.4 represent H or OH, at least one of the two being OH, R.sub.5, R.sub.6, R.sub.7 and R.sub.8 represent H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 alkyl, aralkyl or aryl, it being possible for R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 and/or R.sub.7 and R.sub.8 to form an optionally substituted, saturated C.sub.5 -C.sub.12 ring, X represents O or --(CR.sub.9 R.sub.10).sub.n with n=1 or 2 and R.sub.9 and R.sub.10 represent H or CH.sub.3 ; if X represents --(CR.sub.9 R.sub.10).sub.n, R.sub.6 and R.sub.8, with the atoms of the ring to which they are attached, form a bicyclic system having 7 or 8 carbon atoms; if X represents --(CR.sub.9 R.sub.10).sub.n with n=1, R.sub.9 and R.sub.10 =CH.sub.3, R.sub.5 =H and R.sub.6 and R.sub.8, with the atoms of the ring to which are attached, form a bicyclic system having 7 carbon atoms, R.sub.

Abstract: Cosmetic composition containing, by way of a compound screening cut UV of wavelengths 280-380 nm, a 5-benzylidene-3-oxacyclopentanone of formula (I): ##STR1## where R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 denote C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl, aralkyl or aryl, or alternatively R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 and/or R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 form, with the carbon to which they are attached, a saturated 5- or 6-membered ring, andR.sub.5, R.sub.6 and R.sub.7 denote H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.8 alkenyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkoxy, C.sub.2 -C.sub.8 alkenyloxy, C.sub.2 -C.sub.12 acyloxy, benzyloxy or --COOR.sub.10 where R.sub.10 is a C.sub.1 --C.sub.8 alkyl, hydrogen, an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal or a radical derived from an amine, it also being possible for one of the substituents R.sub.5, R.sub.6 and R.sub.7 to denote a radical ##STR2## where R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 have the above meanings. This composition can be a protective composition for the human epidermis or the hair or an antisun composition.

Abstract: A new antibiotic, aranorosin, a microbiological process for the preparation thereof, and the use thereof as a pharmaceutical.Aranorosin, a compound of the formula ##STR1## can be prepared with the aid of the fungus culture Y-30499 (DSM 4151). Aranorosin has an antibiotic action as well as an action against malignant tumors.

Abstract: Invented are 4-aza-5-alpha-8(14)-17 substituted-androsten-3-ones having an 8(14), 7(8), or 16(17) double bond, optionally also having a 1(2) double bond, pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds, and methods of using these compounds to inhibit steroid 5-alpha-reductase.

Abstract: Disclosed is a compound represented by the following general formula(I): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, which may be the same or different, represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group or a substituted amino group, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4, which may be the same or different, represent an alkyl group, or R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 together form a nobornylidene group or bicyclo (3, 3, 1) 9-nonylidene group which may have a substituent, and ##STR2## represents a divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group or divalent unsaturated heterocyclic group which may have a substituent, with the proviso that when R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 represent an alkyl group, ##STR3## represents a bicyclic aromatic fused ring which is substituted with at least one substituent selected form the group consisting of a halgoen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, --R.sub.5 --S--R.sub.6 and ##STR4## (in which R.sub.5 represents an alkylene group or --O--R.sub.8).sub.n (in which R.sub.

Abstract: Cycloalkylidene derivatives of the general formulae Ia to Ic ##STR1## where the dashed line is a possible additional chemical bond, the radicals R.sup.1 are identical or different C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkenyl groups, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each methyl or ethyl, R.sup.4 is hydrogen or one of the radicals R.sup.1, X is oxygen, methylene or a chemical bond, m is from 0 to 3 or, when X is methylene, is from 1 to 3, or, when X is methylene and R.sup.1 is methyl, is from 2 to 3 and n is from 0 to 3, are used as fragrance materials.

Abstract: The present invention provides an industrially valuable method for preparing an optically active 3,4-dihydro-3,4-epoxy-2H-1-benzopyran compound which is useful as a starting material for an optically active benzopyran compound with antihypertensive, coronary blood flow-increasing activities and the like, and also provides a diastereomeric ester compound with a 3-halo-4-hydroxy-2H-1-benzopyran compound which is useful as an intermediate for said epoxy compound.

Abstract: Compound of formulae (I) and (II) are HMG-CoA synthase inhibitors and exhibit antifungal activity.

Abstract: Novel aromatic amine derivatives of specific structure are useful intermediates for herbicides. The aromatic amine compounds have the structure shown by formula [I]: ##STR1## wherein Ar and A are as defined herein.

Abstract: Substituted benzoyl-2H-pyran-3,5-(4H,6H)-diones and related compounds, intermediates therefor, synthesis thereof, and the use of said diones for the control of weeds.

Abstract: The present invention is various 7-deazaguanines having activity as immunomodulators. Also included are pharmaceutical compositions and methods of use thereof.

Abstract: Described are a series of novel benzospiropyran and naphthospiropyran compounds in which a norcamphor group (or its alkyl-substituted homologues) or a tricyclodecane group (or its alkyl-substituted derivatives) are appended at the 2-position of the benzospiropyran or naphthospiropyran ring. Also described are organic host materials that contain or that are coated with materials containing such compounds. Articles, such as ophthalmic or plano lenses, that incorporate the novel pyran compounds or combinations of the novel pyran compounds with other complementary photochromic compounds are described.

Abstract: Novel compounds which are selective dopamine agonists are useful for treating disorders characterized by abnormal dopamine levels, such as Parkinson's Disease, as well as cardiovascular disorders.

Abstract: Invented are substituted acrylate analogues of steroidal synthetic compounds, pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds, and methods of using these compounds to inhibit steroid 5-.alpha.-reductase. Also invented are intermediates used in preparing these compounds.

Abstract: Iodopropargyl ethers of the formula ##STR1## wherein A represents oxygen or a methylene group,R.sup.1 denotes hydrogen or lower alkyl,R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are identical or different and represent hydrogen, lower alkyl, alkenyl or unsubstituted or halogen-substituted phenyl, or R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 together form a carbocyclic ring with 4 to 7 C atoms,l and m represent 0, 1 or 2,k denotes 0 or 1 andn denotes an integer from 0 to 4, with the proviso that if l is 0, n represents 1, 2, 3 or 4,can be prepared by reaction of the corresponding propargyl ethers with iodinating agents. The iodopropargyl ethers are active compounds in microbicidal agents.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel compounds of formula [I], a process for their production, and their use as a herbicide. ##STR1## wherein A represents the bond ##STR2## in which X is a hydrogen atom, a chlorine atom, a nitro group or a trifluoromethyl group;B represents a hydrogen atom, a methyl group or a methoxy group; andAr represents one member selected from the group consisting of ##STR3## in which R.sup.1 to R.sup.38, are as defined hereinafter.

Abstract: A series of novel photochromic spiropyrans are disclosed in which a spiro-adamantane group is introduced into the 2-position of the benzopyran or naphthopyran ring. The spiropyran compounds of the invention exhibit heliochromic properties, i.e. they color in sunlight and fade rapidly at ambient temperatures in the absence of U.V. light, making them good candidates for use in the manufacture of sunglasses. The invention includes lenses which darken in sunlight and incorporate the novel spiropyrans and a process for the preparation of the spiropyran compounds.

Abstract: Fungicidally active aminomethyltetrahydrofurans of the formula ##STR1## in which A represents a divalent alkylene or alkenylene chain which is in each case optionally substituted andR.sup.1 and R.sup.2 independently of one another each represent hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkinyl, alkoxyalkyl, dialkoxyalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, hydroxyalkoxyalkyl, dioxolanylalkyl, oxolanylalkyl, or dioxanylalkyl, or represent in each case optionally substituted cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkyl, aralkyl, aralkenyl or aryl, orR.sup.1 and R.sup.2, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded, represent an optionally substituted saturated heterocyclic radical, which can optionally contain further heteroatoms,or an acid addition salts thereof. Some intermediates therefor wherein NR.sup.1 R.sup.2 is replaced by halogen or sulphonyloxy are also new.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a dimeric aromatic acyl cyanide of the formula ##STR1## in which Ar is optionally substituted phenyl, naphthyl or hetaryl,comprising reaction an acyl halide of the formulaAr--CO--Halin whichHal is fluorine, chlorine or bromine, with an alkali metal cyanide in a two-phase system comprising water and a water-immiscible or only sparingly water-miscible aliphatic ketone, and in the presence of a phase-transfer catalyst. The products are known intermediates for pesticides.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein X is oxygen, sulfur or sulfonyl;R is halogen; C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 alkyl; C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 alkoxy; nitro; cyano; C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 haloalkyl; or R.sup.a SO.sub.m - wherein m is 0 or 2 and R.sup.a is C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 alkyl;R.sup.1 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl;R.sup.2 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; orR.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together are alkylene having 2 to 5 carbon atoms;R.sup.3 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl;R.sup.4 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; orR.sup.3 and R.sup.4 together are alkylene having 2 to 5 carbon atoms;R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 independently are (1) hydrogen; (2) halogen; (3) C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; (4) C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy; (5) trifluoromethoxy; (6) cyano; (7) nitro; (8) C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkyl; (9) R.sup.b SO.sub.n -wherein n is the integer 0, 1 or 2; and R.sup.b is (a) C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; (b) C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl substituted with halogen or cyano; (c) phenyl; or (d) benzyl; (10) --NR.sup.c R.sup.d wherein R.sup.c and R.

Abstract: Substituted phenoxy-, 1-, and 2-naphthalenyloxy-, indenyl-, indolyl-, benzofuranyl-, and benzo[b]thiofuranylcarboxamides of 7,8-(substituted-diamino)-1-oxaspiro[4.5]decanes are useful as analgesic agents.A method of making the compounds, pharmaceutical compositions employing the compounds, and a method of alleviating pain in warm-blooded animals are also disclosed.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein X is oxygen, sulfur or sulfonyl;R is halogen; C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 alkyl; C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 alkoxy; nitro; cyano; C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 haloalkyl; or R.sup.a SO.sub.m -- wherein m is 0 or 2 and R.sup.a is C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 alkyl;R.sup.1 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl;R.sup.2 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; orR.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together are alkylene having 2 to 5 carbon atoms;R.sup.3 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl;R.sup.4 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; orR.sup.3 and R.sup.4 together are alkylene having 2 to 5 carbon atoms;R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 independently are (1) hydrogen; (2) halogen; (3) C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; (4) C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy; (5) trifluoromethoxy; (6) cyano; (7) nitro; (8) C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkyl; (9) R.sup.b SO.sub.n -- wherein n is the integer 0, 1 or 2; and R.sup.b is (a) C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; (b) C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl substituted with halogen or cyano; (c) phenyl; or (d) benzyl; (10) --NR.sup.c R.sup.d wherein R.sup.c and R.

Abstract: A process for the resolution of hemiacetal compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein A is a hydrocarbon chain containing 1 to 16 groups, the said chain optionally containing at least one heteroatom, at least one unsaturation, the assembly of the group constituting the chain may be a mono- or polycyclic system including a spiro or endosystem and the assembly of chain A and the carbon atoms attached thereto can contain at least one chiral atom or the hemiacetal moiety thereto which can present a chirality due to the dissymetric spatial configuration of the molecule and Y is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 18 carbon atoms optionally substituted, --CY.sub.3 ' and the .beta.,.gamma.

Abstract: Cyclohexenones of the formula ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is alkyl, R.sup.2 is alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or haloalkyl, Z is hydrogen or alkoxycarbonyl, and X is a substituted or unsubstituted pentamethylene chain in which one or two methylene groups can be replaced by O, S, SO, SO.sub.2 or NR.sup.3, and their use for controlling undesirable plant growth.

Abstract: Novel compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein D is hydrogen, halogen, (halo)alkyl or (halo)alkoxy; R is alkyl or is cycloalkyl optionally 1-substituted by alkyl or halogen and R.sup.1 is the hydrocarbyl residue of a saturated oxygen-heterocyclic alcohol, are useful as herbicides.

Abstract: Novel compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein D is hydrogen, halogen, (halo)alkyl or (halo)alkoxy; R is hydrogen, alkyl or alkoxy and R.sup.1 is the hydrocarbyl residue of a saturated oxygen-heterocyclic alcohol, are useful as herbicides.

Abstract: Analgesic 2-oxa-spirocyclic compounds of the formula ##STR1## where the wavy line bonds, p, n, m, A, q, X, Y, R, R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and E are as defined in the specification, e.g., trans-4-bromo-N-methyl-N-[7-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-2-oxaspiro[4.5]dec-8-yl]benza mide, and trans-3,4-dichloro-N-methyl-N-[7-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-2-oxaspiro[4.5]dec-8-yl] benzeneacetamide, and acid addition salts thereof. Pharmaceutical compositions and methods of using these compounds as analgesics are disclosed. Processes for preparing the class of compounds are also disclosed.

Abstract: Cyclopropanoid cyanoesters of the formula: ##STR1## where R' is --CH.sub.3 or --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.3, and A is (a) --H, or(b) A, B represents an aliphatic group joined to a carbon atom on the cyclopropanoid ring, thereby forming a spiro group, A, B being selected from structures having the formula:(i) --(CH.sub.2).sub.n --, wherein n=3, 4, or 5, and(ii) --(CH.sub.2).sub.2 --Y--(CH.sub.2).sub.2 --, wherein Y is NCH.sub.3, O, or S); and,when A is --H, B is selected from the group consisting of: ##STR2## are disclosed. These compositions are useful in the synthesis of pyrethroids. A process for synthesis of cyclopropanoid cyanoesters by reacting 2-nitropropane with cyanoesters of the general formula: ##STR3## is also disclosed and claimed.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to novel compounds of formulas I or II ##STR1## wherein R is an optionally substituted unsaturated group containing up to 4 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group containing 3 to 10 carbon atoms, a secondary alkyl group containing 3 to 10 carbon atoms, an aromatic group containing up to 14 carbon atoms or a heterocyclic group containing up to 14 carbon atoms; in formula I, m is 0, 1 or 2; n is 1, 2 or 3; R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each independently is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or a hydroxyalkyl or an alkoxymethyl group in which the alkyl portion contains 1 to 6 carbon atoms; X is CH.sub.2 when m is 0, 1 or 2; or X is oxygen when m is 1 or 2; or in formula II, n is 1, 2 or 3; m is 0 or 1; and R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each independently is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or a hydroxyalkyl or an alkoxymethyl group in which the alkyl portion contains 1 to 6 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Disubstituted N,N'-piperazinyl derivatives are disclosed wherein one substituent is heteroaryl and the other is alkylene attached to the ring nitrogen of substituted 2,5-pyrrolidinedion-1-yl moieties. The substitution pattern of the pyrrolidinedione ring involves either geminal disubstitution, including spiro ring fusion, or 3,4-phenyl ring fusion to give phthalimide derivatives. Heteroaryl substitution on the other piperazine nitrogen comprises pyridine, pyrimidine, and benzisothiazole ring systems. Representative examples of these compounds demonstrate useful central nervous system effects.

Abstract: 1,2-Cycloaliphatic diamines and protected diamines of the formulas II and IIa ##STR1## and ##STR2## wherein the wavy line bonds, p, n, R, R.sub.1, R.sub.2, Z, m and Q are as defined in the specification, e.g., (.+-.)-(5.xi.,6.alpha.,7.beta.)-1-[6-methylamino-1-oxaspiro[4.5]dec-7-yl]p yrrolidine, are disclosed and claimed herein. These diamines and protected diamines are useful as intermediates for preparing mono-oxa, and thiaspirocyclic-benzene acetamide and benzamide analgesic compounds.

Abstract: Mono-Oxa-, thiaspirocyclic-benzene-acetamide and -benzamide compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein p, n, m, A, E, R, R.sub.1, R.sub.2, X, Y and Z are as defined in the specification, e.g., (.+-.)-(5.alpha.,7.alpha.,9.beta.)-3,4-dichloro-N-methyl-N-[7-(1-pyrrolidi nyl)-1-oxaspiro[4.5]dec-8-yl]benzeneacetamide, and the pharmacologically acceptable salts thereof, are useful as analgesic compounds having low physical dependence liability, compared to morphine and methodone, and low dysphoria side effects. Some of these compounds have potent analgesic activity when administered orally, and some have low CNS sedative side effects. Pharmaceutical compositions and methods for using these compounds as analgesics are disclosed. Processes for preparing this class of compounds are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present specification provides novel analogs of khellin. These analogs are all useful as antiatherosclerotic agents. Particularly, the present specification provides 4-methoxy, 9-methoxy, or 4,9-dimethoxy-6,7-dihydro-7,7-disubstituted-5H-furo[3,2-g][1]benzopyran-5- ones.

Abstract: Certain spiro ether derivatives are useful as herbicides.