Abstract: The invention relates to a process for carrying out a homogeneously catalyzed C—C coupling reaction between an optionally substituted (hetero)aromatic bromide compound and a second reactant, which is chosen from the group of olefins in which at least one of the substituents on the olefinic sp2 carbon atoms is a hydrogen atom, and the group of organoboron compounds with the formula Ar—B(OR1)—OR2, where Ar stands for an optionally substituted (hetero)aryl group and R1 and R2 each independently represent H or an alkyl group or, together with the O-atoms to which they are bound and the B-atom, form a ring with 2-5 C-atoms, in the presence of an aprotic dipolar solvent and a base, a palladium salt without a ligand being used as palladium catalyst and the reaction being carried out at a ratio between the quantity of palladium present in the palladium salt and the optionally substituted (hetero)aromatic bromine compound of between 0.00001 and 0.1 mol %, preferably between 0.01 and 0.1 mol %.

Abstract: Primary intermediates for hair coloring compositions for oxidative dyeing of hair are compounds of the formula (1): wherein R is hydrogen, hydroxy, nitro, amino, halogen, C1 to C5 alkyl or haloalkyl, C1 to C5 alkoxy or cyclic alkoxy, C1 to C5 hydroxyalkyl and C1 to C5 hydroxyalkoxy; Ar is an aromatic group; and y=1 to 3.

Abstract: Methods are provided for the construction of unsymmetrical biaryl compounds and alkylated aromatic compounds from arylnitriles using a nickel or palladium catalyzed coupling in which the catalyst has at least one phosphine or phosphite ligand.

Abstract: Disclosed is a hydrogenation process for the preparation of 3-methyl-tetrahydrofuran from 2-methyl-gamma-butyrolactone. The above process enables the production of the objective highly pure 3-methyl-tetrahydrofuran free from alcohol in high efficiency and high conversion through a simple production step.

Abstract: Processes are disclosed for the preparation of 2-methylfuran and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran. The continuous vapor-phase processes are commercially viable and efficient because they permit the preparation of 2-methylfuran and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran using commercially-available catalysts, namely, a reduced copper-based catalyst consisting essentially of cupric oxide, chromium (III) oxide, manganese oxide and barium chromate and a reduced nickel-based catalyst consisting essentially of nickel, nickel (II) oxide, aluminum oxide and silica. An apparatus comprising two inline hydrogenators is used for preparing the 2-methylfuran or 2-methyltetrahydrofuran.

Abstract: The invention relates to 2-(3-alkenylbenzoyl)cyclohexane-1,3-diones of the formula I where the variables have the following meanings: R1, R2 are hydrogen, nitro, halogen, cyano, thiocyanato, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, —OR6, —OCOR7, —OSO2R7, —SH, —S(O)nR8, —SO2OR6, —SO2NR6R9, —NR9SO2R7 or —NR9COR7; R3 is hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl; R4, R5 are hydrogen, nitro, halogen, cyano, thiocyanato, alkyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, haloalkoxy, —COR10, —CO2R10, —COSR10, —CONR10R11, —C(R12)═NR13, —PO(OR10)(OR11); unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkyl, phenyl, phenylalkyl, hetaryl or hetarylalkyl; or R4 and R5 together form an alkanediyl chain which can be substituted and/or can be interrupted by a hetero atom; Q is an unsubstituted or substituted cyclohexane-1,3-dione ring wh

Abstract: Compounds of the formula wherein the symbols have the meaning described in the specification, have retinoid-like biological activity.

Abstract: The functionalization of compounds containing carbon-hydrogen bonds utilizing platinum compounds in Shilov-type reactions is improved by using hydrogen peroxide or selected Pt[IV] compounds as an oxidant.

Abstract: A process for producing 3-methyltetrahydrofuran, and processes for producing 3-hydroxy-3-methyltetrahydrofuran and 3-methyldihydrofuran, which are intermediates thereof, are provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for preparing biaryl compounds comprising reacting an arylzinc reagent with an arylchloride in the presence of a nickel catalyst or a palladium catalyst. The present invention specifically provides a process for the preparation of 2-(4′-methylphenyl)benzonitrile comprising reacting a 4-methylphenylzinc reagent with 2-chlorobenzonitrile in the presence of a nickel catalyst or a palladium catalyst.

Abstract: Novel insecticidal compounds, specifically avocadofurans and triolein, isolated from specialized idioblast cells of the avocado. Avocadofurans, 2-(tetradecyl)furan, 2-(pentadecyl)furan, 2-(hexadecyl)furan, 2-(heptadecyl)furan, 2-(octadecyl)furan, 2-(1E-pentadecenyl)furan, 2-(1Z-pentadecenyl)furan, 2-(8Z,11Z-heptadecadienyl)furan, and the triglyceride triolein possessing an insecticidal activity inhibiting larval growth. Insecticidal formulations suitable for control of S. exigua pest.

Abstract: This invention relates to derivatives of furan and thiophene, their composition, process of making and method of use as endothelin receptor antagonists.

Abstract: Compounds according to the formula: ##STR1## wherein: R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of H, loweralkyl, aryl, alkylaryl, aminoalkyl, aminoaryl, halogen, oxyalkyl, oxyaryl, or oxyarylalkyl; R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are each independently selected from the group consisting of H, loweralkyl, oxyalkyl, alkylaryl, aryl, oxyaryl, aminoalkyl, aminoaryl, or halogen; and X and Y are located in the para or meta positions and are each selected from the group consisting of H, loweralkyl, oxyalkyl, and ##STR2## wherein: each R.sub.5 is independently selected from the group consisting of H, loweralkyl, alkoxyalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, or alkylaryl or two R.sub.5 groups together represent C.sub.2 to C.sub.10 alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, or alkylene; and R.sub.

Abstract: A composition and method for the prevention or treatment of HIV-1 infection comprising an HIV-1 reverse transcriptase-inhibiting heterocyclyl carb(ox/thio)anilide compound, a second HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor compound which does not select for the same HIV-1 mutant strain or strains selected for by the heterocyclyl carb(ox/thio)anilide compound, and, optionally, a third HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitor compound.

Abstract: Novel products of formula (I): ##STR1## preparation thereof and pharmaceutical compositions containing said products are disclosed. In formula (I), R is a group of formula --(CH.sub.2).sub.m --X.sub.1 --(CH.sub.2).sub.n --Z, where X.sub.1 is a simple bond or O or S, n is 0 or 1 and n is 0, 1 or 2, the CH.sub.2 groups being optionally substituted by carboxy, alkoxycarbonyl, carbamoyl, alkylcarbamoyl, dialkylcarbamoyl, amino, alkylamino or dialkylamino, and Z is carboxy, COOR.sub.4, where R.sub.4 is alkyl, or CON(R.sub.5)(R.sub.6), where R.sub.5 hydrogen or alkyl and R.sub.6 is hydrogen or optionally substituted alkyl, or else R.sub.5 is hydrogen or alkyl and R.sub.6 is hydroxy, optionally substituted alkoxy or amino, or PO(OR.sub.7).sub.2, where R.sub.7 is hydrogen or alkyl; or a group --NH--CO--T where T is hydrogen or optionally substituted alkyl; or else a group (a); R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are hydrogen or halogen or optionally substituted alkyloxy or alkyl, or else R.sub.1 and R.sub.

Abstract: The present application describes amidinoindoles, amidinoazoles, and analogs thereof of formula I: ##STR1## wherein W, W.sup.1, W.sup.2, and W.sup.3 are selected from CH and N, provided that one of W.sup.1 and W.sup.2 is C(C(.dbd.NH)NH.sub.2) and at most two of W, W.sup.1, W.sup.2, and W.sup.3 are N and one of J.sup.a and J.sup.b is substituted by --(CH.sub.2).sub.n --Z--A--B, which are useful as inhibitors of factor Xa or thrombin.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for producing 3-methyltetrahydrofuran substantially free from any of an alcohol and water which comprises adding an organic solvent capable of forming an azeotropic mixture with an alcohol with an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms to a mixed liquid containing 3-methyltetrahydrofuran, the alcohol and/or water as the principal components and, as the case may be, another substance, and distilling the resultant mixture of the mixed liquid and said organic solvent. According to the above process, it is made possible to efficiently separate a mixture of 3-methyltetrahydrofuran and an alcohol and/or water which mixture is difficult to separate with conventional distillation process alone, thereby efficiently producing the objective 3-methyltetrahydrofuran substantially free from any of an alcohol and water.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein the symbols have the meaning described in the specification, have retinoid-like biological activity.

Abstract: Compounds of Formula 1 ##STR1## wherein Z is selected from the group consisting of the radicals shown in Formula 2 and in Formula 3, ##STR2## Y is cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl of 3 to 8 carbons optionally substituted with one or two R.sub.4 groups, or Y is selected from phenyl, pyridyl, thienyl, furyl, pyrrolyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, and imidazolyl, said groups being optionally substituted with one or two R.sub.4 groups, the divalent Y radical being substituted by the Z and --CR.sub.1 .dbd.CR.sub.1 --CR.sub.1 .dbd.CR.sub.1 groups on adjacent carbons; X is S, O, or NR.sub.5 ; n is 1 or 2; R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 independently are H, lower alkyl or fluoroalkyl; R.sub.3 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, Cl or Br; R.sub.4 is lower alkyl, fluoroalkyl or halogen; R.sub.5 is H or lower alkyl, and B is hydrogen, COOH or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, COOR.sub.8, CONR.sub.9 R.sub.10, --CH.sub.2 OH, CH.sub.2 OR.sub.11, CH.sub.2 OCOR.sub.11, CHO, CH(OR.sub.12).sub.2, CHOR.sub.

Abstract: Process of treatment of mammals, including humans to treat diseases or conditions of the type which are normally treated with retinoid-like compounds is disclosed, with pharmaceutical compositions containing an active compound which is a selective agonist of the RXR retinoid receptor sites in preference to the RAR retinoid receptor sites. A compound is defined to be a selective agonist of the RXR receptor site if the compound is at least approximately ten times more effective as an agonist in the RXR receptor sites than in the RAR receptor sites.

Abstract: An aromatic compound (such as benzene) is alkylated with a alkene (such as propylene) by contacting the two compounds together in the presence of a tungsten on zirconia catalyst. The reaction preferably takes place at elevated temperature and elevated pressure. The process of the invention has very high selectivity and conversion, and produces no or only very low amounts of undesirable oligomers (as measured by bromine number).

Abstract: The invention is an expedient route to synthesizing substituted or unsubstituted aryl-2-propenoic esters. The substituted or unsubstituted aryl-2-propenoic esters are useful in preparing optically active substituted or unsubstituted 2-arylpropanoic acids known to be active anti-inflammatory agents.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula: ##STR1## wherein X is hydrogen, halo, trihalomethyl, alkyl, nitroor cyano; X.sup.1 is hydrogen, halo, or trihalomethyl; R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are hydrogen, alkyl phenyl or benzyl; n is 1 to 5, and Z is halo, cyano, nitro, trihalomethyl, methylthio, methylsulfinyl, methylsulfonyl, acetyl, phenyl, or heterocycle, and compositions containing these compounds exhibit herbicidal activity.

Abstract: Retinoid-like activity is exhibited by compounds of the formula ##STR1## where R is hydrogen or lower alkyl; A is pyridyl, thienyl, furyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl or pyrazinyl; n is 0-5; and B is H, --COOH or an ester or amide thereof, --CH.sub.2 OH or an ether or ester derivative thereof, or --CHO or an acetal derivative thereof, or --COR.sub.1 or a ketal derivative thereof where R.sub.1 is --(CH.sub.2).sub.m CH.sub.3 where m is 0-4; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Abstract: New furans and lactones from streptomycetes, a process for the preparation thereof, and the use thereof.It is possible with the aid of various streptomycetes species to prepared new compounds having a furan or lactone structure. These compounds have a pharmacological, especially antibiotic, action.

Abstract: Process for ring opening compounds of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 is heteroaryl or aryl, R.sup.2 is a leaving group, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 are independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, aralkyl, aryl, heteroaryl and alkenyl, provided that at least one of the groups R.sup.3 to R.sup.6 is other than hydrogen, by breaking the bond joining the carbon atom attached to R.sup.3 and the carbon atom attached to R.sup.6 in organic solution using silica, giving useful diene or allyl derivatives, certain of which are novel.

Abstract: A process for formation of a base, which comprises reacting an acetylide compound with a salt. The acetylide compound has the following formula:(R--C.tbd.C--).sub.n Mwherein R is a monovalent group selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aralkyl group, an aryl group and a heterocyclic group, each of which may have one or more substituent groups; M is an n-valent transition metal atom; and n is 1, 2 or 3. The salt is composed of an anion having an affinity for the transition metal (M) (the affinity of the anion for the transition metal is more than that of the acetylide anion (R--C.tbd.C.crclbar.)), and a cation derived from one selected from the group consisting of an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, ammonia and an organic base. A light-sensitive material containing the acetylide compound and the salt is also disclosed.

Abstract: A process of producing furan and derivatives thereof is disclosed. The process includes generating furfural aldehyde vapors and then passing those vapors over a zeolite catalyst at a temperature and for a residence time effective to decarbonylate the furfural aldehydes to form furans and derivatives thereof. The resultant furan vapors and derivatives are then separated. In a preferred form, the furfural aldehyde vapors are generated during the process of converting biomass materials to liquid and gaseous fuels.

Abstract: 2,5-disubstituted furans are prepared by the cyclization of a 1,4-diketone in the presence of an intermediate or large pore sized acidic zeolite catalyst, preferably at elevated temperatures.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the preparation of aryl carboxylic acids and derivatives thereof by the carbonylation of aryl sulfonyl chlorides. The aryl sulfonyl chlorides are reacted with carbon monoxide and water or an alcohol or amine in the presence of a zero-valent metal catalyst consisting essentially of palladium.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the preparation of aryl carboxylic acids and derivatives thereof by the carbonylation of triaryl sulfonium salts. The triaryl sulfonium salts are reacted with carbon monoxide and water or an alcohol or amine in the presence of a triaryl phosphine and a zero-valent metal catalyst selected from palladium or rhodium.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process transforming an aldehyde into a corresponding alkene, of the type wherein the aldehyde is placed in the presence of a phosphoric reagent and a base in an organic solvent.The process consists in using an alcohol as the solvent and as a base a mineral base which in an aqueous medium evinces a basic strength equal to or less than that of the hydroxide ion, or a strongly basic organic base of the amine family, and in limiting the hydration rate of the reaction medium to a value at most of 10 moles of water per mole of aldehyde.

Abstract: A novel ethynylation process is disclosed which provides an expanded series of novel ethylnyl-terminated aromatic compounds having base sensitive substituents and which facilitates the economic preparation of prior art ethynyl-substituted aromatic compounds.

Abstract: New 2-trimethylsilyloxy-ethylamines are disclosed. They can be prepared by catalytic hydrogenation of 1-trimethylsilyloxynitriles which are substituted in the 2-position.

Abstract: A process for preparing partially known .alpha.-dicyanotrimethylsilyloxy compounds which are intermediates in the production of insecticidal substituted hydroxymalonic acid diamides and are of the general formula ##STR1## comprises reacting a carboxylic anhydride of the general formula ##STR2## at a temperature between 10.degree. and 250.degree. C. with trimethylsilyl cyanide, if appropriate in the presence of a solvent and/or if appropriate in the presence of a catalyst.

Abstract: Improved yields of biaromatic compounds, e.g., unsymmetrical biphenyl compounds, result by incorporating metallic copper in a non-aqueous diazonium-type coupling reaction.

Abstract: Process comprising contacting and reacting a substituted or unsubstituted diolefin polyperoxide, for example, butadienepolyperoxide, with an acidic aqueous medium containing cuprous and cupric ions and a water-soluble agent which forms a water-soluble complex with cuprous ions, and recovering furan or a substituted furan from the reaction mixture.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for converting an aldehyde into a corresponding alkene and of the type wherein the aldehyde is placed in the presence of a phosphoric reagent and a base in solution in an organic aprotic solvent; the process comprising using a mineral base evincing in an aqueous medium a basic force less than or equal to that of the hydroxide ion or a strongly basic organic base of the nitrogen compounds family and adjusting the hydration rate of the reaction medium in such a manner that there are about 0.5 to 5 moles of water per mole of aldehyde.

Abstract: Oxole compounds, e.g. furan, are produced by contacting alkenes and/or alkadienes with molecular oxygen in the presence of an antimony catalyst.

Abstract: This invention provides a convenient and commercially adaptable process for the preparation of vinylcyclopropane derivatives in high yield. For the process an alkylating agent and activated methylene compound are reacted in the presence of a cyclic polyether compound and alkali metal compound. Water can also be present and/or the reaction may be carried out in an inert organic diluent.