Abstract: A device capable of automatically inspecting and diagnosing an inspection location when an abnormal situation occurs to a gas turbine combustor. In an example embodiment, an inspecting and diagnosing device capable of inspecting and diagnosing inspection locations of a plurality of combustors provided in a gas turbine, the inspecting and diagnosing device calculates as result values function values for unit devices of a power generation facility using a combustion gas flow location temperature index (X), an average combustion gas flow temperature index (Y), a gas turbine swirl angle index (Z), and a gas turbine power output index (MW).

Abstract: A precleaner arrangement for separating a portion of entrained material from air flow air entering an engine air cleaner. The precleaner arrangement includes a precleaner housing and at least a first flexible air deflection vane with a fixed portion secured to the precleaner housing and a deflectable portion. The deflectable portion includes a curved section extending from the fixed portion and a tail section extending from the curved section. The deflectable portion is configured to deflect in response to a sufficient air flow rate change through the precleaner arrangement, in use. Some arrangements will also include a second stage, outlet vane assembly.

Abstract: A water extractor for an environmental control system of an aircraft includes a water extraction vessel arranged in fluid communication with the separation mechanism. The water extraction vessel includes a first portion for receiving a first airstream and a second portion for receiving a second airstream. A stationary diffuser is mounted within the second portion.

Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to separating solid particles from an airflow in a gas turbine engine. A system for separating debris includes a first separation device in fluid communication with an inlet flow path of a compressor and a second separation device in fluid communication with an outlet flow path of the compressor and an inlet flow path of a combustor. The first separation device is adapted to remove coarse particles from the airflow. The second separation device is adapted to remove fine particles from the airflow. The course particles have a larger mean particle diameter than the fine particles.

Abstract: A centrifugal separator for separating particles from a fluid has a housing with an inflow opening and an outflow opening. Guide blades that generate a turbulent flow in a fluid flowing into the housing through the inlet opening are provided. The guide blades each have a leading edge. The leading edge of a first guide blade has a first spacing to a cross-sectional plane of the housing and the leading edge of a second guide blade has a second spacing relative to the cross-sectional plane of the housing, wherein the cross-sectional plane is perpendicular to an inflow direction of the fluid. The first spacing and the second spacing are different from each other. The first and second guide blades each have a length and the lengths differ from each other. Several centrifugal separators can be combined to a filter device.

Abstract: Provided are methods and devices for improving microvascular function in humans and mammals. Reduction of exposure to airborne fine particles using air treatment systems increases microvascular function in persons at cardiovascular risk. Preferred treatment systems provide a zone of clean air having >75% reduction in airborne particle counts around a person at cardiovascular risk. The devices and methods can be optimally used during sleep, when the user is stationary for an extended period.

Abstract: A versatile compact air precleaner, air cleaning method and disposable air filter cartridge for air precleaner for separating heavier-than-air particulate debris from debris laden air to provide a clean airflow, wherein a flow path for air passing through a separator chamber of the air precleaner is retroflexed en route to the outlet. A plurality of independently rotatably adjustable housing sections of a housing provide utility with multiple clean air outlet configurations, freedom of direction of ejection of particulate debris from the ejector ports, different inlet configurations, mounting of the precleaner from different sides, accommodation of different sizes of filters, and different clean airflow rate capabilities. A separator chamber end section including the ejector ports is connected to the filter as a removable, disposable air filter cartridge to obviate ejector port clogging with change of filters.

Abstract: Cyclones for gas-solid separators are provided, which are especially applicable for use in a downflowing third stage separator (TSS) for the removal of dust particles, such as solid catalyst fines, from the flue gas streams exiting the catalyst regenerator in fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) processes. A cyclone comprises a barrel and a central hub disposed within the barrel to provide an annular section between the outer diameter of the central hub and the inner diameter of the barrel. Swirl vanes extend radially into the annular section. A shield is disposed at least partially within the annular section and at least partially within the swirl vanes. The shield radially divides the annular section into an inner annular portion and an outer annular portion.

Abstract: A ventilator that is small, lightweight, and portable, yet capable of being quickly adapted to operate in a plurality of different modes and configurations to deliver a variety of therapies to a patent. A porting system having a plurality of sensors structured to monitor a number of parameters with respect to the flow of gas, and a number of porting blocks is used to reconfigure the ventilator so that it operates as a single-limb or dual limb ventilator. In the single-limb configuration, an active or passive exhaust assembly can be provided proximate to the patient. The ventilator is capable of operate in a volume or pressure support mode, even in a single-limb configuration. In addition, a power control mechanism controls the supply of power to the ventilator from an AC power source, a lead acid battery, an internal rechargeable battery pack, and a detachable battery pack.

Abstract: An engine crankcase breather for oil segregation, from blow-by gases, in an engine. The engine crankcase breather includes a housing with an inlet located in a downstream direction of the blow-by gases and an outlet. The breather also includes a baffle within the housing which poses a tortuous path for the blow-by gases, in order to segregate oil particles from the blow-by gases. The baffle includes a hook-shaped portion, in which the oil segregation takes place. The engine crankcase breather further includes a trough extending within the housing. The trough is aligned with the hook-shaped portion of the baffle, to collect the segregated oil from the blow-by gases.

Abstract: A versatile compact air precleaner, air cleaning method and disposable air filter cartridge for air precleaner for separating heavier-than-air particulate debris from debris laden air to provide a clean airflow, wherein a flow path for air passing through a separator chamber of the air precleaner is retroflexed en route to the outlet. A plurality of independently rotatably adjustable housing sections of a housing provide utility with multiple clean air outlet configurations, freedom of direction of ejection of particulate debris from the ejector ports, different inlet configurations, mounting of the precleaner from different sides, accommodation of different sizes of filters, and different clean airflow rate capabilities. A separator chamber end section including the ejector ports is connected to the filter as a removable, disposable air filter cartridge to obviate ejector port clogging with change of filters.

Abstract: A centrifugal separator for separating liquid droplets from a gas flow can be used for scrubbing gases to be emitted into the atmosphere, as well as for separating water, oil and gas condensate droplets from a gas flow in any industry. The separator comprises a cylindrical body with axial gas flow inlet and outlet pipes and separated liquid removal sections located on the end surfaces of the body. A swirler and a central perforated pipe are installed in series and in axial alignment in the body from the gas inlet side. A conical displacer is installed in the perforated central pipe. Separation stage vanes are located between the central pipe and the conical displacer along the entire length of the displacer, and hydraulic seal vanes are placed at the same level between the central pipe and the body. The separator design provides a more efficient separation of liquid droplets from a high-velocity gas flow and can operate in any position.

Abstract: A cyclonic fluid separator has a tubular housing (10) in which the fluid is accelerated and swirl imparting means (2) for inducing the fluid to swirl through an annular space between the housing and a central body (1) mounted within the housing (10), wherein a low pressure fluid (80) is injected through a central opening (82) in the central body (1).

Abstract: A cyclonic separation apparatus for a vacuum cleaner comprising: a cyclone with a longitudinal central axis; a discharge nozzle at a longitudinal end of the cyclone; an air inlet port arranged tangentially through a side of the cyclone; an air outlet port through an opposite longitudinal end of the cyclone; and a dirt container in communication with the cyclone, wherein the dirt container comprises: a base wall penetrated by the discharge nozzle; a top wall spaced apart from the base wall; and a perimeter wall interposing the base wall and the top wall, wherein the dirt container is arranged to convey air flow from the cyclone in an elongate circuit defined by the perimeter wall. A vacuum cleaner comprising: a motor coupled to a fan for generating air flow; and the cyclonic separation apparatus.

Abstract: A device for separating a flowing medium mixture into at least two different fractions with differing average mass density, comprising an elongate separating space which is circle-symmetrical in axial direction and enclosed by a stationary casing (2), wherein the casing is provided with feeds for a mixture for separating and at least two discharges (9, 10) for discharging at least two fractions with differing mass density, and rotation means located in the separating space for causing the mixture to rotate as a vortex in the separating space. Also disclosed is a method for separating a flowing medium mixture.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a fabric filter system, which may be used for removing particulate matter from a gas, such as a combustion process gas. The filter system includes a fabric filter (3) which is placed in a filter compartment. From the filter, gas flows via a filter plenary space (5) to an outlet duct (7), where the gas exits. A flow control device controls the amount of air exiting through the outlet duct. The flow control device comprises a louver-type damper (17). This provides reliable and efficient control of the gas flow. A collar (21), connecting the plenary space (5) with the outlet duct (7), improves the gas flow into the duct.

Abstract: A cyclonic fluid separator has a tubular housing (10) in which the fluid is accelerated and swirl imparting means (2) for inducing the fluid to swirl through an annular space between the housing and a central body (1) mounted within the housing (10), which central body (1) is provided with resonance abatement means, such as: tensioning means (20,22) which apply a tension load to an elongate tail section (8) of the central body (1) such that the natural frequency of the central body (1) is increased; vibration dampening means (31,50,60), which inhibit vibration of at least part (8) of the central body (1); solid particles (31) arranged in a segmented tubular tail section (8) of the central body (1), a viscous liquid (50) arranged between a tubular tail section (8) of the central body (1) and a tensioning rod (51), apertures (60) drilled radially through a tail section (8) of the central body (1); and/or a low pressure fluid (80) injected through a central opening (82) in the central body (1).

Abstract: An inertial gas-liquid separator and method is provided, including variable orifice jet nozzle structure having a variable orifice area dependent upon axial movement of a plunger relative to a housing sleeve, and in another embodiment having first and second flow branches, with the first flow branch being continuously open, and the second flow branch having a variable flow controller controlling flow therethrough.

Abstract: A gas mixing apparatus including a chamber, a filter, a gas transmitting unit and a porous layer is provided. The chamber includes a gas inlet and a gas outlet. The filter, which has at least one opening, is disposed at the gas outlet of the chamber. An environmental gas outside the chamber is filtered and becomes a clean gas after flowing through the filter into the chamber. The gas transmitting unit is connected to the opening of the filter to transmit a gas to be mixed into the chamber through the opening. The porous layer is disposed at the gas outlet. The gas to be mixed is mixed with the clean gas and leaves the chamber through the porous layer.

Abstract: A natural gas reclaimer device includes a pressure vessel with an inlet port and an outlet port. A conditioner is disposed in the pressure vessel to remove contaminants and stabilize the flow of natural gas received by the inlet port and prior to releasing the natural gas from the outlet port for subsequent use.

Abstract: A powered air cleaning system has a flow path extending through the system from an inlet to an outlet. A motor-driven fan is located along the flow path to draw particulate debris laden air into the inlet and rotate it about an axis to form a rotating flow that stratifies the debris laden air with the heaviest particles in the outermost orbits of the rotating flow. An ejector port ejects particulate debris laden air from the stratified rotating flow in the system. At least one de-swirl component located within the rotating flow aerodynamically redirects clean air from the innermost orbits of the stratified rotating flow toward the outlet to provide a positive airflow pressure out of the outlet. The system has a variable speed fan motor and an integrated controller for adjusting the speed of the motor and thereby the flow rate of clean air through the outlet of the system. The controller receives a signal that is a function of airflow requirements of a device supplied with clean air by the system.

Abstract: A filter, in particular for compressed gas systems, includes a filter top part having at least one inlet channel and at least one outlet channel and a filter bottom part having a filter element, wherein the filter top part has a pressure-resistant housing and an insert which is suited in an optimal manner to the course of the inlet and outlet channels.

Abstract: The present invention is related to the separator (dust chamber) for separating solid particles from vapor-gas mixture, particularly to the structure of the dust chamber belonging amongst installation of the plant processing the fossil fuels or materials containing organic matter. The dust chamber (1) for separating solid particles from vapor-gas mixture comprises main body (2) with inner refractory lining (7) arranged to the inner surface of said main body, first and second stage cyclones (3, 4), lamella compensators (18, 19), dust removal conduits (5, 15) and inlet conduit (13) of the vapor-gas mixture into the first cyclone (3). The main body (2) of the dust chamber (1) is manufactured in all height from the cylinder of equal diameter and first and second stage cyclones (3, 4) are placed outside of the main body (2) of the dust chamber (1).

Abstract: A powered air cleaning system has a flow path extending through the system from an inlet to an outlet. A motor-driven fan is located along the flow path to draw particulate debris laden air into the inlet and rotate it about an axis to form a rotating flow that stratifies the debris laden air with the heaviest particles in the outermost orbits of the rotating flow. An ejector port ejects particulate debris laden air from the stratified rotating flow in the system. At least one de-swirl component located within the rotating flow aerodynamically redirects clean air from the innermost orbits of the stratified rotating flow toward the outlet to provide a positive airflow pressure out of the outlet. The system has a variable speed fan motor and an integrated controller for adjusting the speed of the motor and thereby the flow rate of clean air through the outlet of the system. The controller receives a signal that is a function of airflow requirements of a device supplied with clean air by the system.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a cyclone for separating fine particles from a gas. The cyclone includes a cyclone body having an upper end with an inlet and a lower end with a particulate outlet, gas outlet tube with an upper end that extends upwardly into the lower end of the cyclone body, and a vortex breaker. The upper end of the gas outlet tube is connected to the lower end of the cyclone body by a slip joint. The configuration of the cyclone provides for efficient removal of fine particles as compared to conventional techniques. A vessel containing cyclones, and methods of separation using the cyclones and vessel, also are disclosed.

Abstract: A dust collector includes a shell, an exit tube, an inner tube, a suction device, a first dust container, a bypass tube and a first dust bag. The shell defines a first receiving room therein. The exit tube defines an exit passage therein. The inner tube defines a connection passage which has a first opening and a second opening. The first opening communicates the first receiving room, and the second opening communicates the exit passage. The suction device provides the exit passage with a negative pressure. The first dust container defines a second receiving room therein. A mesh is disposed on a bottom surface of the first dust container to divide the second receiving room into a first chamber and a second chamber. The bypass tube defines a bypass passage therein, and it communicates the connection passage with the second chamber. The first dust bag is disposed in the first chamber.

Abstract: A centrifugal separator for separating liquid droplets from a gas flow can be used for scrubbing gases to be emitted into the atmosphere, as well as for separating water, oil and gas condensate droplets from a gas flow in any industry. The separator comprises a cylindrical body with axial gas flow inlet and outlet pipes and separated liquid removal sections located on the end surfaces of the body. A swirler and a central perforated pipe are installed in series and in axial alignment in the body from the gas inlet side. A conical displacer is installed in the perforated central pipe. Separation stage vanes are located between the central pipe and the conical displacer along the entire length of the displacer, and hydraulic seal vanes are placed at the same level between the central pipe and the body. The separator design provides a more efficient separation of liquid droplets from a high-velocity gas flow and can operate in any position.

Abstract: A two-stage blade-type mist eliminator is provided. In general, both stages include a plurality of impingement blades arranged to form a vaulted or inverted V-shaped profile. The first stage defines a larger included angle than the second stage. Advantageously, the corresponding terminal ends of each stage can be supported by a common support member.

Abstract: A cyclone dust collector includes a cyclone body including a first cyclone chamber to centrifugally separate dust from drawn-in air for a first time, a plurality of second cyclone chambers to centrifugally separate dust from the drawn-in air for a second time, and a plurality of discharge ports to cause the drawn-in air to be discharged from the plurality of second cyclone chambers; an upper cover to cover an upper portion of the cyclone body, the upper cover having an inner wall facing the plurality of discharge ports; and a noise reduction part disposed between the plurality of discharge ports and the inner wall of the upper cover, to reduce noise generated inside the upper cover by the air discharged through the plurality of discharge ports. Therefore, it is possible to reduce noise generated inside the upper cover of the cyclone dust collector.

Abstract: An airflow shaper for use in an air cleaner is provided according to an embodiment of the invention. The airflow shaper includes a body including a substantially central axis and a raised central region formed on the body. The raised central region transitions an impinging axial airflow into a substantially radial airflow or transitions an impinging radial airflow into a substantial axial airflow.

Abstract: A gas mixing apparatus including a chamber, a filter, a gas transmitting unit and a porous layer is provided. The chamber includes a gas inlet and a gas outlet. The filter, which has at least one opening, is disposed at the gas outlet of the chamber. An environmental gas outside the chamber is filtered and becomes a clean gas after flowing through the filter into the chamber. The gas transmitting unit is connected to the opening of the filter to transmit a gas to be mixed into the chamber through the opening. The porous layer is disposed at the gas outlet. The gas to be mixed is mixed with the clean gas and leaves the chamber through the porous layer.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a cyclone for separating fine particles from a gas. The cyclone includes a cyclone body having an upper end with an inlet and a lower end with a particulate outlet, gas outlet tube with an upper end that extends upwardly into the lower end of the cyclone body, and a vortex breaker. The upper end of the gas outlet tube is connected to the lower end of the cyclone body by a slip joint. The configuration of the cyclone provides for efficient removal of fine particles as compared to conventional techniques. A vessel containing cyclones, and methods of separation using the cyclones and vessel, also are disclosed.

Abstract: A cyclone dust collecting apparatus for a vacuum cleaner according to the present disclosure includes a cover having a suction port forcing entering air to form a whirling air current; a cyclone body connected to the cover, the cyclone body having a discharging pipe discharging the entered air; a grill disposed at the discharging pipe; and a grill cleaning unit movably disposed at the discharging pipe so as to remove dust attached to the grill.

Abstract: A negative pressure dust collector with a dust receiving bag comprises a ventilation hood and an exhaust device. The ventilation hood includes a motor, fan blades, and a first exit. A dust collection tank is positioned below the first exit. The exhaust device comprises a ventilation tube and a flexible tube.

Abstract: An inertial gas-liquid separator has a variable flow actuator movable to open and close a variable number of accelerating flow nozzles.

Abstract: An inertial gas-liquid separator and method is provided, including variable orifice jet nozzle structure having a variable orifice area dependent upon axial movement of a plunger relative to a housing sleeve, and in another embodiment having first and second flow branches, with the first flow branch being continuously open, and the second flow branch having a variable flow controller controlling flow therethrough.

Abstract: Disclosed is a multi-cyclone dust separating apparatus including a primary cyclone for centrifugally separating impurities from the sucked air, a plurality of secondary cyclones for centrifugally separating impurities from the air supplied from the primary cyclone, inflow guide paths for guiding the air discharged from the primary cyclone to the plurality of secondary cyclones, and discharge guide tubes partially inserted into the secondary cyclones, for externally discharging the air of the secondary cyclones. The discharge guide tubes include cylindrical portions having a predetermined height, and intercepting portions extended from the bottom ends of the cylindrical portions by a predetermined length, for preventing the air supplied to the secondary cyclones from being directly discharged to the discharge guide tubes.

Abstract: A process in connection with a pipe (1) for transforming a dispersed gas/liquid flow into laminar stratified flow. The solution involves a first set of stationary guide blades (6) arranged in the pipe (1) and designed to rotate the liquid/gas flow. The pipe (1) is, in turn, connected to a second pipe (2) with the same or a different diameter and, in the transition between the pipe (1) and the second pipe (2), there is a second set of blades or a device (8) that is designed to stop the rotation of the gas. The natural flow pattern of the gas/liquid in the second pipe (2) then becomes stratified over a predefined distance.

Abstract: A dust collection unit for a vacuum cleaner includes a first filtering chamber filtering relatively large foreign objects, a second filtering chamber filtering relatively small foreign objects when air exhausted from the first filtering chamber is introduced into the second filtering chamber, an exhaust member disposed above the filtering chambers to guide airflow, a storing chamber disposed under the filtering chambers to store the foreign objects filtered in the filtering chambers, a sealing member sealing bottoms of the filtering chambers, and a rectifying unit formed on an exhaust side of the second filtering chamber to rectify airflow, thereby reducing noise generated by the airflow.

Abstract: A device for filtering a gas flowing through a line, particularly for filtering the air flow in an intake line of an internal combustion engine, including a filter element which is insertable in a line section and surrounds a longitudinally extending interior cavity in the manner of a cover. In order to equalize the flow of gas, a choke element is furnished with at least one breakthrough in the interior cavity and divides the inner cavity into two sub-sections that are connected to one another via the at least one breakthrough.

Abstract: A cyclonic separating apparatus for separating solid material from a fluid includes a separating chamber, an inlet communicating with the separating chamber for carrying the fluid with the solid matter entrained therein to the separating chamber, and an outlet for carrying the fluid away from the separating chamber after the solid material has been separated therefrom. The outlet is formed by a conduit communicating with the interior of the separating chamber and having a longitudinal axis. A plurality of grooves are formed in an interior surface of the conduit outlet and extend in the same direction as the longitudinal axis. The presence of the grooves in the outlet has the effect of reducing noise generated by the apparatus when in use and also improves pressure recovery.

Abstract: An inertial gas-liquid separator has a variable flow actuator movable to open and close a variable number of accelerating flow nozzles.

Abstract: A cyclone dust collecting apparatus comprises at least one second cyclone unit having a first cyclone unit, an air passage for guiding air discharging via the first cyclone unit, and a discharge pipe wherein the discharge pipe comprises a passage guide member for guiding air discharged from the second cyclone unit. Because the passage guide member is mounted in the discharge pipe of the second cyclone part, a load of suction source reduces to decrease power consumption for operation of a cyclone dust collecting apparatus.

Abstract: A cyclone dust collecting apparatus has a cyclone body having an air inlet for drawing in, contaminant-laden air and an air outlet connected with a vacuum suction source. The vacuum provided by the vacuum source draws air from the air outlet, which passes through the cyclone body from the air inlet. As the air flows through the cyclone body, it forms a whirling stream in the cyclone body. The whirling stream creates a centrifugal force on particles that are suspended in the air, which, because of their greater mass, causes them to become separated from air that is drawn out of the whirling stream and into the air outlet by the vacuum source. The air outlet is provided with a passage guide member arranged in the air outlet that reduces the speed of air discharged via the air outlet and also for guiding a flow streamline.

Abstract: An air filtration cartridge has annular filter media having a hollow interior and extending axially between first and second distally opposite end caps. The first end cap is an outlet end cap having flow straightening structure integrally formed therewith and spanning the hollow interior. The second end cap is a closed end cap having an interior face having quarter wave resonators formed by blind holes therein.

Abstract: A separating apparatus which enables particles to be separated from a flowing medium by a preliminary separator which avoids the undesirably high pressure losses due to the flow resistance of known preliminary separators. The separating apparatus has a housing with an inlet and an outlet, in which a flow of air at the inlet end is caused to rotate by an inlet guide device, and is redirected again at the outlet end by an outlet guide device into a linear flow. The pressure recovery is achieved by a defined curvature and arrangement of the guide elements. The guide element curvature has an inlet contour, a retarding contour and a stabilizing contour. Preliminary separators of this type are used primarily in the air intake tracts of internal combustion engines exposed to heavy contamination, such as engines in farm machinery or construction machinery.

Abstract: A personal tabletop-type air cleaner is provided which is user-friendly and can improve smoke sucking efficiency in a simple configuration. The disclosed personal tabletop-type air cleaner has a front opening portion to suck air containing smoke of a cigarette, a blower to forcedly feed air having been sucked into the front opening portions in a centrifugal manner, a pair of right and left peripheral opening portions each being placed in a fringe portion on the right and the left at a front of the air cleaner and forming an air curtain by emitting air fed forcedly from the blower ahead of the front of the air cleaner, a dust collecting filter being placed between the front opening portion and the blower to remove cigarette odor, and a deodorizing filter being placed between the blower and each peripheral opening portion making up the pair of right and left peripheral opening portions to remove cigarette odor.

Abstract: The present invention is a separation apparatus that combines the effects of a cylindrical vortex and a series of partial toroidal vortices. The toroidal vortex and cylindrical vortex fluid flows combined provide better separation than either fluid flow alone. Moreover, the present invention may be constructed such that an arbitrary number of partial toroidal vortices, in series, having relatively small radii are formed thereby allowing any level of separation to be achieved.

Abstract: An apparatus for separation of a liquid from a multi-phase fluid flow flowing through a pipeline, wherein the fluid flow is set in rotation so that it is separated into a central zone (5) essentially containing gas, and an outer annular zone (6) essentially containing liquid, and from which the gas and the liquid in the two-zones are discharged via respective outlet means (10, 16). The apparatus comprises an essentially tubular casing (1) arranged to constitute a part of the actual pipeline, a spin element (4) for rotation of the fluid flow being located at the upstream end of the casing (1). The outlet means for the gas comprises an outlet element (10) arranged at the downstream end of the casing (1) and having a central, axially extending passage (11) for the gas, and an outer surface which, together with the inner surface of the casing (1), forms an annulus (12) for the inflow of liquid, a barrier (15) for the liquid being formed at the downstream end of the element (10).

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved vacuum cleaning apparatus utilizing a self-sustained vortex flow in a centrifugal separator. More specifically, vortex flow is maintained via pressure differentials allowing the ejection of dust and other particles without bags, filters, or liquid baths. Furthermore, the impeller inside of the separator serves the dual purpose of moving air through the system as well as creating a cylindrical vortex fluid flow providing an efficient and simple configuration. Also disclosed herein is a complete toroidal vortex vacuum cleaner in which a toroidal vortex nozzle is used in conjunction with the centrifugal separator. The vacuum cleaner exhibits recirculating airflow that not only prevents unseparated dust from escaping into the atmosphere, but also conserves the kinetic energy of the flowing air. The present invention excels in producing clean air of a better quality more efficiently, more quietly, and more simply than the prior art.