Abstract: The present invention relates generally to novel methods of preparing compounds such as sulfate betaines by reacting an amine with a cyclic (poly)glycerol sulphate (CGS) compound and the compound such as sulfate betaine products obtained by using the same.

Abstract: A compound for absorbing sunlight and converting the sunlight into electrical energy, which is formed by coupling a fullerene with at least one or more triarylamine derivatives. The fullerene is selected from among those having carbon numbers C60, C70, C78, C82 and C84, and the triarylamine derivatives are coupled with at least one or more aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons and are also coupled with a dopant. A method of manufacturing the compound includes steps of synthesizing a fullerene derivative, synthesizing fullerene-triarylamine, wherein a fullerene-triarylamine adduct is prepared by coupling the fullerene derivative with a triarylamine derivative, preparing an adduct solution by dissolving the fullerene-triarylamine adduct in an organic solvent, and conducting a doping reaction by adding an acid dropwise slowly to the adduct solution.

Abstract: Presently described are curable compositions comprising a mixture of at least one (e.g. free-radically) polymerizable ionic liquid and at least one other ethylenically unsaturated monomer, oligomer, or polymer. The polymerizable ionic liquid is characterized as having an air to nitrogen curing exotherm ratio of at least 0.70. Also described are articles and methods of making articles from such curable compositions. A monofunctional polymerizable ionic liquid is also described comprising a non-polymerizable substituted imidazolium cationic group and a polymerizable sulfonate anion.

Abstract: Disclosed are compositions and methods of using such compositions for inhibiting matrix metalloproteinase activity in dental tissue. The compositions, methods and uses may prevent degradation of the bonding between restorative materials and dental tissues, thereby increasing durability and longevity of the restorative material-dental tissue bonds. For example, the compositions, methods, and uses of the present invention may be used for treating carious dental tissue such as by the creation of dental fillings, crowns, bridges, among other techniques, as well as the creation of esthetic laminate restorations.

Abstract: A compound for absorbing sunlight and converting the sunlight into electrical energy, which is formed by coupling a fullerene with at least one or more triarylamine derivatives. The fullerene is selected from among those having carbon numbers C60, C70, C78, C82 and C84, and the triarylamine derivatives are coupled with at least one or more aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons and are also coupled with a dopant. A method of manufacturing the compound includes steps of synthesizing a fullerene derivative, synthesizing fullerene-triarylamine, wherein a fullerene-triarylamine adduct is prepared by coupling the fullerene derivative with a triarylamine derivative, preparing an adduct solution by dissolving the fullerene-triarylamine adduct in an organic solvent, and conducting a doping reaction by adding an acid dropwise slowly to the adduct solution.

Abstract: A process for benzylating an alcohol includes mixing 2-benzyloxy-1-methylpyridinium triflate in an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent having a predetermined boiling point; adding an acid scavenger to the mixture; combining the alcohol to be benzylated with the mixture; reacting the alcohol with the 2-benzyloxy-1-methylpyridinium triflate by heating above ambient temperature to generate the benzylated alcohol; and separating the benzylated alcohol from the mixture.

Abstract: The present invention refers to hair dye compositions comprising one or more dyestuffs of the general formula (I) wherein R, X, Y and Z are defined as given in claim 1 and a process for colouring hair.

Abstract: A novel 4-halo-2-oxyimino-3-oxo butyric acid-N,N-dimethyl formiminium chloride chlorosulfate of formula (I) useful in the preparation of cephalosporin antibiotics wherein X is chlorine or bromine; R is hydrogen, C1-4 alkyl group, an easily removable hydroxyl protective group, —CH2COOR5, or —C(CH3)2COOR5, wherein R5 is hydrogen or an easily hydrolysable ester group. The compound of formula (I) is prepared by reacting 4-halo-2-oxyimino-3-oxobutyric acid of formula (IV1), wherein X, R and R5 are as defined above, with N,N-dimethylformiminium chloride chlorosulphate of formula (VII) in an organic solvent at a temperature ranging from ?30° C. to ?15° C. The cephalosporins that may be prepared from the intermediate include cefdinir, cefditoren pivoxil, cefepime, cefetamet pivoxil, cefixime, cefmenoxime, cefodizime, cefoselis, cefotaxime, cefpirome, cefpodoxime proxetil, cefquinome, ceftazidime, cefteram pivoxil, ceftiofur, ceftizoxime, ceftriaxone and cefuzonam.

Abstract: The invention relates to amido-functional aminopolydiorganosiloxanes, a method for the preparation thereof, formulations containing such amido-functional aminopolydiorganosiloxanes, and the use thereof.

Abstract: Compounds of Formula I Each R is independently linear or branched C1 to C8 alkyl, or linear or branched C1 to C8 alkoxy or one R is H and the other R is linear or branched C1 to C8 alkyl, or linear or branched C1 to C8 alkoxy; R1 is selected from the group consisting of COCH3, CO2R3, CONH2, CONH(R4)2, CN, COX(CH2)n-N—(R2)(R4)(R3), and the quaternized salt form of the formula COX(CH2)n-N—(R2)(R4)(R3)+Y−; X is O or NH; n is an integer of 1 to 5; Y is an anion; and R2, R3 and R4 are independently linear or branched C1 to C20. Hair care formulations and other compounds containing compounds of Formula I, and methods for protecting hair and substrates such as polymers, textiles, fabrics, leathers and paints using the compounds herein.

Abstract: A process is reported for preparation of quaternary ammonium-type carbonate esters which are useful as bleach precursors in detergent compositions. The process involves transesterification of low molecular weight carbonates, e.g. diphenyl carbonate, with quaternary ammonium functionalized alcohols, e.g. choline chloride. Preferably the reaction is run in a high dielectric constant aprotic solvent such as acetonitrile. The reaction may also be conducted neat utilizing liquefied carbonate reactant as a solvent medium.

Abstract: A method for synthesizing an acyloxycarboxylic acid by providing a reaction chamber, establishing sources of an .alpha.-hydroxycarboxylic acid and an acid chloride, and repeatedly contacting substantially equal molar amounts of the .alpha.-hydroxycarboxylic acid and the acid chloride within the reaction chamber. The acyloxycarboxylic acid so synthesized is useful as a starting material for conversion to various esters which, when placed in aqueous solution with a source of hydrogen peroxide, result in a peracid and are useful for bleaching applications.

Abstract: Fatty acid esters of oxalkylated alkylalkylenediamines, which may be quaternized:Esters of oxalkylated alkylalkylenediamines, which may be quaternized, of the formula ##STR1## where the individual symbols have the meaning given in the description, process for their production and their use as corrosion inhibitors, particularly in crude oil recovery plants and crude oil treatment plants.