Abstract: A method of recovering ammonia by the distillation of an aqueous solution containing ammonia, carbon dioxide and hydrogen cyanide. The distillation is conducted using a distillation apparatus having at least its portion which comes into contact with the aqueous solution made of an alloy 1 or alloy 2. The alloy 1 contains 3% by weight or more of molybdenum, 15% by weight or more of nickel and 15% by weight or more of chromium. The alloy 2 contains 1% by weight or more of molybdenum, 9% by weight or less of nickel and 20% by weight or more of chromium. The use of the alloy 1 or alloy 2 prevents the corrosion of the distillation apparatus and enables the stable recovery of ammonia for a long period of time.

Abstract: Supported catalysts comprising a support having a mean diameter of ?78 ?m, a vanadium oxide, an antimony oxide, one or more alkali metal or alkaline earth metal oxides, and one or more oxides of tungsten, molybdenum, titanium, iron, cobalt, nickel, manganese, potassium, copper or mixtures thereof; processes for preparing said catalysts; and processes for preparing an aromatic or heteroaromatic nitrile in the presence of such a supported catalyst.

Abstract: A novel process for industrially producing an aromatic nitrile compound represented by the following general formula (3): characterized in that one of an aromatic hydroxymethyl compound, an aromatic alkoxymethyl compound and an aromatic aldehyde compound, all represented by the following general formula (1): or a mixture thereof is reacted with an oxidized bromine compound represented by the general formula (2) MBrOm ??(2) in the presence of an acid catalyst and either ammonia or an ammonium sat.

Abstract: In a process for producing a nitrile compound comprising introducing a carbon ring or heterocyclic compound having organic substituents, ammonia and the air into a reactor and reacting the introduced compounds in the presence of a catalyst, during the reaction, a residual gas obtained after the formed nitrile compound is separated from a reaction gas discharged from the reactor is recycled to the reactor in an amount of 10 to 60% by volume based on the amount of the fresh raw material gas supplied to the reactor and the ratio of the amount by mole of molecular oxygen to the amount by mole of the organic substituent in the carbon ring or heterocyclic compound having organic substituents supplied to the reactor (O2/organic substituent) is kept within 1.5 to 7. The reaction is achieved under an advantageous condition and the nitrile compound can be produced industrially advantageously at a higher yield.

Abstract: A method of making a benzoyl halide is disclosed. Into a reactor is placed a reaction mixture of a benzotrihalide and a benzaldehyde having the respective general formulas where each A is independently selected from halogen, CF3, R, or OR, each B is independently selected from halogen, CF3, or R, R is alkyl from C1 to C10 or aryl from C6 to C12, each X is independently selected from Cl and Br, m is 0 to 3, and n is 0 to 2. Also added is at least about 10 ppm of a catalyst selected from the group consisting of zinc salts and copper salts, and an optional solvent. The addition of an ammonium halide to the product mixture forms the corresponding amide, which can be dehydrated to form the corresponding nitrile.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for making an aromatic nitrile by reacting a benzotrichloride with an ammonium halide in the presence of an oxygen-donating initiator at a temperature of about 150.degree. to about 250.degree. C. An optional catalyst of a metal oxide or a metal salt can be used if desired.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of making an aromatic nitrile by reacting a benzotrichloride having the formula ##STR1## with a source of ammonia, where Z is R, X, ##STR2## --ROR, or --OR, R is alkyl from C.sub.1 to C.sub.20 or aryl from C.sub.1 to C.sub.25, X is halogen and n is 0 to 5. The reaction is performed in the presence of 0.01 to about 5 wt % of a catalyst having the general formula M.sub.P/2 O or MX.sub.p .cndot.mH.sub.2 O and about 0.01 to about 5 wt % water, as free water or water of hydration, based on the weight of the benzotrichloride, where M is beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, or barium, m is 0 to 6, and p is the valence of M.

Abstract: A process for producing a 5-fluorobenzoic acid of the formula (V), which comprises trichloromethylating a fluorobenzene of the formula (I) to obtain a 5-fluorobenzotrichloride of the formula (II), then reacting it with aqueous ammonia to obtain a 5-fluorobenzonitrile of the formula (III), reacting it with a fluorinating agent to obtain a 5-fluorobenzonitrile of the formula (IV) and hydrolyzing it: ##STR1## wherein each of X.sub.1, X.sub.3, Y.sub.1 and Y.sub.3 is a halogen atom, and each of X.sub.2 and Y.sub.2 is hydrogen or a halogen atom.

Abstract: A process for the separation of ortho-, meta- and para-tolunitrile from ternary mixtures of isomers entails removing ortho-tolunitrile from these mixtures by distillation under pressures of from 10.sup.2 and 10.sup.5 Pa and with a reflux ratio of from 1:1 to 200:1, and distilling the remaining binary mixture of meta- and para-tolunitrile to concentrate to more than 75 mol-% para-tolunitrile, and freezing out the paratolunitrile at below 26.degree. C., and a process for the preparation of suitable ternary mixtures of isomers entails isomerization of pure ortho-, meta- or para-tolunitrile or mixtures thereof at from 380.degree. to 580.degree. C. on zeolite catalysts.

Abstract: A compound of the formula: ##STR1## useful as a fungicidal agent against phytopathogenic fungi, particularly their strains resistant to benzimidazole, thiophanate and/or cyclic imide fungicides.

Abstract: A regeneration process for tellurium-containing metal oxide catalysts used in the process for oxidation, ammoxidation or oxidative dehydrogenation of organic compounds at a temperature of about 300.degree. C. to about 600.degree. C. The process can be effectively applied to such catalysts which have become partially deactivated during the reaction.