Abstract: Provided are surfactant compositions that are useful as alternatives to alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEs) type surfactants in emulsion polymerization. The surfactant compositions comprise: an alkyl alkoxylate sulfate of formula (I): R1O—(CH2CH(R2)—O)x—(CH2CH2O)y—SO3M wherein R1, R2, x, y, and M are as defined herein.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for mineral oil extraction by means of Winsor type III microemulsion flooding, in which an aqueous surfactant formulation comprising at least three ionic surfactants which are different with regard to the alkyl moiety (R1)(R2)—CH—CH2— and are of the general formula (R1)(R2)—CH—CH2—O-(D)n-(B)m-(A)l-XYa?a/bMb+ is injected through injection boreholes into a mineral oil deposit, and crude oil is withdrawn from the deposit through production boreholes. The invention further relates to surfactant formulations of ionic surfactants of the general formula.

Abstract: A method, system, and composition for producing oil from a formation utilizing an oil recovery formulation comprising a surfactant, an ammonia liquid, an alkali metal carbonate or bicarbonate, a polymer, and water are provided.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a process for the production of ethionic acid by reacting ethanol with sulfur trioxide in a molar ratio of 1:2 at a temperature from 40 to 100° C. in a falling film reactor while cooling the reactor with a cooling means.

Abstract: In a method for cooling liquid, when a liquid containing a volatile component and a surfactant is supplied to an atmosphere having a pressure which is lower than or equal to the saturated vapor pressure of the volatile component so that at least a portion of the volatile component is vaporized, whereby the liquid is cooled, a gas other than the volatile component is introduced into the atmosphere having the pressure so that the gas contacts the liquid.

Abstract: Apparatus and processes for removing dioxane from a composition, e.g., an ethoxylated fatty alcohol sulfate paste, utilize an evaporator having an inlet chamber and one or more heated channels. The process includes the step of heating the composition at a location upstream of the flow restriction to a temperature above the flashing temperature of water at a pressure of the channel inlet and applying a pressure to the heated composition to avoid such flashing. The process further includes the step of passing the pressurized, heated composition through the evaporator. The process can further include injecting a vapor into the channel. The purified, concentrated product can be diluted with water to a desired concentration.

Abstract: Alkyl ether sulfates having 1 to 9 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain and 1 to 20 alkyleneoxy units in the ether moiety are suitable for use as low-foam additives for enhancing the activity of water-soluble or partially water-soluble agrochemicals. They can be used to produce low-foam preparations for crop protection.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of treating a hydrocarbon containing formation, comprising: (a) providing a composition to at least a portion of the hydrocarbon containing formation, wherein the composition comprises an anionic surfactant based on an alkoxylated primary alcohol having a branched aliphatic group, which group has an average carbon number of from 9 to 15 and an average number of branches of from 0.5 to 2.5, and having an average of at least 0.5 mole of alkylene oxide groups per mole of primary alcohol; and (b) allowing the composition to interact with hydrocarbons in the hydrocarbon containing formation. Further, the invention relates to the hydrocarbon recovery composition that is used in said method.

Abstract: Apparatus and processes for removing dioxane from a composition, e.g., an ethoxylated fatty alcohol sulfate paste, utilize an evaporator having an inlet chamber and one or more heated channels. The process includes the step of heating the composition at a location upstream of the flow restriction to a temperature above the flashing temperature of water at a pressure of the channel inlet and applying a pressure to the heated composition to avoid such flashing. The process further includes the step of passing the pressurized, heated composition through the evaporator. The process can further include injecting a vapor into the channel. The purified, concentrated product can be diluted with water to a desired concentration.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for preparing an adjuvant for agricultural applications, characterized in that a polyhydric alcohol, polyol, saccharide, or polysaccharide is reacted with a sulfonating agent, such as sulphamic acid.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon recovery composition comprising vinylidene based alkoxylate derivatives. A method of treating a crude oil formation and a method of preparing the hydrocarbon recovery composition are also described.

Abstract: Provided herein are inter alia novel compositions and methods having application in the field of enhanced oil recovery. In particular, the short hydrophobe compounds and mixtures thereof presented herein can be used, inter alia, for the recovery of a large range of crude oil compositions from challenging reservoirs.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for manufacturing surfactants for utilization in petroleum industry operations. The method comprises providing a bio-lipid. The bio-lipid can include one or more medium-chain or long-chain fatty acids, such as Lauric acid, Myristic acid, Palmitic acid, Stearic acid, Palmitoleic acid, Oleic acid, Ricinoleic acid, Vaccenic acid, Linoleic acid, Alpha-Linoleic acid, or Gamma-Linolenic acid. Fatty acid alkyl esters are produced by reacting the bio-lipid with a low-molecular weight alcohol. The fatty acid alkyl esters are reduced to a fatty alcohol. The fatty alcohol is dimerized to form a Guerbet alcohol, which is a precursor to producing surfactant for utilization in a petroleum industry operation, such as an enhanced oil recovery process.

Abstract: A method of making a styryl phenol alkoxylate sulfate surfactant by alkoxylation of a styryl phenol using propylene oxide (PO) and/or ethylene oxide (EO) followed by a sulfation reaction. The styrylphenol alkoxylate sulfate surfactant of the present invention is made by a facile and inexpensive method. The large hydrophobe surfactants of the present invention find uses in EOR applications where it is used for solubilization and mobilization of oil optionally containing asphaltene, and for environmental cleanup. Further, the unsulfated version of the large hydrophobe styrylphenol alkoxylate surfactant of the present invention can be used as an ultra-high molecular weight non-ionic surfactant.

Abstract: Anionic acid-labile surfactants may generally comprise compounds represented by the formula: wherein R1 is independently selected from —(CH2)0-9CH3, R2 is selected from the group consisting of —H and —(CH2)0-5CH3, Y is an anion, X is a cation, and n is an integer from 1 to 8. Methods of making and using the anionic acid-labile surfactants are also described. The anionic acid-labile surfactants may be used to facilitate the solubilization of proteins and other molecules in an aqueous environment.

Abstract: Anionic acid-labile surfactants may generally comprise compounds represented by the formula: wherein R1 is independently selected from —(CH2)0-9CH3, R2 is selected from the group consisting of —H and —(CH2)0-5CH3, Y is an anion, X is a cation, and n is an integer from 1 to 8. Methods of making and using the anionic acid-labile surfactants are also described. The anionic acid-labile surfactants may be used to facilitate the solubilization of proteins and other molecules in an aqueous environment.

Abstract: In a method for cooling liquid, when a liquid containing a volatile component and a surfactant is supplied to an atmosphere having a pressure which is lower than or equal to the saturated vapor pressure of the volatile component so that at least a portion of the volatile component is vaporized, whereby the liquid is cooled, a gas other than the volatile component is introduced into the atmosphere having the pressure so that the gas contacts the liquid.

Abstract: The present invention provides an amphiphile of the formula (I) as described hereinafter. The invention further relates to a process for preparing the amphiphile and to a composition comprising the amphiphile and a sparingly water-soluble active ingredient. It further relates to a process for producing the composition by contacting the amphiphile and the active ingredient, and to the use of the amphiphile for solubilizing a sparingly water-soluble active ingredient in aqueous solutions. The invention also relates to the use of the amphiphile in an agrochemical formulation comprising the amphiphile and a pesticide for controlling phytopathogenic fungi and/or unwanted vegetation and/or unwanted insect or mite infestation and/or for regulating the growth of plants, and finally to plant propagation material comprising the amphiphile.

Abstract: Low foam, non-gelling surfactants include certain non-ionic alcohol ethoxylate surfactants and anionic ether sulfate surfactants formed therefrom, and processes for preparing the same. Also included are agricultural formulations including agriculturally active ingredients in combination with certain anion ether sulfate surfactants.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel compounds of general formula I wherein M represents hydrogen, or a metallic cation, preferably an alkaline metal, or alkaline-earth metal, and n is equal to 1, 2 or 3. The present invention also comprises compounds of general formula I in their equilibrium forms, including lactonic forms, their enantiomers in pure form, or in an enriched form in one of the optical isomers, racemic mixtures, diastereomers and solvates thereof. The present invention further relates to processes for the preparation of compounds of general formula I, to pharmaceutical compositions comprising compounds of general formula I as only active ingredient, or in association with other active ingredients. Another aspect of the invention is the use of compounds of general formula I for the treatment of dyslipidemia, associated, or not, to other metabolic disorders, such as glucose intolerance syndrome and type 1 or 2 diabetes mellitus, by means of isolated administration or combined with other substances.

Abstract: A method of making a styryl phenol alkoxylate sulfate surfactant by alkoxylation of a styryl phenol using propylene oxide (PO) and/or ethylene oxide (EO) followed by a sulfation reaction. The styrylphenol alkoxylate sulfate surfactant of the present invention is made by a facile and inexpensive method. The large hydrophobe surfactants of the present invention find uses in EOR applications where it is used for solubilization and mobilization of oil optionally containing asphaltene, and for environmental cleanup. Further, the unsulfated version of the large hydrophobe styrylphenol alkoxylate surfactant of the present invention can be used as an ultra-high molecular weight non-ionic surfactant.

Abstract: The present invention provides a surfactant composition for emulsion polymerization containing an alkyl ether sulfate represented by formula (1) and a method for producing a polymer emulsion including emulsion polymerization of a monomer in the presence of the surfactant composition for emulsion polymerization: RO—(PO)m(EO)nSO3M??(1) wherein, R represents an alkyl group having 8 to 24 carbon atoms; PO represents a propyleneoxy group; EO represents an ethyleneoxy group; m represents a number satisfying 0<m<1; n represents a number satisfying PO and EO being block added in this order; and M represents a cation.

Abstract: A surfactant composition has good emulsifiability for monomer(s), and can provide a polymer emulsion (herein after simply called “the emulsion”) of good stability while decreasing coagulations of polymer particles in the emulsion. The surfactant composition contains the following components (A) and (B): (A) a reactive surfactant containing at least one polymerizable double-bond group and at least one ionic group in a molecule, and (B) a nitrogen compound insoluble or slightly soluble in ethanol. A weight ratio (A:B) of the component (A) to the component (B) is from 100:0.03 to 100:1.0.

Abstract: Anionic acid-labile surfactants may generally comprise compounds represented by the formula: wherein R1 is independently selected from —(CH2)0-9CH3, R2 is selected from the group consisting of —H and —(CH2)0-5CH3, Y is an anion, X is a cation, and n is an integer from 1 to 8.

Abstract: The present invention relates to alkyl ether sulfate salts of the general formula I RO—(CH2CH2O)x—(CH2—CHR1O)y—(CH2CH2O)zSO3?M+, ??(I) where R is an unbranched or branched C8-C18-alkyl radical or mixtures of different unbranched or branched C8-C18-alkyl radicals, R1 is an aliphatic radical selected from the group consisting of methyl and ethyl, M+ is a cation, selected from the group consisting of alkali metals, NH4+ and HNR23+, where R2 is selected from the group consisting of unbranched or branched alkyl radicals, CH2CH2OH and CH2CH(OH)CH3, x has a mean value of 0-3, y has a mean value of 1-10, z has a mean value of 0-30, and the quotient A = c ? ? m ? ? c ? ( RO - ( CH 2 ? CH 2 ? O ) z ? SO 3 - ? M + ) c ? ? m ? ? c ( RO - ( CH 2 ? CH 2 ? O ) x - ( CH 2 - CHR 1 ? O ) y - ( CH 2 ? CH 2 ? O ) z ? SO 3 - ? M + ) ? ? is > 1 and to their use as anion surfactant component in laundry detergent

Abstract: The invention describes a process for the preparation of novel surfactant alcohols and surfactant alcohol ethers by derivatization of olefins having from about 10 to 20 carbon atoms or of mixtures of such olefins to give alkanols, and optional subsequent alkoxylation, which comprises subjecting a C4-olefin mixture to metathesis, dimerizing the resulting olefins, and then derivatizing them to give surfactant alcohols, and optionally alkoxylating said alcohols. The olefin mixture obtained in the dimerization has a high proportion of branched components and less than 10% by weight of compounds which contain a vinylidene group. invention further describes the use of the surfactant alcohols and surfactant alcohol ethers to give surfactants by glycosylation or polyglycosylation, sulfation or phosphation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to specific compositions made by the sulfation of alkoxylated crude guerbet alcohol mixtures that contain between 15% and 50% lower molecular weight alkoxylated alcohols. The lower molecular weight alcohols are the raw material alcohols used to make the guerbet. Sulfated compositions made from this specific bi-modal distribution have unique emulsification properties and experience minimal chromatographic separation when used in downhole applications.

Abstract: A detergent composition having cold water solubility and exhibiting high calcium tolerance can be produced from biodegradable branched ether derivative compositions derived from a branched ether primary alcohol represented by the formula: wherein R1 represents hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl radical having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, R2 represents a hydrocarbyl radical having from 1 to 7 carbon atoms, x is a number ranging from 0 to 16, preferably from 3 to 13, wherein the total number of carbon atoms in the alcohol ranges from 9 to 24.

Abstract: The decomposition reactive emulsifier of this invention is a compound of formula (I): wherein R1 and R2 are the same or different and each represents an alkyl or alkenyl group of from 1 to 20 carbon atoms or a hydrogen atom and both R1 and R2 are not concurrently a hydrogen; R3 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; A is an alkylene or substituted alkylene group of 2 to 4 carbon atoms; n is an integer of from 1 to 100 when X is a hydrogen atom or n is an integer of from 0 to 100 when X is an ionic hydrophilic group, said ionic hydrophilic group being anionic, cationic or amphoteric and when n is 2 or greater (AO)n is a homopolymer or a block copolymer or a random copolymer.

Abstract: A novel class of anionic surfactants with improved surfact active properties is comprised of two hydrophilic and two hydrophobic groups represented by the formula: ##STR1## The surfactants exhibit unusually low critical micelle concentration (cmc) and pC-20 values in aqueous media.

Abstract: A compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein: A is hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkoxy or a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl;W is a substituted or unsubstituted phenylene or a substituted or unsubstituted naphthylene;Y is--CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --Z wherein Z is selected from --OSO.sub.3 H, --SSO.sub.3 H, --OPO.sub.3 H, --OCOCH.sub.2 --Cll.sub.3, Cl, Br or F; andm is 1 or 2, e is 0 or 1,with the sum of e+m=2.

Abstract: Dimer alcohol bis-sulfates, trimer alcohol tris-sulfates and ether sulfates thereof are prepared by reacting dimer alcohols, trimer alcohols, or alkylene oxide adducts thereof with a sulfating agent, and then neutralizing the reaction product with an aqueous base material.

Abstract: The present invention relates to anionic compounds and their application in detergent compositions. The compounds have the dual benefits of surfactancy and suds suppression.

Abstract: A process for making high active alkyl sulphate solutions comprising premixing alcohol and/or alkoxylated nonionic surfactant with an organic amine and adding sulfuric acid to the premix to produce a neutralized product having substantially no water is provided. The weight ratio of the sulfuric acid additive to the premix is from 0.5:1 to 9:1.

Abstract: A process for the production of a mixture of substantially odorless fatty alcohol ethersulfate salts corresponding to formula (I):R.sup.1 --(OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2).sub.n --O--SO.sub.3 X (I)in whichR.sup.1 is an alkyl radical containing from 6 to 18 carbon atoms,n is a number of from 1 to 10, andX is an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium, or alkanolammonium ion,comprising the steps ofA) ethoxylating a fatty alcohol mixture in which the content of components having a boiling point below 235.degree. C. is not more than 0.5% by weight, based on the weight of the fatty alcohol mixture;B) sulfating the fatty alcohol ethoxylate mixture from step A; andC) neutralizing the sulfated fatty alcohol ethoxylate mixture from step B to form said mixture of substantially odorless fatty alcohol ethersulfate salts.

Abstract: A surfactant comprising a carboxylic acid ester or amide carrying a terminal strong acid group selected from carboxymethyl, sulphate, sulphonate, phosphate and phosphonate, suitable for stabilising dispersions of solids in organic liquids and oil/water emulsions, processes for the preparation of the surfactant and dispersions and emulsions containing the surfactant. A preferred species of the surfactant is a poly(hydroxyalkanecarboxylic acid) having the strong acid group attached, either directly or through a linking group, to a terminal hydroxy or carboxylic acid group.

Abstract: Di-, tri- and poly-perfluoroalkyl-substituted alcohols and acids and derivatives thereof are described which are prepared from perfluoroalkyl iodides and di-, tri- or polyallyl alcohols or acids. These compounds contain two or more perfluoroalkyl-iodoalkyl or perfluoroalkyl-alkenyl groups and one or two alcohol or acid groups or derivatized alcohol or acid functions. They can be reacted with isocyanates, epoxy compounds, anhydrides, acids or acid derivatives to prepare a great variety of oil- and water-repellent compositions which are useful for oil- and water-repellent treatment of textiles, glass, paper, leather and other substrates.

Abstract: This invention relates to complex hydrophobe compounds and to alkoxylation products, i.e., condensation reaction products of alkylene oxides and complex hydrophobe compounds having at least one active hydrogen. This invention also relates to alkoxylation products that have beneficial, narrow molecular weight ranges.

Abstract: A method of preparing PAS acid is disclosed which involves sulphating an alcohol feedstock and incorporating in the reaction product, a stabilizing agent which comprises an (hydroxy) alkylene oxide residue.

Abstract: The alkylsulphate pastes disclosed can be prepared by sulphonating mixtures containing a)50-90% by weight of at least one aliphatic primary alcohol with 6-22 carbon atoms and b)1-50% by weight of at least one unsaturated fatty acid glyceride ester derived from fatty acids having 16-22 carbon atoms and having one, two or three double bonds, with gaseous sulphur trioxide and subsequently neutralizing and hydrolysing the reaction products with aqueous bases in such a way that pastes with solids contents of 30-80% by weight are obtained.

Abstract: Describes terminally ethylenically unsaturated poly(alkyleneoxy) surfactant compounds of the general formula, R--O--(R'O).sub.m --(EO).sub.n-1 --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --X, wherein R is the ethylenically unsaturated hydrocarbon group, e.g., allyl, R' is the bivalent radical derived from butylene oxide, E is the bivalent ethylene radical, m and n are numbers of from 10 to 15 and 10 to 40 respectively, and X is chloride, tertiaryamino, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphate, isethionate and alkali metal salts of the anionic groups. These surfactant compounds may be used in emulsion polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated, e.g., vinyl, monomers.

Abstract: Polyadducts of an alkylene oxide and styrene oxide with an aryl alcohol, especially polyadducts of formulae ##STR1## wherein the ring A is an unsubstituted phenyl radical or a phenyl radical which is substituted by halogen, methyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkoxy,Q.sub.1 is alkylene of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably methylene, in the pairs of substituents (Y.sub.1 and Y.sub.2) and (Y.sub.3 and Y.sub.4) one Y is phenyl and the other Y is hydrogen,"alkylene" denotes an alkylene radical of 2 or 3 carbon atoms, andm is an integer from 1 to 80.These polyadducts are a novel class of nonionic or anionic surfactants which are used as textile auxiliaries.

Abstract: The present invention relates to perfluoroalkyl substituted sulfates and salts thereof of the formulas(R.sub.f X CH.sub.2).sub.x C(CH.sub.2 OH).sub.y (CH.sub.2 OSO.sub.3 -M+).sub.z (I)or(R.sub.f E X CH.sub.2).sub.x C(CH.sub.2 OH).sub.y (CH.sub.2 OSO.sub.3 -M+).sub.z(II)wherein R.sub.f is a straight or branched chain perfluoroalkyl of 1 to 18 carbon atoms or said perfluoroalkyl substituted by perfluoroalkoxy of 2 to 6 carbon atoms,E is branched or straight chain alkylene of 1 to 10 carbon atoms or said alkylene interrupted by one to three groups selected from the group consisting of --NR--, --O--, --S--, --SO.sub.2 --, --COO--, --OOC--, --CONR--, --NRCO--, --SO.sub.2 NR-- and NRSO.sub.2 -- or terminated at the R.sub.f end with --CONR-- or --SO.sub.2 NR--, where R.sub.f is attached to the carbon or sulfur atom, and for formula II, X is --S--, --O--, --SO.sub.2 --, or --NR--, and for formula I, X is --CONR-- or --SO.sub.2 NR--, where R.sub.

Abstract: Glycerol ether sulfates suitable for the production of manual dishwashing detergents and liquid and powdered laundry detergents are obtained by reaction of glycerol ethers in liquid phases with gaseous sulfur trioxide and subsequent neutralization with aqueous bases.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of sulfated alkanol oxethylates or alkylphenol oxethylates is described. After completion of the reaction with SO.sub.3, 0.1 to 0.5% by weight, relative to the alkanol oxethylates or alkylphenol oxethylates employed, of at least one of the following compounds: water, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol or n-heptane are admixed to the reaction mixture and liquid and gas are subsequently separated at a temperature of 20.degree. to 60.degree. C. The liquid is then neutralized with aqueous alkali as customary and leads to ether sulfate/water mixtures with considerably reduced contents of 1,4-dioxane which can either be used without further aftertreatment or with a considerably reduced outlay in terms of aftertreatment as personal hygiene agents and for various other purposes.

Abstract: Novel surfactants of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is alkyl, alkenyl, alkylaryl or aralkylaryl of 8-30 carbon atoms,A is alkylene of 2-4 carbon atoms,x is 0, or 1-100 andy is 1-200.Sulfates, phosphates and sulfosuccinates thereof are also useful as anionic surfactants.

Abstract: Novel surfactants of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is alkyl, alkenyl or aralkyl of 4-18 carbon atoms, R.sub.2 is hydrogen or same as R.sub.1, R.sub.3 is hydrogen or methyl, A is alkylene of 2-4 carbon atoms, and n is 1-200. Sulfates, phosphates and sulfosuccinates thereof are also useful as anionic surfactants.

Abstract: Alkyl ether sulfuric acid half-esters are neutralized in the presence of polyhydroxy oligomers such as polyglycerol to provide half-ester salt compositions of high activity and good viscosity characteristics. The products are particularly useful in shampoo formulations.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel ether sulfates based on a mixture of branched 1-decanols and to their use as surface active agents. The novel ether sulfates are especially useful as the essential surfactant component in shampoo compositions, which compositions exhibit good foaming properties with little or no irritation potential.

Abstract: Novel surfactants of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is alkyl, alkenyl, alkylaryl or aralkylaryl of 8-30 carbon atoms,A is alkylene of 2-4 carbon atoms,x is 0, or 1-100 andy is 1-200. Sulfates, phosphates and sulfosuccinates thereof are also useful as anionic surfactants.