Abstract: An ink composition includes colorant, hydroxylated and non-hydroxylated co-solvents, and water. A weight percent ratio of hydroxylated to non-hydroxylated co-solvents ranges from 46:54 to about 62:38. The composition also includes an acid and a polyurethane copolymer binder. The acid is selected from the group consisting of oleic acid, linoleic acid, undecanoic acid, dodecanoic acid, tridecanoic acid, and combinations thereof. The binder is formed from the polymerization of a diisocyanate and at least three diols including a first diol containing a hydrophilic stabilizing group, and a second diol having less than 8 atoms in a backbone chain between two hydroxyl groups. A mole percentage of the second diol is at least 30% of a total mole percentage of diol monomers in the binder. An acid number of the binder ranges from 50 to 75. The composition also includes lithium present in an amount ranging from about 50 to about 400 ppm.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods for recovering diphosphite-containing compounds from mixtures comprising organic mononitriles and organic dinitriles, using liquid-liquid extraction. Also disclosed are pre-treatments to enhance extractability of the diphosphite-containing compounds.

Abstract: Straight-chain acrylonitrile dimers including 1,4-dicyanobutene, 1,4-dicyanobutadiene and adiponitrile are produced at a high selectivity rate and yield by dimerizing acrylonitrile in the presence of a catalyst comprising at least one ruthenium compound, for example dichloro-tetrakis (dimethylsulfoxide) ruthenium, and in the presence of at least one organic acid, for example, propionic acid, and optionally in the further presence of a basic compound, a reducing compound and/or a sulfoxide compound.

Abstract: Treatment of dicyanobutene to inactivate residual dimerization catalyst facilitates hydrogenation of the product to form adiponitrile.

Abstract: Acrylonitrile dimerization is improved by increasing the proportions of catalyst used in the reaction mixture.

Abstract: A first row transition metal catalyzed procedure for the production of adiponitrile from acrylonitrile comprising mixing a first row transition metal salt, acrylonitrile, metallic reducing agent and solvent, heating the solution, and adding a quench solution to the mixture comprising a proton donor material having a 0<pk.sub.a <12 and an organic amide solvent for the proton donor material. Preferably, an organic ligand is added to the solution prior to heating and adding the quench solution.

Abstract: Selective conversion of acrylonitrile into 1,4-dicyano-1-butene by contacting a liquid phase comprising acrylonitrile with an effective amount of a polymer-bound alkyl diarylphosphinite catalyst having the formula I: ##STR1## wherein the trivalent phosphorus is substituted by one alkoxy group and one aryl group and wherein the third bond of phosphorus is a P--C bond to a pendant aryl group of the polymer matrix, such as polystyrene cross-linked with divinylbenzene is disclosed. Treatment of the liquid phase, prior to contacting same with the polymer-bound catalyst, with a drying agent comprising a polymer-bound dialkyl arylphosphonite and regeneration of the drying agent are also disclosed.

Abstract: Acrylonitrile is catalytically dimerized in the presence of an organic phosphorus (III) catalyst, an inert hydrocarbon reaction solvent and a non-interfering proton-donating solvent; and the dimerized product separated from the catalyst by extraction. In the extraction the dimerized product is preferably dissolved in an extraction solvent and removed from the catalyst phase preparation. In the instant invention, the extraction solvent is an amide, preferably formamide. The extraction solvent and proton-donating solvent may be identical.