Abstract: A resist composition comprising a base polymer and a compound containing an iodized benzene ring and an aromatic ring-containing group having a phenolic hydroxyl group is improved in sensitivity, LWR and CDU.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of making carboxylic acids from levulinic acid, such as succinic acid and 3-hydroxypropanoic acid, by reacting levulinic acid with an oxidant such as hydrogen peroxide under acidic or basic conditions.

Abstract: To provide a catalyst for production of a biodiesel fuel, which is capable of producing a biodiesel fuel with high selectivity, at a high yield, and at a low cost even in the presence of a water content and a free fatty acid, and a biodiesel fuel production method using the catalyst. Use of a titanium-containing mesoporous silica containing Ti and Si as skeleton constituent elements and having a pore diameter of 5 nm or greater as a transesterification catalyst enables a biodiesel fuel to be produced with high selectivity at a high yield through transesterification between an oil and an alcohol.

Abstract: Provided is a novel material included in a liquid crystal composition that can be used in various liquid crystal display devices. A trifluorophenyl derivative represented by General Formula (G1). In General Formula (G1), Ar1 represents an arylene group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, a cycloalkylene group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, or a cycloalkenylene group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms; m represents 1 or 2; and R1 represents hydrogen, an alkyl group having 2 to 11 carbon atoms, or an alkoxy group having 2 to 11 carbon atoms.

Abstract: This invention relates to a clean-up solvent and paint thinner for solvent-borne resins and coatings selected from compositions of Formula (I) wherein R1 is a C1-C10 alkyl group, phenyl or benzyl, R2 is either hydrogen or methyl, R3 is a carbon chain including 4-6 carbon atoms, and n=2-4; of Formula (II) wherein R1 and R4 are, independently, C1-C10 alkyl groups, phenyl or benzyl, R2 is either hydrogen or methyl, R3 is a carbon chain including 0-4 carbon atoms, and n=1-4; and mixtures thereof. The invention also relates to a solvent-borne composition including a solvent-borne polymer and the low and zero VOC composition of the invention; and a method for cleaning or thinning a solvent-borne composition.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for the hydroxycarbonylation, alkoxycarbonylation, aryloxycarbonylation or thiocarbonylation of an unsaturated molecule. The method includes a hydroxycarbonylation, alkoxycarbonylation, aryloxycarbonylationor thiocarbonylation reaction on the unsaturated molecule in which a complex including a ligand comprising a [n,n?] cyclophane comprising two non-fused monocyclic aromatic rings bridged by two linear and aliphatic linkages, in which each of the non-fused monocyclic aromatic rings is substituted with a phosphorus atom-containing substituent, is used to catalyse the reaction.

Abstract: Active compounds of Formula I are described: wherein: R1 and R2 are each independently C1-C4 alkyl; or R1 and R2 together form a C2-C7 alkylene chain; and Z is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID); along with pharmaceutically acceptable salts and prodrug thereof, and methods of using the same.

Abstract: The present teachings provide methods that enable the preparation and purification of radioiodinated vectors without the need for HPLC purification, as well as novel precursors which include biotin-like substituents useful in such methods.

Abstract: Agents useful for the treatment of various metabolic disorders, such as insulin resistance syndrome, diabetes, polycystic ovary syndrome, hyperlipidemia, fatty liver disease, cachexia, obesity, atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis are disclosed. The agent is a compound of Formula (I): wherein m is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8; R1 is hydrogen or alkyl having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms; and R2 is hydrogen, halo, alkyl having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or alkoxy having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A liquid crystal composition exhibiting a blue phase, which enables higher contrast, and a liquid crystal display device including the liquid crystal composition. The liquid crystal composition contains a chiral agent and liquid crystal containing a compound having three electron-withdrawing groups as end groups of a structure where a plurality of rings including at least one aromatic ring is linked to each other directly or with a linking group laid therebetween. At least one of the three electron-withdrawing groups includes a trifluoromethyl group. The peak of the diffracted wavelength on the longest wavelength side in the reflectance spectrum of the liquid crystal composition is less than or equal to 450 nm, preferably less than or equal to 420 nm. Furthermore, a liquid crystal display device can be provided with the use of the liquid crystal composition.

Abstract: A method is provided for the preparation of an aromatic carboxylic acid aryl ester or an N-aryl aromatic carboxamide. The method comprises contacting an O,O-diaryl thiocarbonate or an O-aryl-N-aryl thiocarbamate with a reactant that regioselectively reacts with sulfur, which contact causes an O-neophyl rearrangement, thereby forming either the aromatic carboxylic acid aryl ester or the N-aryl aromatic carboxamide, respectively.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of di-aspirin (bis(2-carboxyphenyl)succinate) and its derivatives in the treatment of colon and colorectal cancer. It also relates to novel derivatives of di-aspirin and to a method of synthesis of the di-aspirin and its derivatives.

Abstract: This invention relates to a clean-up solvent and paint thinner for solvent-borne resins and coatings selected from compositions of Formula (I) wherein R1 is a C1-C10 alkyl group, phenyl or benzyl, R2 is either hydrogen or methyl, R3 is a carbon chain including 4-6 carbon atoms, and n=2-4; of Formula (II) wherein R1 and R4 are, independently, C1-C10 alkyl groups, phenyl or benzyl, R2 is either hydrogen or methyl, R3 is a carbon chain including 0-4 carbon atoms, and n=1-4; and mixtures thereof. The invention also relates to a solvent-borne composition including a solvent-borne polymer and the low and zero VOC composition of the invention; and a method for cleaning or thinning a solvent-borne composition.

Abstract: Active compounds of Formula I are described: wherein: R1 and R2 are each independently C1-C4 alkyl; or R1 and R2 together form a C2-C7 alkylene chain; and Z is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID); along with pharmaceutically acceptable salts and prodrug thereof, and methods of using the same.

Abstract: A process for forming a solid electrolytic capacitor and an electrolytic capacitor formed by the process. The process includes: providing an anode wherein the anode comprises a porous body and an anode wire extending from the porous body; applying a thin polymer layer onto the dielectric, and forming a dielectric on the porous body to form an anodized anode; applying a first slurry to the anodized anode to form a blocking layer wherein the first slurry comprises a first conducting polymer with an median particle size of at least 0.05 ?m forming a layer of crosslinker on the blocking layer; and applying a layer of a second conducting polymer on the layer of crosslinker.

Abstract: The present invention discloses compounds of formula (I), their optical isomers or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, their preparation and uses thereof, wherein the definitions of R1, R2, R3 and R4 are shown in the description. These compounds are optical isomers or racemic mixtures. After these compounds are uptaken, they are metabolically transformated in vivo into 1-[2-dimethylamino-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-ethyl]-cyclohexanol that has neuropharmacological activity, by interrupting reuptake of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and/or norepinephrine (NA), which is used for treating diseases associated with central nerve system, such as depression, etc.

Abstract: A method is provided for the preparation of an aromatic carboxylic acid aryl ester or an N-aryl aromatic carboxamide. The method comprises contacting an O,O-diaryl thiocarbonate or an O-aryl-N-aryl thiocarbamate with a reactant that regioselectively reacts with sulfur, which contact causes an O-neophyl rearrangement, thereby forming either the aromatic carboxylic acid aryl ester or the N-aryl aromatic carboxamide, respectively.

Abstract: A method for efficiently producing 4-(hydroxymethylphosphinyl)-2-oxobutanoic acid, useful as a production intermediate of herbicide L-AMPB. The method comprises using a compound represented by the below formula (4): (4) where R1 represents a C1-4 alkyl group, arylmethyl group, or substituted arylmethyl group.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel spiroketal-substituted cyclic ketoenols of the formula (I) in which A, B, Q1, Q2, D, G, W, X, Y, and Z are as defined above, to processes and intermediates for their preparation and to their use as pesticides and/or microbicides and/or herbicides. Moreover, the invention relates to selective herbicidal compositions comprising, firstly, spiroketal-substituted cyclic ketoenols and, secondly, a crop plant compatibility-improving compound.

Abstract: Active compounds of Formula I are described: wherein: R1 and R2 are each independently C1-C4 alkyl; or R1 and R2 together form a C2-C7 alkylene chain; and Z is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID); along with pharmaceutically acceptable salts and prodrug thereof, and methods of using the same.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for synthesizing terpenoid compounds, as well as compositions comprising terpenoids and methods for their use. In one aspect the process is represented by the scheme wherein G is X is and R1, R2 and R3 independently are selected from H, acyl, lower alkyl and aralkyl; and Y is —O—, —S— or —NH—, and R4 is selected from H, acyl, lower alkyl and aralkyl.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an esterification catalyst composition that includes a zirconium compound and a method for producing an ester compound, which includes the steps of esterifying alcohol and carboxylic acid compounds by using the same, and it may be applied to a mass synthesis process.

Abstract: Lubricating oil used for the lubrication of engines run on biodiesel fuels are improved in their resistance to oxidation by the addition to said to lubricating oil of particular detergents, and premixed mixtures of particular detergents and anti-oxidants.

Abstract: Agents useful for the treatment of various metabolic disorders, such as insulin resistance syndrome, diabetes, polycystic ovary syndrome, hyperlipidemia, fatty liver disease, cachexia, obesity, atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis are disclosed. The agent is a compound of Formula (I): wherein m is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8; R1 is hydrogen or alkyl having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms; and R2 is hydrogen, halo, alkyl having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or alkoxy having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

Abstract: This invention is related to hydroxylamino derivatives of the general formula (I) wherein n is 0, 1 or 2; R1 and R2, independently of each other, are H, OH or OCH3; R3 is H or CH3; R4 is H, C1-C3 straight or branched alkyl or, together with R3, forms a five to seven-membered carbocyclic ring; and R5 and R6, independently of each other, are H or C1-C5 straight or branched alkyl and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts or prodrug thereof, for the preparation of medicaments useful for the prevention, treatment and diagnosis of CNS degenerative disorders related to protein misfolding and/or misaggregation. The invention also relates to novel compounds included in formula (I), to a method for preparing said compounds and to pharmaceutical compositions containing them.

Abstract: Active compounds of Formula (I) are described: wherein: R1 and R2 are each independently C1-C4 alkyl; or R1 and R2 together form a C2-C7 alkylene chain; and Z is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID); along with pharmaceutically acceptable salts and prodrug thereof, and methods of using the same.

Abstract: The compound boron carbide, B4C, is an effective catalyst for the synthesis of aromatic esters by reacting benzoyl halides with phenols in the presence of powdered B4C.

Abstract: Novel compositions containing SF4—O—CF3 bonded to an organic group are disclosed. Aryl trifluoromethoxytetrafluorosulfuranes (or Ar—SF4—O—CF3), have been synthesized via the reaction of an aryl disulfide or thiol with fluoroxytrifluoromethane (F3COF). The compositions are useful synthons, which may be derivatized to yield highly electrically polar molecules, particularly novel liquid crystal compositions having high dielectric anisotropies. Cycloalkyl trifluoromethoxytetrafluorosulfuranes have similar utility.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I) or therapeutically acceptable salts thereof, are selective protein tyrosine kinase-B (PTP1B) inhibitors. Preparation of the compounds, compositions containing the compounds, and treatment of disorders using the compounds are disclosed.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for the preparation of a benzimidazole derivative (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, 1

Abstract: Process for the esterification of organic acids with alcohols in a reactor of the chromatographic type in which the heterogeneous solid phase is capable of acting both as an esterification catalyst and as a means exhibiting preferential adsorption towards one of the reaction products (typically water). The process to which the present invention relates is particularly improved compared with conventional technology owing to the use, as the means for regenerating the catalyst, of a desorbent to which has been added a second compound, generally the anhydride of the acid used in the esterification reaction, which, by chemical reaction, completes the removal of the adsorbed water.

Abstract: Phenyl acetamide compounds are described, including compounds of Formula I: or a solvate, hydrate or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein R3-R6, R11, B, Y and W are set forth in the specification. The compounds of the invention are potent inhibitors of proteases, especially trypsin-like serine proteases, such as thrombin and factor Xa. Compositions for inhibiting loss of blood platelets, inhibiting formation of blood platelet aggregates, inhibiting formation of fibrin, inhibiting thrombus formation, and inhibiting embolus formation are described. Other uses of compounds of the invention are as anticoagulants either embedded in or physically linked to materials used in the manufacture of devices used in blood collection, blood circulation, and blood storage, such as catheters, blood dialysis machines, blood collection syringes and tubes, blood lines and stents. Additionally, the compounds can be detectably labeled and employed for in vivo imaging of thrombi.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of a carboxylic acid ester of the general formula II, wherein R is alkyl or aryl, R1 is aryl, substituted aryl, naphthyl or substituted naphthyl or alkyl, R2, R3, R4 and R5 are independently hydrogen or alkyl by reacting an olefin of the general formula I wherein, R1 is aryl, substituted aryl, naphthyl or substituted naphthyl or alkyl, R2, R3, and R4 are independently hydrogen or alkyl, in the presence of an alcohol and an organic solvent and a supported aqueous phase palladium complex catalyst, in presence or absence of a protonic acid and an alkali metal halide, under carbon monoxide atmosphere, cooling the reaction mixture to ambient temperature, depressurising the reactor, flushing the reaction vessel with inert gas, separating the catalyst by filtration and removing the solvent and isolating the compound of formula II.

Abstract: A highly pure hydroquinone dietser derivative can be produced from the reaction product of ketoisophorone with an acylating agent in a high yield by a simple and easy operation. In the presence of an acid catalyst, a cyclohex-2-ene-1,4-dione derivative shown by the following formula (3) was allowed to react with an acylating agent (e.g., acetic anhydride), and the reaction product was purified by crystallization to obtain a hydroquinone diester derivative shown by the following formula (1). The compound (1) contains about 0 to 4% by weight of a catechol diester derivative represented by the following formula (2), being highly pure. As a solvent for crystallization, a mixed solvent of an organic carboxylic acid (e.g., acetic acid) corresponding to the acylating agent and water may be used. In the formulae, R1 and R2 each represents an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group or a heterocyclic group.

Abstract: The invention relates to a one-step process for the preparation of acryloyl group-containing liquid-crystalline monomers of the general formula (1) (Z—Y1—A2—Y2—)mM(—O—A1-acrylate)n  (1) in which mesogenic alcohols of the general formula (2) (Z—Y1—A2—Y2—)mM(OH)n  (2) are reacted with esters of 3-chloropropionic acid of the general formula (3) ClPr—A1—X  (3) with elimination of HCl, where acrylate is an acrylate radical, ClPr is a 3-chloropropionate radical, A1 are identical or different alkyl chain spacers having 2-20 carbon atoms, in which the carbon chain may be interrupted by non-adjacent ether, thioether, or imino groups, A2 are radicals A1 or single chemical bonds, M is a mesogenic group, X is a leaving group, Z are alkyl radicals or crosslinkable groups, Y1 and Y2, independently of one another, are a single chemical bond, —O—, —S—, —O—CO—, —CO

Abstract: A process for preparing trimethylhydroquinone diacetate, with subsequent hydrolysis to give trimethylhydroquinone, the process including reacting 2,2,6-trimethylcyclohexane-1,4-dione under oxidative conditions, in the presence of a sulfonating agent and a strong acid, and in the presence of an acylating agent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a thymol derivative represented by following Chemical Formula 1, pharmaceutically acceptable salts or esters thereof, and anti-cancer agents comprising the same as an active ingredient.

Abstract: This invention relates to compounds, pharmaceutical compositions, and methods of using compounds of the formula: A is O or S; R is C1-C10 straight or branched chain alkyl, C2-C10 straight or branched chain alkenyl, C2-C10 straight or branched chain alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, carbocycle, or heterocycle; D is a bond, or a C1-C3 straight or branched chain alkyl, C2-C3 straight or branched chain alkenyl, C2-C3 straight or branched chain alkynyl, wherein any of the carbon atoms of said alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl of D are optionally replaced with oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur; and X is aryl, heteroaryl, carbocycle, or heterocycle.

Abstract: Methods are described for the rapid synthesis in satisfactory yield of methyl ecgonine phenylphosphonates as analogues of transition states for the hydrolysis of the benzoyl ester of an ecgonine derivative, namely cocaine, and their linking to carrier proteins, for the purpose of using them as immunogens. The resulting immunogens elicit the formation in experimental animals of antibodies able to promote the hydrolysis of cocaine. Both these catalytic anti-cocaine antibodies and the immunogens themselves are potentially useful for the treatment of individuals seeking to avoid the pharmacological effects of cocaine and in diagnostic applications.

Abstract: Compounds containing two cyclic hydrocarbon moieties which are substituted to provide crosslinking functionality and which are linked to each other by secondary or tertiary oxycarbonyl containing moiety are basis for compositions which are cured to provide cured thermosets for encapsulation and underfill for electronic components that are thermally decomposable to allow repair, replacement, recovery or recycling of operative electronic components from assemblies that are inoperative.

Abstract: Alkene precursors for preparing dialkyl-substituted dioxetanes. The dioxetanes are useful for the detection of triggering agents including enzymes.

Abstract: Methods are described for the rapid synthesis in satisfactory yield of methyl ecgonine phenylphosphonates as analogues of transition states for the hydrolysis of the benzoyl ester of an ecgonine derivative, namely cocaine, and their linking to carrier proteins, for the purpose of using them as immunogens. The resulting immunogens elicit the formation in experimental animals of antibodies able to promote the hydrolysis of cocaine. Both these catalytic anti-cocaine antibodies and the immunogens themselves are potentially useful for the treatment of individuals seeking to avoid the pharmacological effects of cocaine and in diagnostic applications.

Abstract: 4-Hydroxyphenyl benzoate derivatives of the general formula 1: ##STR1## are prepared by cleaving 1,4-bis(benzoyl)hydroquinone derivatives of the general formula 2: ##STR2## with alkali metal alkanolates, in which in the general formulae 1 and 2 R.sup.1 to R.sup.14 are as defined in claim 1.

Abstract: A compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein X is hydrogen or hydroxy, and Y is --R or --C(O)O--R, wherein R is a polyalkyl group having an average molecular weight of about from 450 to 5000; or a fuel soluble salt thereof. The compounds of formula I are useful as hydrocarbon fuel additives for the prevention and control of deposits, especially intake valve deposits, in internal combustion engines.

Abstract: p-Hydroxyaniline derivatives of the formula I ##STR1## where the substituents have the following meanings: R.sup.1 is hydrogen, or unsubstituted or substituted alkyl;R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 independently of one another are halogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy or haloalkoxy;R.sup.4 is unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl or aryl,OR.sup.5 or NR.sup.6 R.sup.7, whereR.sup.5, R.sup.6 are unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl or aryl, andR.sup.7 is hydrogen or alkyl,and their salts, processes for their preparation, compositions containing them and their use for controlling harmful fungi or pests, and also compounds of the formula VI ##STR2## and their salts, processes for their preparation, compositions containing them and their use as intermediates and for controlling pests are described.

Abstract: A catalyst for producing an aryl ester, which includes a microporous material containing a metal element belonging to group IV, is described. This catalyst is insoluble and can be used as a heterogeneous catalyst, to produce an aryl ester in high yield with industrial advantages. In order to produce an aryl ester using the catalyst, a carbonate or an aliphatic carboxylate is transesterified with an aromatic hydroxy compound, or an aryl carboxylate is transesterified with a carbonate, or an alkyl aryl carbonate is disproportionated by transesterification.

Abstract: This invention relates to a polymeric vehicle comprising a modified polymer containing covalently bonded mesogenic groups. The modified polymer may be used as the sole component of the polymeric vehicle for a coating to which may be added solvents and known additives to provide a formulated coating. The polymeric vehicle may further include other modified or unmodified polymers and cross-linking resins. The polymeric vehicle provides a coating binder and coating film of high hardness, flexibility and impact resistance.

Abstract: Bi-aromatic esters have the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents H, OH, --CH.sub.3, --CH.sub.2 OH, --CH(OH)CH.sub.3, --COOR.sub.9, ##STR2## or SO.sub.2 R.sub.10 ; R.sub.9 represents H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl or mono or polyhydroxyalkyl; R.sub.10 represents OH, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl or ##STR3## r' and r" represent H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, mono or polyhydroxyalkyl, or r' and r" taken together form a heterocycle; R.sub.2 represents H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, OR.sub.9, F or --CF.sub.3 ; R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 represent H, F, OH, --CH.sub.3, --OCH.sub.3, --CF.sub.3, --COOH or --CH.sub.2 OH; R.sub.6 and R.sub.8 represent H, .alpha.-substituted C.sub.3 -C.sub.15 alkyl, .alpha., .alpha.'-disubstituted C.sub.4 -C.sub.12 alkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.12 cycloalkyl, C.sub.5 -C.sub.12 mono or polycyclic cycloalkyl whose linking carbon is trisubstituted, --SR.sub.11, --SO.sub.2 R.sub.11 or --SOR.sub.11 ; R.sub.11 represents C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl or cycloalkyl; R.sub.6 and R.sub.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel active benzene derivatives represented by the general formula (I): ##STR1## (wherein X represents --CCO--, --OCO--, --CH.sub.2 C-- or --OCH.sub.2 --; A represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or an alkyl or alkoxyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; R represents an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; l and m each represents a number of 1 or 2, n represents a number of 0 or 1, but when n is 0 the sum of l and m is 3 or less; and * indicates asymmetric carbon atom), a process for producing the same, liquid-crystalline substances containing said derivatives as active ingredient, and optical switching elements utilizing the liquid crystal compositions containing said liquid-crystalline substances.

Abstract: Process for the production of a benzoyloxybenzene sulfonate by reaction of a phenol sulfonate with an optionally substituted benzoyl chloride in the presence of a base, wherein the reaction is carried out in a solvent mixture consisting of water and an organic solvent which is ethanol, isopropanol, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, or mixtures thereof.