Abstract: The invention relates to a method of obtaining polyoxygenated organic compounds. The inventive method is characterized in that it comprises the oxidation reaction of a diether, preferably an acetal, with an oxygen source, in the presence of: one or more radical initiating agents, one or more additives that generate a basic reaction medium, and one or more catalysts.

Abstract: Stable and non-hygroscopic L-carnitine salts of organic acids are provided, each of which is present as a true complex salt, having the formula: wherein Z is acetate, propionate, or butyrate. In addition, processes for the preparation of these compounds are provided, together with the use of these compounds as a source of both L-carnitine and the calcium ion in nutrition or as a pharmaceutical active ingredient having therapeutic pharmacological activity.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a compound with a structure wherein amino acid or oligopeptide side chains are bonded to a main chain. The present invention provides a compound represented by the following formula (1). wherein n1 to n3, and m1 to m6 are certain integers; Y is a hydroxyl or an amino group; E is N or CH; R is an amino acid residue, or a peptide residue consisting of 2 to 100 amino acid residues; and L is a hydrogen atom, a group containing a lipid group, a group containing a fatty acid residue, or a group containing a fluorescent group.

Abstract: A simple and easy-to-use method for producing a 2-hydroxyester compound using a cyanohydrin compound, as a raw material, is provided.

Abstract: Isotopically labeled alpha-keto acids and esters are disclosed herein. Also disclosed are methods of synthesizing isotopically labeled alpha-keto acids and esters.

Abstract: The present invention relates to low-foam surfactant mixtures of the general formula (I) where R, Ra, R1 and R2, l, n and m have the meaning given in the description and the claims, and to the production thereof. For example, R=C13-alkyl, Ra=H, l=5, m=22, n=1, R1=methyl and R2=C6-C14-alkyl. The surfactants are suitable for detergent and cleaner formulations.

Abstract: Derivative compounds of 11-nonyloxy-undec-8(Z)-eonic acid that mimic epoxide metabolites are provided. Also provided are compositions comprising a therapeutically effective amount of the derivative compounds. The present invention further provides methods for the use of such compositions for the treatment of renal or cardiovascular disease and/or related conditions.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are compounds of the formula: (R)x—Sn—(R?)4-x wherein: R is alkyl; R? is a moiety selected from the group consisting of: w is 0 or 1; x is 1 or 2; y is 1, 2, 3, or 4; and Z is a linear, branched, cyclic, or aromatic hydrocarbon. These compounds are excellent stabilizers for halogen-containing resins, such as PVC.

Abstract: A method for stabilizing menthyl lactate is disclosed. The method comprises combining water with a solution comprising menthyl lactate and a water-miscible organic solvent in amounts effective to precipitate menthyl lactate from the resulting aqueous mixture. The aqueous precipitation method is simple to practice, and it provides menthyl lactate having remarkably improved storage stability.

Abstract: A process for the alkoxycarbonylation of a vinyl ester comprising reacting a vinyl ester with carbon monoxide in the presence of an alkanol and a catalyst system. The catalyst system used in the said process is obtainable by combining: a) a metal of Group VIII B or a compound thereof, and b) a bidentate ligand of general formula (I) wherein, R is a covalent bridging group; R1 together with Q2 to which it is attached form an optionally substituted 2-Q2-tricyclo[3.3.1.1 {3,7}]decyl group or derivative thereof(2-PA); R2 and R3 independently represent univalent radicals up to 20 atoms or jointly form a bivalent radical of up to 20 atoms; and Q1 and Q2 each independently represent phosphorous, arsenic or antimony. The process is carried out for the production of a 3-hydroxy propanoate ester or acid of formula (II) CH2 (OH)CH2 C(O) OR28.The process may also be carried out for the production of a lactate ester or acid of formula (III).

Abstract: The invention provides the use of compounds of the formula (1) where R1, R2 are each independently C1- to C22-alkyl, C2- to C22-alkenyl, C6- to C30-aryl or C7- to C30-alkylaryl, R3 is C1- to C22-alkyl, C2- to C22-alkenyl, C6- to C30-aryl or C7- to C30-alkylaryl, —CHR5—COO? or —O?, R4 is M, hydrogen or an organic radical which optionally contains heteroatoms and has from 1 to 100 carbon atoms, B is an optionally substituted C1- to C30-alkylene group, D is an organic radical which optionally contains heteroatoms and has from 1 to 600 carbon atoms, X, Y are each independently O or NR6, R5, R6 are each independently hydrogen, C1- to C22-alkyl, C2- to C22-alkenyl, C6- to C30-aryl or C7- to C30-alkylaryl, and M is a cation as gas hydrate inhibitors.

Abstract: The present invention discloses novel dual prodrug compositions of Formula 1, wherein A is a single bond, —O—, or —CH2—; m and n vary from 0 to 15; p and q vary from 0 to 4; B is a single bond or —CR3R4; D is selected from the group consisting —CO2R5, —OR6, —OCOR7, —SO3R8, —SO2NH2, —OPO(OR9)(OR10), —OPO(OR9)(NH2), —OPO(OR9)—O—PO(OR10)(OR11), R1 to R11 are various substituents selected to optimize the physicochemical and biological properties such as, lipophilicity, toxicity, bioavailability, and pharmacokinetics of compounds of Formula 1. These compounds are useful for the treatment of various cardiovascular and neurological disorders.

Abstract: A method for obtaining a 5-bromolevulinic acid methyl ester or a 5-chlorolevulinic acid methyl ester from either a bromination mixture or a chlorination mixture, containing either a 5-bromo-levulinic acid methyl ester or a 5-chlorolevulinic acid methyl ester, respectively, produced by either brominating or chlorinating levulinic acid or a levulinic acid methyl ester, and further including the steps of dissolving the bromination or chlorination mixture in an organic solvent or solvent mixture and cooling the solution, preferably to ?20° C.–?40° C., with the 5-bromolevulinic acid methyl ester or 5-chlorolaevulinic acid methyl ester being crystallized out of the solution. The 5-bromolevulinic acid methyl ester or 5-chlorolevulinic acid is then isolated by draining off the solution with the remaining bromination mixture or chlorination mixture, as appropriate.

Abstract: Novel ester compounds having formulae (1) to (4) wherein A1 is a polymerizable functional group having a carbon-carbon double bond, A2 is oxygen, methylene or ethylene, R1 is a monovalent hydrocarbon group, R2 is H or a monovalent hydrocarbon group, any pair of R1 and/or R2 may form an aliphatic hydrocarbon ring, R3 is a monovalent hydrocarbon group, and n is 0 to 6 are polymerizable into polymers. Resist compositions comprising the polymers as a base resin are thermally stable and sensitive to high-energy radiation, have excellent sensitivity and resolution, and lend themselves to micropatterning with electron beam or deep-UV.

Abstract: A tripentyl citrate having an optionally acylated, preferably acetylated, OH group, a process for making the tripentyl citrate, and the use of the tripentyl citrate as a plasticizer for plastics.

Abstract: The invention concerns a continuous method for preparing ethyl lactate by esterifying lactic acid with ethanol, in the presence of a catalyst which comprises reacting said lactic acid with ethanol in an initial ethanol/lactic acid mol ratio not less than 2.5, in the presence of a catalyst, at a reflux of the reaction medium of about 100° C. under absolute pressure ranging between 1.5 to 3 bars.

Abstract: [PROBLEMS] To provide a method by which desired optically active carboxylic acids may be prepared from a carboxylic acid having a carbon-carbon double bond through asymmetric hydrogenation with a catalyst consisting of a transition metal complex containing a water-soluble ligand and which permits easy separation of the used catalyst from the product by liquid-liquid separation alone and enables the recovery of an expensive transition metal and the reuse of the catalyst. [MEANS FOR SOLVING PROBLEMS] Phosphines represented by the general formula (1): wherein X1 is oxygen or methylene; X2 is methylene, ethylene, trimethylene, 1,2-dimethylethylene, isopropylidene, or difluoromethylene; A is a Group IA alkali metal of the periodic table, hydrogen, or an ammonium ion; and a, b, c and d are each an integer of 0 or 1, with the proviso that the cases wherein the sum of a, b, c, and d is 0 are excepted.

Abstract: The invention provides the use of compounds of the formula (1) where R1, R2 are each independently C1- to C22-alkyl, C2- to C22-alkenyl, C6- to C30-aryl or C7- to C30-alkylaryl, R3 is C1- to C22-alkyl, C2- to C22-alkenyl, C6- to C30-aryl or C7- to C30-alkylaryl, —CHR5—COO? or —O?, R4 is M, hydrogen or an organic radical which optionally contains heteroatoms and has from 1 to 100 carbon atoms, B is an optionally substituted C1- to C30-alkylene group, D is an organic radical which optionally contains heteroatoms and has from 1 to 600 carbon atoms, X, Y are each independently O or NR6, R5, R6 are each independently hydrogen, C1- to C22-alkyl, C2- to C22-alkenyl, C6- to C30-aryl or C7- to C30-alkylaryl, and M is a cation as gas hydrate inhibitors.

Abstract: In one aspect, the present invention provides an improved method for the manufacture of Pravastatin sodium salt by fermentation under optimal fermentation parameters using a new strain of Streptomyces flavidovirens.

Abstract: The invention relates to reaction products of glycols, diglycols, higher glycols or glycerol with ?-hydroxycarboxylic acids in a molar ratio of 1:2 or higher, especially conforming to the general formula (V) where R is hydrogen or a C1-3 alkyl group, preferably methyl, nx is from 1 to 5, preferably from 1 to 3, n is 1 or 2 and when n=1 the radical R? is C1-4 alkylene, preferably ethylene, x is defined as x? and y is not less than 1, preferably from 1 to 5, especially 1 or 2, and when n=2 the radical R? is a glycerol radical, x is defined as x? and y is =1. The invention further relates to the use of the (poly)hydroxycarboxylic acid (poly)glycol esters or (poly)hydroxycarboxylic acid glyceryl esters as acid donors and for controlling the pH in textile treatment processes.

Abstract: Processes for preparing carboxylic acids and derivatives thereof in which an ammonium salt of the carboxylic acid is heated in the presence of an organic reagent to split the salt and form the acid or, where the organic reagent is an esterifying agent, the corresponding ester. Both the acid and the ester may be dehydrated to form unsaturated counterparts.

Abstract: A transition metal complex having 2,2?-bis[bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenyl)phosphino]-1,1?-binaphthyl as a ligand. The presence of the transition metal complex in the reaction system of an asymmetric reaction system allows the preparation of an objective compound having an objective absolute configuration with improved efficiency.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for more efficiently producing an ?-hydroxycarboxylic acid ester wherein side reactions due to the ?-hydroxycarboxylic acid ester are inhibited or prevented in comparison with prior art production processes. The invention provides a process for producing an ?-hydroxycarboxylic acid ester comprising Steps 1 to 3: Step 1. reacting, in the presence of oxygen, (i) a 1,2-diol with a 1,2-diol or (ii) a 1,2-diol with an alcohol to obtain a reaction product containing an ?-hydroxycarboxylic acid ester; Step 2. separating the ?-hydroxycarboxylic acid ester from the reaction product obtained in Step 1 by distillation under reduced pressure; and Step 3. feeding Step 1 with a mixture obtained by partially or entirely removing water from the reaction product, wherein the mixture contains an unreacted 1,2-diol and/or alcohol.

Abstract: Novel multibinding compounds are disclosed. The compounds of this invention comprise 2–10 ligands covalently connected, each of the ligands being capable of binding to a ligand binding site in a Ca++ channel, thereby modulating the biological activities thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a continuous process for the enantioselective catalytic hydrogenation of ?-ketoesters comprising providing a catalytic hydrogenation zone and maintaining it under conditions of temperature and pressure effective for the catalytic hydrogenation of ?-ketoesters; continuously supplying to the catalytic hydrogenation zone a substrate comprising a ?-ketoester to be hydrogenated, a catalyst effective for enantioselective hydrogenation of the ?-ketoester and hydrogen; contacting the substrate, the catalyst and the hydrogen in the hydrogenation zone for a residence time effective for at least partial enantioselective catalytic hydrogenation of the ?-ketoester; (d) continuously withdrawing from the hydrogenation zone a reaction product mixture comprising enantioselectively hydrogenated ?-ketoester, unreacted ?-ketoester, catalyst and hydrogen; (e) supplying the reaction product mixture to a separation zone and separating at least some of the enantioselectively hydrogenated ?-ketoester

Abstract: One aspect of the present invention relates to a method for the kinetic resolution of racemic and diastereomeric mixtures of chiral compounds. The critical elements of the method are: a non-racemic chiral tertiary-amine-containing catalyst; a racemic or diastereomeric mixture of a chiral substrate, e.g., a cyclic carbonate or cyclic carbamate; and a nucleophile, e.g., an alcohol, amine or thiol. A preferred embodiment of the present invention relates to a method for achieving the kinetic resolution of racemic and diastereomeric mixtures of derivatives of ?- and ?-amino, hydroxy, and thio carboxylic acids. In certain embodiments, the methods of the present invention achieve dynamic kinetic resolution of a racemic or diastereomeric mixture of a substrate, i.e.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a production method of (R)-3-hydroxy-3-(2-phenylethyl)hexanoic acid which comprises optical resolution of racemic 3-hydroxy-3-(2-phenylethyl)hexanoic acid with an optically active amine of the formula (VIII) wherein R2 is 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl or 2-chlorophenyl. According to the present invention, (R)-3-hydroxy-3-(2-phenylethyl)hexanoic acid useful as a starting material of a pharmaceutical agent can be efficiently produced with a high optical purity and a relatively high total yield.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel class of aminobenzophenones derivatives, to pharmaceutical preparations comprising said compounds, to dosage units of such preparations, to methods of treating patients comprising administering said compounds, and to the use of said compounds in the manufacture of pharmaceutical preparations.

Abstract: A method of producing a diol derivative efficiently and to high purity is provided. Specifically, the present invention relates to a method of producing a diol derivative having, as a fundamental step, a step of obtaining an ?-hydroxycarboxylic acid ester by reacting (i) one or more 1,2-diols or (ii) a 1,2-diol and a primary alcohol as starting material(s) with oxygen in the presence of a catalyst comprising metal loaded on a carrier.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of purifying lactic acid esters, wherein an impure lactic acid ester is subjected to a melt crystallization. The impure lactic acid contains not more than 10 wt. % of impurities, based on the total amount of ester, and has a chiral purity of more than 90%. The ester is derived from lactic acid and a C1–C18 alcohol.

Abstract: Nordihydroguaiaretic acid derivatives and methods of use thereof for the treatment of tumors.

Abstract: In some embodiments, this invention relates to a method that includes contacting a PHA with an aprotic catalyst to form an ester. The ester has only one monomer unit from the PHA. In certain embodiments, this invention relates to a method that includes treating a PHA-containing non-lyophilized biomass to form an ester, and removing at least some of the ester from the biomass.

Abstract: A process for producing an optically active 3-azide-carboxylic acid ester by reacting an optically active 3-hydroxycarboxylic acid ester and a thionyl halide in the presence of a basic substance in an organic solvent to produce an optically active 3-halogenocarboxylic acid ester which is then reacted with an azide salt represented by the formula: MN3 (wherein M is an alkaline metal) in water or a mixture of water and a water soluble organic solvent.

Abstract: A process for producing plasticizers in which a phthalic acid having the CAS Nos. 111381-89-6, 111381-90-9, 111381-91-0, 68515-44-6, 68515-45-7 and 3648-20-7, the formed plasticizers and a method of increasing the plasticity of a plastic product.

Abstract: Methods and novel intermediates for the preparation of acyclic nucleoside derivatives of the formula: where one of R1 and R2 is an amino acid acyl group and the other of R1 and R2 is a —C(O)C3-C21 saturated or monounsaturated, optionally substituted alkyl and R3 is OH or H; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel process for producing a ?-lactone of the formula: using an acyl halide of the formula: wherein R1, R2 R3 and X are described herein, as well as novel intermediates. In particular, the present invention relates to a process for enantioselectively producing the (R)-?-lactone.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for recovering and producing C4-C6 dicarboxylates from an alkaline waste solution generated in a caprolactam preparation process, in which the alkaline waste solution is treated with sulfuric acid to separate into an aqueous phase and an organic phase, allowing valuable substances contained in the organic phase to be firstly oxidized and converted into dicarboxylic acids. The dicarboxylic acids then undergo concentration, esterification and distillation processes, so as to obtain desirable C4-C6 dicarboxylates with high purity. This therefore provides an efficient and improved method for effectively recovering most valuable substances from the alkaline waste solution, so that economic benefits in recovery are greatly raised.

Abstract: This invention relates to process for dihydroxylation of olefins using transition metal catalysts to obtain monofunctional, bifunctional, and/or polyfunctional 1,2-diols of the formula (I) R1R2C(OH)—C(OH)R3R4  (I) where R1 to R4 are defined herein, by reacting an olefin of the formula (II) R1R2C═CR3R4  (II) where R1 to R4 are defined as for formula (I), with molecular oxygen in the presence of an osmium, ruthenium, or manganese compound in water or a water-containing solvent mixture at a pH of from 7.5 to 13.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel process for producing a &dgr;-lactone of the formula: using an acyl halide of the formula: wherein R1, R2 R3 and X are described herein, as well as novel intermediates. In particular, the present invention relates to a process for enantioselectively producing the (R)-&dgr;-lactone.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing 3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxypropionic acid. This process includes the step of (a) bringing a 1,1-dihalogeno-3,3,3-trifluoroacetone into contact with a basic aqueous solution. The obtained 3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxypropionic acid may be reacted with a C1-C6 lower alcohol under an acidic condition, thereby producing a 3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxypropionate. This propionate may be reacted with a hydride reducing agent (e.g., sodium borohydride), thereby producing 3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxypropanol. These products (i.e., 3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxypropionic acid and its derivatives) are important intermediates for medicines and liquid crystals.

Abstract: The present invention provides a phthalate-free plasticizer for polymer resins. The phthalate-free plasticizer according to the invention includes a mixture of different triesters of glycerin, at least one of which meets the formula: CH2(OOR1)CH(OOR2)CH2(OOR3) wherein at least two of R1, R2, and R3 are different alkyl or aryl groups. Phthalate-free plasticizers according to the invention can be made by esterifying glycerin with a mixture of acids in the presence of a catalyst. Preferably, the mixture of acids includes at least two selected from the group consisting of alkyl acids and aryl acids, with each acid in the mixture containing up to about 11 carbon atoms, and more preferably from about 4 to about 9 carbon atoms each. The plasticizer according to the invention can be used to modify the properties of a wide variety of polymers including vinyl polymers, rubbers, polyurethanes, and acrylics, and has superb thermostability and low volatility.

Abstract: This invention relates to preparation of enantio-enriched compounds, and more particularly to enantio-enriched kavalactone compounds and derivatives thereof. The methods provide compounds that are useful as reagents, or building blocks, in the construction of other enantio-enriched compounds.

Abstract: Process for enantioselectively hydrogenating prochiral ketones to (S)-alcohols using platinum catalysts in the presence of cinchonines or quinidines as modifiers and in the presence of hydrogen, which is characterized in that the modifiers used are cinchonines unsubstituted in the 3-position, 3-ethylidenyl- or 9-methoxycinchonines or derivatives thereof in which the quinoline ring is replaced by other rings.

Abstract: Processes for preparing a calcium salt of a statin from an ester derivative or protected ester derivative of the statin by using calcium hydroxide are provided. The ester or protected ester derivative is contacted with calcium hydroxide to obtain the calcium salt. Preferred statins are rosuvastatin, pitavastatin and atorvastatin, simvastatin and lovastatin. In processes beginning with a protected statin ester derivative, the protecting group is hydrolyzed during salt formation by contact with calcium hydroxide, or is contacted with an acid catalyst followed by contact with calcium hydroxide.

Abstract: A method of producing a diol derivative efficiently and to high purity is provided. Specifically, the present invention relates to a method of producing a diol derivative having, as a fundamental step, a step of obtaining an &agr;-hydroxycarboxylic acid ester by reacting (i) one or more 1,2-diols or (ii) a 1,2-diol and a primary alcohol as starting material(s) with oxygen in the presence of a catalyst comprising metal loaded on a carrier.

Abstract: One aspect of the present invention relates to a method for the kinetic resolution of racemic and diastereomeric mixtures of chiral compounds. The critical elements of the method are: a non-racemic chiral tertiary-amine-containing catalyst; a racemic or diastereomeric mixture of a chiral substrate, e.g., a cyclic carbonate or cyclic carbamate; and a nucleophile, e.g., an alcohol, amine or thiol. A preferred embodiment of the present invention relates to a method for achieving the kinetic resolution of racemic and diastereomeric mixtures of derivatives of &agr;- and &bgr;-amino, hydroxy, and thio carboxylic acids. In certain embodiments, the methods of the present invention achieve dynamic kinetic resolution of a racemic or diastereomeric mixture of a substrate, i.e.

Abstract: A method for preparing a polyol useful in the formation of an isocyanate casting resin or coating composition is presented involving the reaction of an essentially C18 fatty acid mixture with a monofunctional alcohol to form a fatty acid ester mixture, forming a epoxidized fatty acid ester mixture from the fatty acid ester mixture, and reacting the epoxidized mixture with an aliphatic alcohol to form a polyol. The polyol can be further reacted with an isocyanate to form a casting resin or coating composition. The fatty acid mixture contains at least 80 percent oleic acid. Polyols prepared by this method provide good color quality and improved color stability during storage when used in the production of isocyanate casting resins and coating compositions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel process for the preparation of esters of the general formula I from compounds of the general formula II contained in aqueous solutions which comprises a) extracting the compounds of the general formula II directly or after liberation from their salts in the presence of a C1-C8-alcohol and a water-immiscible solvent and b) then esterifying with the C1-C8-alcohol in the presence of a catalyst and of an entraining agent under the conditions of an azeotropic distillation, where the process steps (a) and (b) can be carried out separately in terms of time and space or else in a successive continuous or batchwise sequence and where the variables and substituents in the formulae I and II have the following meanings: R1=F, Cl, —OH, —OC1-C10-alkyl, R2=H, C1-C10-alkyl; R3=C1-C8-alkyl, Q=—OH, —O−K+, where K+ is an alkali metal cation or alkaline earth metal cation, n&equ

Abstract: Novel acetyloxymethyl esters are disclosed. Methods of treating an illness, including cancer, hemological disorders and inherited metabolic disorders, and treating or ameliorating other conditions using these compounds are also disclosed. The compounds are effective in the inhibition of histone deacetylase.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the preparation and biological activity of 3-deoxy-Dmyo-inositol ether lipid analogs as inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase signaling and cancer cell growth. The compounds of the present invention are useful as anti-tumor 5 agents which effectively inhibit the growth of mammalian cells.