Abstract: A description is given of a process for preparing solutions of radiation-sensitive, free-radically polymerizable organic compounds, where a first starting compound, which has an acid halide group, and a second starting compound, which has an alcoholic hydroxyl group, are esterified with one another in a solvent or in a solvent mixture. The solvent comprises one or more ketones having a boiling point of below 150° C. under atmospheric pressure (1 bar), or the solvent mixture is composed to an extent of at least 50% by weight of said ketones. One of the two starting compounds has at least one radiation-sensitive group and the other of the two starting compounds has at least one ethylenically unsaturated, free-radically polymerizable group.

Abstract: A polymer includes a linker represented by Formula I ([OR1OCH2OR2OCH2]m), where R1 and R2 are, independently, alkylene, alkenylene, arylene, heteroarylene, or alkylarylalkylene; and the polymer has a weight average molecular weight of about 500 g/mol to about 2,000,000 g/mol, and m is 1 to 1000.

Abstract: Process for the production of saturated monocarboxylic acids and triglycerides of saturated carboxylic acids having more than one acid function starting from non-modified vegetable oils containing triglycerides of unsaturated fatty acids, comprising the oxidative cleavage of the unsaturated fatty acids.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are nucleoside phosphoramidates and their use as agents for treating viral diseases. These compounds are inhibitors of RNA-dependent 5 RNA viral replication and are useful as inhibitors of HCV NS5B polymerase, as inhibitors of HCV replication and for treatment of hepatitis C infection in mammals.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds represented by the following Formula I, In Formula I, R1 and R2 are each independently selected from hydrogen, and optionally substituted hydrocarbyl, provided that at least one of R1 and R2 is selected from optionally substituted hydrocarbyl (e.g., tertiary butyl); n is 0, 1 or 2, and each R3 is independently selected from optionally substituted hydrocarbyl; L1 is a divalent linking group, such as a bond or —C(O)O—; each L2 independently represents a flexible segment, such as divalent linear or branched C1-C25 alkyl; each L3 independently represents a rigid segment including, for example, optionally substituted phenylen-1,4-diyl groups; t is from 1 to 4; m and p are each independently from 0 to 4 for each t, provided that the sum of m and p is at least 1 for each t; and E can be, for example, C5-C18 aryl.

Abstract: Processes for the production of an alcohol, esters and aliphatic hydrocarbons are provided. In one embodiment, a process for the production of an alcohol comprises: oligomerizing an olefin or a mixture of olefins having the structural formula Cn-2H2n-3—CH?CH2, wherein n is an integer from 4 to 22, in the presence of an oligomerization catalyst, so as to form a vinylidene containing olefin oligomer; hydroformylating the vinylidene containing olefin oligomer in the presence of a hydroformylation catalyst so as to form a hydroformylated olefin oligomer; and dimerizing the hydroformylated olefin oligomer by means of a Guerbet reaction so as to form the alcohol.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of general formula I, (I), wherein R is wherein R is aryl substituted by R3; or R is (C3-Ci3)-cycloalkyl, (C3-Ci3)-cycloalkenyl or (C7-Ci3)-cycloalkynyl optionally substituted by R4; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates, or solvates thereof, for use—alone or in combination with one or more other pharmaceutically active compounds—in therapy, for preventing, treating or ameliorating diseases or conditions responsive to stimulation of neutrophil oxidative burst, responsive to stimulation of keratinocyte IL-8 release or responsive to induction of necrosis.

Abstract: The present invention provides phospho-amino pincer-type ligands, metal complexes thereof, and catalytic methods comprising such metal complexes.

Abstract: A process for the production of acetic acid and/or methyl acetate by carbonylating methanol and/or reactive derivatives thereof with carbon monoxide in the presence of a catalyst which is a mordenite which has been treated with an aqueous basic solution containing at least one of aluminate ions and gallate ions and has a silica:X2O3 molar ratio (wherein X is A1 and/or Ga) of at least 12:1.

Abstract: A radiation-sensitive resin composition includes a compound represented by a formula (1), and a base polymer. In the formula (1), R1 is a group represented by a formula (a1), and M+ represents a radiation-degradable monovalent cation. In the formula (a1), R2 represents a substituted or unsubstituted chain hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, or the like. R3 represents a substituted or unsubstituted divalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, or the like. R41 represents —CO—, or the like. R42 represents —CO—, or the like. m is an integer of 0 to 2. n is an integer of 0 to 1. A site denoted by * is a binding site with —O— in the formula (1).

Abstract: This invention relates to geranylgeranyl acetone (GGA) derivatives and the use of GGA, its isomers, and GGA derivatives in methods for inhibiting neural death, increasing neural activity, increasing axon growth and cell viability, and increasing the survival rate of subjects administered the GGA or GGA derivatives.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel Ruthenium catalysts and related borohydride complexes, and the use of such catalysts, inter alia, for (1) hydrogenation of amides (including polyamides) to alcohols and amines; (2) preparing amides from alcohols with amines (including the preparation of polyamides (e.g., polypeptides) by reacting dialcohols and diamines and/or by polymerization of amino alcohols); (3) hydrogenation of esters to alcohols (including hydrogenation of cyclic esters (lactones) or cyclic di-esters (di-lactones) or polyesters); (4) hydrogenation of organic carbonates (including polycarbonates) to alcohols and hydrogenation of carbamates (including polycarbamates) or urea derivatives to alcohols and amines; (5) dehydrogenative coupling of alcohols to esters; (6) hydrogenation of secondary alcohols to ketones; (7) amidation of esters (i.e.

Abstract: Polyurethane foams are prepared from polyester polyols obtained by reaction of diols with a mixture of diacids derived from a mixture of dinitrile compounds obtained as by-products in the manufacture of adiponitrile by hydrocyanation of butadiene.

Abstract: An isocyanate-terminated prepolymer having three components. The first component is 30-60 wt % polymerized residues of a first polyol containing a substituent of formula (I) attached via a carbon-carbon single bond to a saturated carbon atom in a fatty acid hydrocarbyl group; wherein R1 and R2 are esterified residues of aliphatic or cycloaliphatic diols; and wherein the first polyol contains: (i) from 0.33 to 0.4 units of formula (I) per fatty acid hydrocarbyl group, and (ii) from 0 to 12 wt % esterified residues of at least one C4-C12 anhydride, C4-C12 diacid or C4-C12 lactone, not including units of formula (I) attached to a fatty acid hydrocarbyl group; and wherein the first polyol has a hydroxyl number from 75 to 150 mg KOH/g. The second component is 40-55 wt % polymerized residues of diphenyl methane diisocyanate. The third component is 0-20 wt % polymerized residues of a glycol having Mn from 300 to 3500.

Abstract: The invention provides use of a photosensitiser, which is a derivative (e.g., an ester) of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for use in the prevention or treatment of acne.

Abstract: The present invention is directed generally to a method of production of value-added, biobased chemicals from lignin sources, including waste lignin. A method of using a depolymerization of lignin to create a tiered production of biobased aromatic chemicals and biofuels is also described herein. The method described herein may also allow for the selective production of the biobased aromatic chemicals and biofuels. Additionally, a reduction of waste products may also be provided from the present method.

Abstract: The present invention provides synthetic routes for preparing various isomers of cyclohexane-based coolants, such as menthyl esters and menthanecarboxamide derivatives, in particular those substituted at the amide nitrogen, for example with an aromatic ring or aryl moiety. Such structures have high cooling potency and long lasting sensory effect, which make them useful in a wide variety of consumer products. One synthetic route involves a copper catalyzed coupling of a primary menthanecarboxamide with an aryl halide, such reaction working best in the presence of potassium phosphate and water. Using this synthetic route, specific isomers can be prepared including the menthanecarboxamide isomer having the same configuration as l-menthol and new isomers such as a neoisomer having opposite stereochemistry at the carboxamide (C-1) position. The neoisomer unexpectedly has potent and long lasting cooling effect.

Abstract: The composition of a (phosphonyl) aromatic compound represented by is provided. In this composition, R1(a) and R1(b) are each independently H, CnH2n+1, phenyl or benzyl; R2(a) and R2(b) are each independently H, CnH2n+1, phenyl or benzyl with the proviso that no more than one R2(a) and no more than one R2(b) can be phenyl or benzyl; R3(a) and R3(b) are each independently CnH2n+1, phenyl or benzyl; and, n is an integer of 1-10; and p is an integer of 1-10. The disclosed composition can find utility in improving flame retardancy of polyesters, aramids and nylons.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of para-coumaric acid or para-hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives in cosmetic or dermatological compositions, specifically to the use of at least one compound derived from para-coumaric acid having a general formula (I) below: in which, especially, Z represents an oxygen or an —NH— group; X and Y are identical and each represent a CH or CH2 group, as an active principle with depigmenting, free-radical-scavenging and/or antiinflammatory activity. The invention also relates to the use of the above compounds for cosmetic care or for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition, especially for depigmenting an area of skin, having antiradical and/or antiinflammatory activity.

Abstract: Provided is a process for preparing a (meth)acrylic ester (F) of an N-hydroxyalkylated lactam, in which a cyclic N-hydroxyalkylated lactam (L): where the structural variables as defined herein, in the presence of at least one metal salt of C1-C10-alkoxides (A), is esterified with (meth)acrylic acid (S) or transesterified with at least one (meth)acrylic ester (D), in which the metal salt of C1-C10-alkoxides (A) used as a catalyst is added in the absence of solvents and completely at the start of the reaction.

Abstract: A method of producing a carbonate product including mixing a DMC and methanol mixture with an alcohol, reacting the DMC with the alcohol to form carbonate product, and removing a substantial portion of unreacted DMC and methanol. In one embodiment, the method may be repeated to reach a desired alcohol conversion by adding more DMC and methanol mixture.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel calamitic mesogenic compounds which are especially suitable for use in birefringent films with negative optical dispersion, to novel liquid crystal (LC) formulations and polymer films comprising them, and to the use of the compounds, formulations and films in optical, electrooptical, electronic, semiconducting or luminescent components or devices.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a method of counteracting a malodor by introducing a malodor counteracting effective amount of methyl 3-methyl cyclohexane carboxylate.

Abstract: A polymerizable liquid crystal compound shown by the following formula, a polymerizable liquid crystal composition that includes the polymerizable liquid crystal compound and a chiral compound polymerizable with the polymerizable liquid crystal compound, a liquid crystalline polymer obtained by polymerizing the polymerizable liquid crystal compound or the polymerizable liquid crystal composition, and an optically anisotropic article that includes the liquid crystalline polymer, are disclosed.

Abstract: A one pot method of preparing cyclic carbonyl compounds comprising an active pendant pentafluorophenyl ester group is disclosed. The cyclic carbonyl compounds can be polymerized by ring opening methods to form ROP polymers comprising repeat units comprising a side chain pentafluorophenyl ester group. Using a suitable nucleophile, the pendant pentafluorophenyl ester group can be selectively transformed into a variety of other functional groups before or after the ring opening polymerization.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the cosmetic, dermatological or pharmaceutical (therapeutic) use of compounds of formula (I) or a cosmetically acceptable salt of a compound of formula (I) or a mixture containing two or more of these compounds or the salts thereof wherein R1 denotes hydrogen or an organic radical having 1 to 14 carbon atoms, R2 denotes an organic radical having 1 to 14 carbon atoms, and wherein optionally R1 and R2 are covalently bonded to one another, preferably so that a 3 to 8 membered ring is formed, for the lightening of skin and/or hair. The invention further relates to compositions and cosmetic, dermatological or pharmaceutical preparations (compositions) comprising one or more compounds of formula (I) suitable for lightening human skin and/or hair and corresponding methods.

Abstract: Method of removing metals from hydrocarbon feedstock using esters of carboxylic acids, and additives for the same, are provided, wherein hydrocarbon stream including crude oil containing metals and salts thereof, wherein metal is calcium and its salt is calcium naphthenate, is mixed with an effective metal-removing-amount of an aqueous extraction-solution of non-precipitating and non-fouling additive comprising a chemical compound selected from a group consisting of methyl or ethyl or propyl or isopropyl mono- and/or di-esters of any one of the carboxylic acids selected from the groups consisting of maleic acid, maleic anhydride, and fumaric acid, or an appropriate combination of said esters, or an appropriate combination of any of said esters with any of said carboxylic acids to form a hydrocarbonous phase and an aqueous phase containing the metal ions; and separating aqueous phase.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to processes of making (R)-3-(2,3-Dihydroxypropyl)-6-fluoro-5-(2-fluoro-4-iodophenylamino)-8-methylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,7(3H,8H)-dione, intermediates thereof, and a process for making a particular polymorph of (R)-3-(2,3-Dihydroxypropyl)-6-fluoro-5-(2-fluoro-4-iodophenylamino)-8-methylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,7(3H,8H)-dione.

Abstract: The present application provides novel compounds and methods for preparing and using these compounds. These compounds are useful in treating pain, itch, overactive bladder and/or interstitial cystitis in patients by administering one or more of the compounds to a patient. The methods include administering a compound of formula (I) and a TRPV1 receptor activator. In one embodiment, the TRPV1 receptor activator is lidocaine.

Abstract: A multi-step method for the continuous synthesis of ibuprofen or a synthetic precursor of ibuprofen is provided that does not require any intermediate purification or isolation steps and uses reagents compatible with downstream reactions. According to some embodiments, a method is provided wherein isobutylbenzene and a propionyl compound may be converted into a first product in a first Friedel Crafts acylation reaction. The first product may then be converted into a second product in a 1,2-aryl migration reaction. Finally, the second product may be converted into ibuprofen in a hydrolysis reaction. The present invention also provides a method wherein only the first and second reaction steps or only the second and third reaction steps are performed. An apparatus is also provided having two or more microreactors and two or more junctions in particular arrangements for the synthesis of ibuprofen or a synthetic precursor of ibuprofen.

Abstract: The present invention pertains generally to the field of coolants and medical therapy. More particularly, the present invention relates to certain anti-nociceptive agents, such as [((1R,2S,5R)-2-isopropyl-5-methyl-cyclohexanecarbonyl)-amino]-acetic acid isopropyl ester, that are potent and long-acting and selectively cooling for non-keratinized epithelial tissues as compared to keratinized epithelial tissues, and are useful, for example, for the treatment of (e.g., the alleviation of symptoms of; the amelioration of) sensory discomfort of non-keratinized stratified epithelial (NKSE) tissue; and so for treatment of: sensory discomfort of an ocular surface, an eyelid, a margin of an eyelid, an anterior part of an eyeball, a conjunctiva, a lachrymal system, a pre-corneal film, or a cornea, a lining of the oral cavity, an internal portion of the lips, a pharyngeal surface, an esophageal surface, or an anogenital surface; eye discomfort, e.g.

Abstract: A method of production of value-added, biobased chemicals, derivative products, and/or purified glycerin from animal-based bioglycerin is described herein. A method of purification of animal-based bioglycerin is also described herein. The method of purification of animal-based bioglycerin described provides methods for desalinating, decolorizing, and/or concentrating animal-based bioglycerin for the production of biobased chemicals, derivative products, and/or purified glycerin.

Abstract: Provided herein are geranylgeranylacetone derivatives and methods of using them.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a switch element, which is thermo-responsive and which switches between a less transmissive state for radiant energy and a more transmissive state for radiant energy, and which comprises a liquid-crystalline medium. The invention furthermore relates to the use of the switch element for the regulation of radiant energy flow between interior spaces and the environment and for the regulation of the temperature of interior spaces. The invention furthermore relates to a liquid-crystalline medium, characterised in that it comprises 5-60% of a compound of the formula (I), in particular for use in the switch elements according to the invention.

Abstract: Methods of processing chemicals change their structure, and in particular increase their solubility and/or rate of dissolution, for intermediates and products made from the structurally changed materials. Many of the methods provide materials that can be more readily utilized in reactions or other processes to produce useful intermediates and products, e.g., energy, fuels, foods or materials. Chemicals that are treated using the processes described herein can be used to form highly concentrated solutions. Treatment can change the functionality of the chemical, and thus the polarity of the chemical, which may render the treated chemical soluble in solvents in which the untreated chemical is insoluble or only sparingly or partially soluble. Methods may in some cases increase the solubility of the chemical in water or aqueous media. The chemical may be, for example, a solid, liquid, or gel, or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of an ester in a reactor, wherein at least a portion of the process components is led in a delivery stream outside the reactor over a heat transfer surface as a film, the ratio of the delivery stream to the heat transfer surface being in a range of from 0.25 to 3 m/h, a device, a process for the preparation of a thermoplastic composition comprising the ester prepared according to the invention, a process for the production of a shaped article comprising the ester according to the invention or the thermoplastic composition according to the invention, a process for the production of a packed product, a process for the production of an at least partly coated object, and uses of the esters according to the invention as an additive in various compositions.

Abstract: The invention relates to new cyclohexylene reactive mesogens (RM), polymers derived thereof, liquid crystal (LC) media comprising them, and the use of the compounds, polymers and liquid crystalline media in optical, electrooptical, electronic, semiconducting or luminescent components or devices, in decorative, security, cosmetic or diagnostic applications, especially in the polymer stabilised blue phase.

Abstract: Preparation of derivatives of ?-hydroxycarboxylic acid, including ?-hydroxycarboxylic acid esters, ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acid, esters of ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acid, and alkoxy derivatives.

Abstract: The present invention provides phospho-amino pincer-type ligands, metal complexes thereof, and catalytic methods comprising such metal complexes.

Abstract: A salt represented by formula (I): wherein Q1 and Q2 each independently represent a fluorine atom or a C1-C6 perfluoroalkyl group, A1 represents a C1-C30 monovalent organic group, X1 represents a C1-C10 aliphatic hydrocarbon group where a hydrogen atom may be replaced by a hydroxy group, m1 and m2 independently each represent an integer of 1 to 4, and Z+ represents an organic cation.

Abstract: The startup of a tubular reactor containing fresh or regenerated molecular sieve catalyst and cooled by steam generation on the shell side, as part of an olefin oligomerisation process, is improved by, during the startup phase of the reactor, controlling the pressure on the shell side of the reactor at maximum 10 barg. The startup may be further improved by controlling the inlet temperature of the hydrocarbon startup stream to the reactor, by controlling the flow of reactant olefins to the reactor, or by controlling the nature and/or concentration of the olefins in the reactor feed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to odour improved dermatological or cosmetic preparations comprising N-acetylcysteine and a polyol system containing one or more polyols as masking odour agents. The emulsions of the present invention are useful in the treatment of dermatological disorders or cosmetic skin conditions.

Abstract: A polymerizable liquid crystal compound represented by formula (I) is disclosed. R0 and R1 represent a hydrogen atom, or a C1-4 alkyl group, provided that at least one of R0 and R1 represent a C1-4 alkyl group; A0, A1, B0 and B1 represent a single bond, or a divalent linking group having a cyclic structure; X0, X1, Y0 and Y1 represent a single bond, —O—, —S—, —OCO—, —COO—, —OCOO—, —NR2CO—, —CONR2—, —OCONR2—, —NR2COO—, —NR2CONR2—, —C?N— or —N?C—; Q0 and Q1 a single bond or a divalent aliphatic group; Z0 and Z1 represent a hydrogen atom, cyano, halogen atom or polymerizable group; and n and m each independently represent an integer of from 0 to 2.

Abstract: A liquid color concentrate is disclosed, having a liquid acrylic-based polymer carrier; colorant; and optionally other functional additives. The colorant can be one or more pigments, one or more dyes, or combinations thereof. The liquid polymer is compatible with a variety of plastic resins, especially optically clear plastic resins, such as polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, and styrene-acrylonitrile.

Abstract: The invention provides method of producing n-butyraldehyde using recombinant solventogenic bacteria and recombinant microorganisms.

Abstract: The present invention relates to some perfuming ingredients which are esters of formula (I) wherein R1 and R2 represent each a hydrogen atom or a methyl or ethyl group; and R3 represents a C5-C8 group of formula satured or unsatured linear, branched or cyclic group.

Abstract: Process for enzymatically synthesizing carboxylic esters, characterized in that mixing and discharge of the water of reaction are effected by introducing a gas while achieving low effectiveness ratios EV.

Abstract: The present disclosure includes compounds of Formula I: wherein R1-R3, Ar, and n are as defined herein, and methods for the quantification of carboxylic acids in samples, specifically biological samples, using the compounds of Formula I. The compounds of Formula I are novel stable isotopic reagents that are useful in differential isotopic labeling methods.

Abstract: The present invention relates to coated dehydrated microorganisms comprising a dehydrated microorganism surrounded by at least one coating, said coating comprising by dry weight at least 25% of hygroscopic salt(s) and wherein the pH of the coating is compatible with viability of the coated dehydrated microorganism. The coating can be partially crystalline, the salt(s) in the coating having preferably a crystallinity degree of up to 60% once applied onto the dehydrated microorganism. The present invention also relates to liquid coating compositions, methods for coating and protecting a dehydrated microorganism. Finally, the present invention relates to a method for the preparation of food products, feed products, consumer healthcare products or agri-products as well as to a food product, feed product, a consumer healthcare product or an agri-product containing such coated dehydrated microorgansims.

Abstract: Provided are compounds, compositions, and methods for treating diseases and conditions wherein an inhibitor of a kinase, such as rho kinase (ROCK), and an inhibitor of one or more of the monoamine transporters, such as NET or SERT, act in concert to improve the condition.