Abstract: An optically anisotropic material having a good durability against light is provided. Further, an optical element having a good durability against light and an optical information writing/reading device employing such an element are provided. The optically anisotropic material is obtainable by polymerizing a polymerizable liquid crystal composition containing at least 5 mol % of at least one type of polymerizable compound represented by a general formula CH2?CR1—COO—K-Cy-Cy-L-OCO—CR2?CH2. A phase difference plate 4 produced by employing the optically anisotropic material has a good durability against light, and accordingly, the phase difference plate 4 can realize an optical heat device suitable for large capacity writing/reading by employing a blue laser as a light source 1.

Abstract: A polymerizable liquid crystal compound represented by formula (I) is disclosed. R0 and R1 represent a hydrogen atom, or a C1-4 alkyl group, provided that at least one of R0 and R1 represent a C1-4 alkyl group; A0, A1, B0 and B1 represent a single bond, or a divalent linking group having a cyclic structure; X0, X1, Y0 and Y1 represent a single bond, —O—, —S—, —OCO—, —COO—, —OCOO—, —NR2CO—, —CONR2—, —OCONR2—, —NR2COO—, —NR2CONR2—, —C?N— or —N?C—; Q0 and Q1 a single bond or a divalent aliphatic group; Z0 and Z1 represent a hydrogen atom, cyano, halogen atom or polymerizable group; and n and m each independently represent an integer of from 0 to 2.

Abstract: A compound represented by the following formula (I?) wherein X1 is a methylene group, an ethylene group, a trimethylene group or a vinylene group, X2 is a divalent group represented by the following formula A or B, Y is an ethylene group or a vinylene group, m and n are each an integer of 0 to 7, which satisfy m+n=0 to 8, R1 and R2 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a methyl group or an ethyl group, provided that when X1 is a methylene group, then X2 is not a divalent group represented by the formula A, and when X1 is a vinylene group, then X2 is not a divalent group represented by the formula A. The compound is a stable capsinoid derivative, and is useful as an active ingredient of an external blood circulation enhancer or a cosmetic composition, a pharmaceutical composition, or a food composition.

Abstract: The presently disclosed subject matter provides a method of synthesizing prostaglandins and prostaglandin analogs comprising the ring closing metathesis of compounds of Formula (I). Also provided are novel compounds of Formula (I) and Formula (II). In addition to their use as synthetic intermediates in the presently disclosed methods, compounds of Formula (II) can be used as prostaglandin and/or prostaglandin analog prodrugs.

Abstract: Disclosed is the use of benzylidene malonates of formula (1) wherein R1 is methyl; ethyl; propyl; or n-butyl; if R1 is methyl, then R is tert. butyl; a radical of formula (1a) or a radical of formula (1b) wherein R2 and R3, independently from each other are hydrogen; or methyl; R4 is methyl; ethyl; or n-propyl; R5 and R6 independently from each other are hydrogen; or C1-C3alkyl; if R1 is ethyl; propyl; or n-butyl, then R is isopropyl; for the protection of human and animal hair and skin against UV radiation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing a polyester polyol having a concentration of ether groups in the range from 9.0 mol/kg of polyester polyol to 22 mol/kg polyester polyol, characterized in that (i) in a first step (A) isophthalic acid, optionally in the form of a C1-C4 alkyl ester, and/or terephthalic acid, optionally in the form of a C1-C4 alkyl ester, is reacted with (B) oligoethylene glycol of the formula H—(OCH2CH2)n—OH having a numerical average number of oxyethylene groups n in the range from 3.0 to 9.0, in the presence of at least one catalyst selected from the group made up of tin(II) salts, bismuth(II) salts, and titanium tetraalkoxylates, at a temperature in the range from 160° C. to 240° C.

Abstract: Disclosed therein is a novel cyclic olefin compound having a photoreactive group and a novel photoreactive polymer. The cyclic olefin compound is applicable to various photoreactions, such as of liquid crystal alignment films and can be preferably used as a precursor of different organic compounds or polymers.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of producing polyhydroxytyrosol comprising the step of reacting hydroxytyrosol monomers or derivative thereof in a mixed solution comprising an enzyme, hydrogen peroxide, and an aqueous solvent.

Abstract: Esters of O-substituted hydroxy carboxylic acids are provided having Formula 1, or 2, or both Formulas 1 and 2: wherein R and R1 are independently selected from the group consisting of substituted and unsubstituted, branched- and straight-chain, saturated, unsaturated, and polyunsaturated C1-C22 alkyl, substituted and unsubstituted C3-C8 cycloalkyl, substituted and unsubstituted C6-C20 carbocyclic aryl, and substituted and unsubstituted C4-C20 heterocyclic; wherein the heteroatoms are selected from sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen; and wherein n is 1-6. Process of producing esters of O-substituted hydroxy carboxylic acids are also provided.

Abstract: The racemic and chiral compounds expressed by common formula 1 and formula 2: wherein the lateral substituents X1, X2, X3, X4, X5, X6, X7 and X8 in the benzene rings represent independently hydrogen and fluorine atoms, bridge group Z represent independently the single bond or COO, CH2CH2, CH2O and OCH2 group, substituent Y represents CH3, or CH2F, CHF2, CF3, C2H5 group, symbols n, m, r and t are independently integers of 1 to 8; symbols p and s signify independently number of 0 to 1 and its orthoconic antiferroelectric long helical pitch mixtures prepared by the methods 1) to the racemic components selected from compounds 1 are added chiral components selected from the compound of formula 1 and/or chiral components selected from the compounds of formula 2 and/or another optically active compounds with high helical twisting power, 2) to chiral compound 1 which helical pitches increases with the temperature increase is added chiral compound 1 which helical pitch decreases with temperature increase.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel compounds from Antrodia cinnamomea and their use.

Abstract: Disclosed is a maintenance liquid for property carrying out imprints excellent in patternability. The maintenance liquid for imprints of an ink-jet discharging device comprises a compound comprising an ester group and/or an ether group.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing an optically active 2-hydroxy ester, comprising selectively esterifying one enantiomer of a racemic 2-hydroxy ester in a solvent containing a catalyst such as tetramisole or benzotetramisole, and a carboxylic acid anhydride, or a carboxylic acid anhydride and a carboxylic acid. In particular, in the case where the solvent contains a carboxylic acid anhydride, but does not contain a carboxylic acid, as the carboxylic acid anhydride, a carboxylic acid anhydride containing a tertiary or quaternary carbon atom in the a-position is used. On the other hand, in the case where the solvent contains a carboxylic acid anhydride and a carboxylic acid, as the carboxylic acid, a carboxylic acid containing a tertiary or quaternary carbon atom in the a-position is used.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing compounds of general formula I wherein R1 and R2 are defined as in claim 1, the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and the solvates thereof, which may be prepared starting from compounds of general formula II wherein R1 is defined as in claim 1.

Abstract: Cyhalofop esters are prepared by coupling 2-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)-propionic acid with 3,4-difluorobenzonitrile with base in a polar aprotic solvent (optionally including a phase-transfer catalyst), alkylating with alkyl halide, removing the polar aprotic solvent (optionally using cyhalofop ester as a flux), removing salt by aqueous extraction of molten cyhalofop ester without a solvent, and removing residual water by heating under reduced pressure.

Abstract: A zwitterionic phosphonium salt of Formula I: wherein n is 0 or 1; R is H or SO3; R? is selected from the group consisting of C1-C10 alkyl, C2-C10 alkenyl, C2-C10 alkynyl, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, phenyl, substituted phenyl, benzyl and C1-C10 alkoxy-carbonyl; R? is CX3 when n is O; and X is selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br and I. The zwitterionic phosphonium salts are useful reagents for the preparation of alkenes and acetals from the corresponding aldehyde.

Abstract: A photosensitive compound whose size is smaller than conventional polymer for photoresist, and which has well-defined (uniform) structure, and a photoresist composition including the same are disclosed. The photosensitive compound represented by the following formula. Also, the present invention provides a photoresist composition comprising 1 to 85 wt % (weight %) of the photosensitive compound; 0.05 to 15 weight parts of a photo-acid generator with respect to 100 weight parts of the photosensitive compound; and 10 to 5000 weight parts of an organic solvent. In the formula, n is 0 or 1, x is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, y is 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, z is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, R, R? and R? are independently hydrocarbon group of 1 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 20 carbon atoms, and R?? is a hydrogen atom or hydrocarbon group of 1 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 20 carbon atoms.

Abstract: This invention relates to liquid crystal compositions, and polymer networks and articles comprising the compositions. The compositions comprise at least one compound of the group of compounds represented by the structures of each of the following Formulas (IV), (V) and (VI), as defined herein. A process for making the composition is also provided.

Abstract: Compounds and methods useful for chemopreventative treatment of diseases such as cancer, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, inflammatory bowel diseases, and multiple sclerosis.

Abstract: The present invention provides cyclopentane heptanoic acid, 2-cycloalkyl or arylalkyl compounds, which may be substituted in the 1-position with amino, amido, ether or ester groups, e.g., a 1-OH cyclopentane heptanoic acid, 2-(cycloalkyl or arylalkyl) compound. The cyclopentane heptanoic acid, 2-(cycloalkyl or arylalkyl) compounds of the present invention are potent ocular hypotensives, and are particularly suitable for the management of glaucoma. Moreover, the cyclopentane heptanoic, 2-(cycloalkyl or arylalkyl) compounds of this invention are smooth muscle relaxants with broad application in systemic hypertensive and pulmonary diseases; smooth muscle relaxants with application in gastrointestinal disease, reproduction, fertility, incontinence, shock, etc.

Abstract: Therapeutic compounds, methods, and compositions are disclosed herein for treating glaucoma and baldness in mammals. The specific compounds are described herein and are modified prostaglandin derivates.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel process for preparing ?-arylmethylcarbonyl compound of the formula (III), characterized in that aryl- and heteroarylacetic acids and derivatives thereof of the formula (I) are reacted with ?-halomethylcarbonyl compounds of the formula (II) in the presence of a palladium catalyst, of a phosphine ligand, of an inorganic base and of a phase transfer catalyst, optionally using an organic solvent.

Abstract: A transesterification process for the preparation of tetrakis[3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy phenyl)propionyl oxymethyl]methane by the reaction of methyl-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy phenyl)propionate ester with pentaerythritol wherein the reaction takes place in the presence of an ester exchange catalyst combination consisting of (a) at least one basic or neutral catalyst and (b) at least one metal compound capable of behaving as a Lewis acid being different from the basic or neutral catalyst and wherein the reaction is conducted through a first stage in which only the at least one basic or neutral catalyst is present in the reaction mixture followed by a second stage which commences with the addition of Lewis acid catalyst to the reaction mixture when the amount of di-substituted intermediate product contained within the reaction mixture has been reduced to less than 20 area % analysed by HPLC.

Abstract: A dividing wall column comprises the following segments: a) an upper column region (1), b) an enrichment section (2) of the feed section, c) a stripping section (4) of the feed section, d) an upper part (3) of the offtake section, e) a lower part (5) of the offtake section, f) an intermediate region (9) of the feed section, g) an intermediate region (10) of the offtake section and h) a lower column region (6). For the purposes of the present invention, it is essential that the dividing wall (7) is located vertically between the segments b) (2) and d) (3) and between the segments c) (4) and e) (5), the segments b) (2), d) (3), c) (4) and e) (5) have separation-active internals and the cross-sectional area Ab of the segment b) (2) is at least 10% smaller than the cross-sectional area Ad of segment d) (3), and the cross-sectional area Ac of the segment c) (4) is at least 10% greater than the cross-sectional area Ae of segment e) (5).

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of producing polyhydroxytyrosol comprising the step of reacting hydroxytyrosol monomers or derivative thereof in a mixed solution comprising an enzyme, hydrogen peroxide, and an aqueous solvent.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the present application discloses mixtures comprising (a) water in an amount of at least 1% wt/wt of the mixture; (b) a transition metal catalyst; and (c) one or more solubilizing agents; and methods for using such mixtures for performing transition metal mediated bond formation reactions.

Abstract: Polymers grafted with a compound of formula I, wherein the general symbols are as defined within, have outstanding stability against oxidative, thermal, dynamic, light-induced and/or ozone-induced degradation.

Abstract: A photosensitive compound has two or more structural units, in a molecule, represented by the following general formula (1): wherein R1 to R8 are selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an acetoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, and an alkyl group in which some or all of the hydrogen atoms are optionally replaced by fluorine atoms; R9 is a hydrogen atom or a hydroxyl group; X is a substituted or unsubstituted phenylene group or a substituted or unsubstituted naphthalene group; and Y is an oxygen atom or a single bond.

Abstract: To develop a highly safe measure to treat Alzheimer's disease using a secretase-inhibiting substance, there is provided a compound represented by the following general formula (I) or a salt thereof: wherein A represents a phenyl group or the like, R1 represents a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, or a nitro group or the like, R2, R3, R4, and R5 each represent a hydrogen atom or the like, and L represents CH2—CH2 or CH?CH.

Abstract: Method for preparing 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid and certain derivatives thereof, and use thereof in the preparation of plant-protection products. Method for combating aphids using 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid and certain derivatives thereof.

Abstract: The present application provides intermediates for preparing prostaglandin analogues and processes for preparing prostaglandin analogues and intermediates thereof. The intermediates include: A compound of formula (6): R1 represents H, C1-C5-alkyl, or benzyl, in particular isopropyl.

Abstract: Disclosed is the use of benzylidene malonates of formula (1), wherein R1 and R2, independently from each other are hydrogen; OH; C1-C12alkyl; C1-C12alkoxy; C1-C12alkylamino; C1-C12dialkylamino; water-solubilizing groups, selected from carboxylate, sulfonates or ammonium radicals; R3 is COOR5; COR5; CONR5R6; CN; or SO2R7, R4 is COOR8; COR9; CONR8R9; CN; or SO2R10; R5, R6, R7, R8, R9 and R10 independently from each other are C1-C18alkyl; unsubstituted or by one or more than one C1-C4alkyl substituted C3-C12-cycloalkyl; unsubstituted or C1-C6alkyl-substituted C6-C20aryl; organosilanyl, or organosiloxanyl; A is —C1-C20alkylene-, —CH2CH(OH)CH2—, —C5-C20cycloalkylene, —C2-C20alkenylene-, —C5-C10arylene-, or —C5-C10arylene-(C1-C10alkylene)- which are unsubstituted or substituted, straight-chain or branched, optionally interrupted by one or more than one heteroatoms selected from —O, —S— or —NH—; for the protection of human and animal hair and skin against UV radiation.

Abstract: The invention is directed to polyester processes that utilizes a pipe reactor in the esterification, polycondensation, or both esterification and polycondensation processes. Pipe reactor processes of the present invention have a multitude of advantages over prior art processes including improved heat transfer, volume control, agitation and disengagement functions.

Abstract: Triglyceride and other polyol ester PVC plasticizers can be produced by recovery of branched C6 to C9 aldehydes from a hydroformylation product, optional hydrogenation to the alcohol, oxidation to the acid with oxygen and/or air, recovery of the resulting acid, and esterification with glycerol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol or mixtures thereof. The branched alkyl chains comprise at least 10% methyl branching. Special triglycerides are derived from branched aliphatic acids having alkyl chains with average carbon numbers from 6 to 9 and at least 10% methyl branching. These triglycerides are fast fusing plasticisers if before esterification with glycerol, an aryl acid is introduced together with the aliphatic acids.

Abstract: The present invention relates to 2-(substituted sulphur, sulphone or sulphoxide)-3-(substituted phenyl) propionic acid derivatives, 2-(substituted oxygen)-3-(substituted phenyl) propionic acid derivatives, benzoic acid derivatives, and derivatives of 2-methyl-2-(phenoxy or phenylthio)propanoic acid and 2-(methylor ethyl)-2-(phenoxy or phenylthio)butanoic acid, to processes for preparing such compounds, to their use in the treatment of inflammatory conditions, and to pharmaceutical compositions containing them.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing 2-methyl-2?-phenylpropionic acid derivatives showing antihistamine activity in more simplified way, intermediate compounds and their preparation processes used therefor. According to the present invention, pharmaceutically useful 2-methyl-2?-phenylpropionic acid derivatives can be prepared with high yield and purity on industrial scale.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds from mycelium of Antrodia cinnamomea. The present invention also relates to a composition and a method for treating or prophylaxis of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.

Abstract: A mixture comprising (a) one or more liquid UV absorbers, with the proviso that Tinuvin 384-2 as a liquid UV absorber is excluded, (b) one or more branched polymers comprising stabilizing groups, (c) optionally one or more further additions. Use of such a mixture for stabilizing inanimate organic materials against the effect of light, oxygen and/or heat. Inanimate organic materials comprising at least one such mixture, and also articles produced from such inanimate organic materials. Methods of stabilizing inanimate organic materials against the effect of light, oxygen and/or heat by adding to said inanimate organic materials at least one such mixture in an effective amount.

Abstract: The present invention relates to butenoic acid derivatives of the formula I: in which R, R1, R2 and R3 are as defined in the description, and also to processes for the preparation thereof, to pharmaceutical compositions comprising them and to their use for the treatment of dyslipidaemia, atherosclerosis and diabetes.

Abstract: The invention relates to a compound represented by the following formula (I): and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, stereoisomers, enantiomers, prodrugs and solvates thereof. The compounds are useful as an agent for enhancing the neurite outgrowth and preventing or treating of diseases associated with HDAC in particular, tumor or cell proliferative diseases. In particular, the compounds of the invention can be used as an agent for anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, and anti-neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, Spinocerebellar Ataxias (SCA), and human spinal muscular atrophy (SMA).

Abstract: Shape memory main-chain smectic-C elastomers are described, as are methods for their preparation and monomers used in such methods. The elastomers are prepared by hydrosilylation of a reaction mixture including a liquid crystalline diene, a crosslinking agent, and a bis(silyl hydride) compound. The elastomers exhibit shape-memory properties and spontaneously reversible shape changes. They are useful for fabrication of shape memory articles including, for example, implantable medical devices, contact lenses, reversible embossing media, and Fresnel lenses.

Abstract: Linked aromatic compounds found to act as potent soot dispersants in lubricating oil compositions; lubricating, oil compositions containing such soot dispersants and precursor compounds from which the soot dispersants are derived.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel compounds from Antrodia cinnamomea and their use.

Abstract: Novel ligand compounds having the structural formula (I): in which: Ar is a radical selected from among the radicals of formulae (a)-(c) below: are formulated into pharmaceutical compositions suited for administration in human or veterinary medicine, or, alternatively into cosmetic compositions.

Abstract: Disclosed is a chain-end functionalized methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (mPEG), a process of preparing the same, a living methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) for preparing the functionalized methoxy poly(ethylene glycol), a nano-particles of transition metal or metal salt encapsulated in the micelle structure formed by the chain-end functionalized methoxy poly(ethylene glycol), and a method for preparing the nano-particles of transition metal or metal salt.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel 2-alkoxy-6-alkylphenyl-substituted spirocyclic tetramic acid derivatives of the formula (I) in which A, B, D, G, X, Y and Z are as defined above, to a plurality of processes and intermediates for their preparation and to their use as pesticides and/or herbicides, and also to selective herbicidal compositions comprising, firstly, the 2-alkoxy-6-alkylphenyl-substituted spirocyclic tetramic acid derivatives of the formula (I) and, secondly, at least one crop plant tolerance promoter compound.

Abstract: The present invention relates to new prostaglandin derivatives having improved pharmacological activity and enhanced tolerability. They can be employed for the treatment of glaucoma and ocular hypertension.

Abstract: The invention provides compounds, pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds and methods of using such compounds to treat or prevent diseases or disorders associated with the activity of the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR) families, particularly the activity of PPAR?.

Abstract: The invention provides a green process for direct oxidation of a large number of substituted or unsubstituted cinnamaldehydes or cinnamyl alcohols into the corresponding alkyl or aryl cinnamates in one step. The process of the present invention is a convenient and efficient green process for the preparation of various aryl or alkyl cinnamates under conventional, microwave and ultrasound directly from cinnamaldehydes or cinnamyl alcohols in the presence of an oxidizing agent, catalyst and an alcohol, with or without an organic solvent. These esters are immensely important compounds in flavor, perfumery and pharmaceutical industries. There are several prior arts available for the preparation of cinnamic esters, but all of them suffer from deficiencies such as use of expensive reagents and catalysts, harsh reaction conditions, use of toxic chemicals and others.

Abstract: Compounds isolated from the fruiting body of A. camphorata in a solid culture or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, which exhibit immunostimulatory or anti-inflammatory effects. Also disclosed are methods of stimulating immune responses and/or treating an inflammatory disorder with these compounds or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.