Abstract: The present invention includes methods for preparing resveratrol, resveratrol esters and substituted and unsubstituted stilbenes of the formula given below; where each Y is —O or halogen, each Z is —O or halogen, each n and each m is independently the value of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, each A and each B is independently selected from Pn, R or absent, each V and each W is independently selected from Pn, straight or branched alkyl of from 2 to 6 carbon atoms and cycloalkyl of from 3 to 8 carbon atoms, alkoxy, phenyl, benzyl or halogen, R is independently selected from the group comprising alkyl with at least one carbon atom, aryl and aralkyl, Pn is an alcohol protecting group and diastereoisomers of the foregoing. The compounds are made from a multi-step process including a N-heterocyclic carbene-type ligand coupling in the presence of a base with benzyol halide and styrene coupling partners. These compounds show increased stability for use in the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries.

Abstract: The present invention relates to synthetic green tea derived polyphenolic compounds, their modes of syntheses, and their use in inhibiting proteasomal activity and in treating cancers. The present invention is also directed to pharmaceutical compositions useful in methods of inhibiting proteasomes and of treating cancers.

Abstract: Active compounds of Formula I are described: wherein: R1 and R2 are each independently C1-C4 alkyl; or R1 and R2 together form a C2-C7 alkylene chain; and Z is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID); along with pharmaceutically acceptable salts and prodrug thereof, and methods of using the same.

Abstract: Novel compounds, their methods of preparation and use in therapies related to cancer and inflammation are provided. Compounds comprise esters of cinnamic acid, vanillic acid and 4-hydroxy cinnamic acid and derivatives and salts thereof. Compounds with novel benzofuran lignan structure as a potent antimitotic agent and inducer of apoptosis are provided. Formulations and methods for treatment of diseases mediated by NF-kappaB are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to polymers modified to increase their resorbability. In particular, the polymers of the invention have phenyl ester side chains which are good leaving groups and which thereby increase the resorption rate of the polymer relative to the same polymer, for example, bearing a comparable amount of an alkyl ester side chain. Such polymers are generally water insoluble, but when modified are able to solublize drugs and upon degradation and resorption, release those in a physiological environment in a controlled and/or sustained manner.

Abstract: Novel 3-phenylpropanoic acid compounds have the general formula (I) below: and are formulated into pharmaceutical compositions for administration in human or veterinary medicine (in dermatology, and also in the field of cardiovascular diseases, immune diseases and/or lipid metabolism-related diseases), or, alternatively, into cosmetic compositions.

Abstract: The invention relates to plasminogen activator-1 (PAI-1) inhibitor compounds and uses thereof in the treatment of any disease or condition associated with elevated PAI-1. The invention includes, but is not limited to, the use of such compounds to modulate lipid metabolism and treat conditions associated with elevated PAI-1, cholesterol, or lipid levels.

Abstract: The present invention provides plants and plant tissues of spearmint (Mentha spicata) with enhanced rosmarinic acid levels, and extracts derived there from. Methods and compositions for production and use of rosmarinic acid from spearmint as a nutraceutical are also provided. In particular, an edible beverage derived from plant tissues of spearmint that comprise more than 77.5 mg/g rosmarinic acid on a dry weight basis, is provided, as well as methods for making such a beverage and for using it to treat an inflammatory or infectious disease.

Abstract: The present invention demonstrates through many experiments that Rosmarinic acid (RA) can inhibit the expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and therefore is useful for the prevention or treatment of hepatofibrosis and nephrofibrosis. Based on this, the present invention provides novel uses of RA and pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same in the manufacture of medicaments useful for the prevention or treatment of chronic hepatitis, CRF, and diabetic nephropathy.

Abstract: The present invention relates to substances which can be used as cosmetic ingredients, especially for skin whitening and as cosmetic agents against signs of ageing skin. The present invention also relates to the use of such substances for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of disorders related to the pigmentation of the skin. The invention furthermore relates to specific substances.

Abstract: A novel manufacturing process is described for producing hindered phenolic alkyl esters, which may be useful as antioxidants. This process simplifies catalyst neutralization and removal during the preparation of hindered phenolic esters. Compositions that comprise the hindered phenolic esters produced according to these methods are also described.

Abstract: Disclosed is a compound having high optical anisotropy and high compatibility with a polymer resin, which is represented by Formula 1 and has at least one substituent introduced to a biphenyl mesogenic core. Also, a resin composition including the compound and a polymer resin, and an optical member including the resin composition are disclosed. In the case of an optical member obtained by using a polymer resin composition including the compound represented by Formula 1, there is no phase separation, and it is possible to achieve a required optical characteristic with only a small amount thereof.

Abstract: Nitroderivatives of prostaglandin amides having improved pharmacological activity and enhanced tolerability are described. They can be employed for the treatment of glaucoma and ocular hypertension.

Abstract: A lapping composition is presented, wherein that lapping composition is formed by mixing a solvent, a base, and a phenolic compound having structure I: wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of —O?Mx+ wherein x is selected from the group consisting of 1, 2, and 3, —O—R3 wherein R3 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, allyl, and phenyl, —N(R3R4) wherein R4 is selected from the group consisting of —H, alkyl, allyl, and phenyl, and —S—R3; and wherein R2 is selected from the group consisting of —O?Mx+ wherein x is selected from the group consisting of 1, 2, and 3, —O—R3 wherein R3 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, allyl, and phenyl, —N(R3R4) wherein R4 is selected from the group consisting of —H, alkyl, allyl, and phenyl, and —S—R3.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds and compositions of formula I, which are unsymmetrical aromatic ether diacids, and polymers formed from the same. [R?—(Y)p—O]q—Ar—[O—(X)r—R?]s??I The compounds are expected to be useful in a variety of medical and/or cosmetics applications. Polymers formed from the functionalized unsymmetrical aromatic ether diacids are expected to have controllable degradation profiles, enabling them to release an active component over a desired time range.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a novel process for the preparation of (4-chloro-phenyl)-(3-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-acetic acid 2-acetylamino-ethyl ester, useful in the treatment of metabolic disorders and further to a process for the preparation of (4-chloro-phenyl)-(3-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-acetic acid, a synthesis intermediate.

Abstract: The present invention provides pharmaceutical compositions containing hydroxystilbenes or their derivatives or analogues. The pharmaceutical compositions are useful for protein kinase inhibition, and for treatment of psoriasis, eczema and inflammation.

Abstract: A liquid crystal molecule includes a structure represented by Formula (1): wherein X1 in Formula (1) is represented by Formula (2); X2 in Formula (1) is a group selected from Formula (3); X3 in Formula (1) is represented by Formula (4).

Abstract: This invention relates to novel endothelin receptor antagonists, derivatives, acceptable acid addition salts thereof. The invention also provides compositions comprising a compound of this invention and the use of such compositions in methods of treating diseases and conditions that are beneficially treated by compounds that block the endothelin signaling pathway that leads to vasoconstriction and in particular those diseases or conditions beneficially treated by endothelin receptor antagonists.

Abstract: A light absorbent for forming an organic anti-reflective layer, represented by the following formula 1 or formula 2, is provided: wherein A represents a substituted or unsubstituted, linear or branched, saturated tetravalent hydrocarbon group, a substituted or unsubstituted, linear or branched, saturated hydrocarbon group and containing one or more heteroatoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic group, a substituted or unsubstituted alicyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroalicyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted diaryl ether, a substituted or unsubstituted diaryl sulfide, a substituted or unsubstituted diaryl sulfoxide, a substituted or unsubstituted diaryl ketone, or a substituted or unsubstituted diaryl bisphenol A; R1, R2, and R3 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted acetal group, o

Abstract: A process for the preparation of carboprost methyl ester (FIG. (10)).

Abstract: A transesterification process for the preparation of tetrakis[3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy phenyl)propionyl oxymethyl]methane by the reaction of methyl-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy phenyl)propionate ester with pentaerythritol wherein the reaction takes place in the presence of an ester exchange catalyst combination consisting of (a) at least one basic or neutral catalyst and (b) at least one metal compound capable of behaving as a Lewis acid being different from the basic or neutral catalyst and wherein the reaction is conducted through a first stage in which only the at least one basic or neutral catalyst is present in the reaction mixture followed by a second stage which commences with the addition of Lewis acid catalyst to the reaction mixture when the amount of di-substituted intermediate product contained within the reaction mixture has been reduced to less than 20 area % analysed by HPLC.

Abstract: Compounds including at least one mesogenic substructure and at least one long flexible segment and methods of synthesizing the same are disclosed. Formulations which include various embodiments of the mesogen containing compounds and their use in articles of manufacture and ophthalmic devices are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel methods for selective localization of active agents both at and in mitochondria within living cells, as well as corresponding active agents that penetrate through the cell membrane into the cells without further adjuvants and there can be localized both at and in mitochondria. These active agents are substituted with at least one monohydroxy mononitrophenyl rest or monohydroxy dinitrophenyl rest.

Abstract: The present invention discloses compounds, compositions, and methods of using such compounds and compositions to inhibit, reduce, prevent, and remove biofilms. The invention further relates to methods of inhibiting biofilms on various substrates, such as medical devices.

Abstract: A method for preparing a prostaglandin derivative represented by the following general formula (I): (wherein Ph represents phenyl group, R1 represents a C1-7 alkyl group, a C1-7 alkenyl group, phenyl group, or benzyl group), which comprises the successive steps (1) to (8) described in the specification, or any one step or two or more successive steps selected from the group consisting of the steps (1) to (8). A method for efficiently, inexpensively and safely preparing prostaglandin derivatives, of which typical example is latanoprost, is provided.

Abstract: The photostabilizing electronic excited state energy—particularly singlet state energy from retinoid compounds—has been found to be readily transferred to (accepted by) ?-cyanodiphenylacrylate compounds having an alkoxy radical in the four (para) position (hereinafter “alkoxycrylenes”) on one of the phenyl rings having the formula (I): wherein one of R1 and R2 is a straight or branched chain C1-C30 alkoxy radical, preferably C1-C8, more preferably methoxy, and the non-alkoxy radical R1 or R2 is hydrogen; and R3 is a straight or branched chain C1-C30 alkyl radical, preferably C2-C20. The alkoxycrylene compounds of formula (I) significantly increase the photostability of retinoid compounds in a composition by at least 3-fold and as much as 10-fold or greater. The ability of the alkoxycrylene compounds to stabilize the retinoid compound is concentration dependent, with the amount of retinoid photostabilization increasing with the concentration of the alkoxycrylene compound.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel AKBA analogs of the formula I given below: Where in R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 in each of the said analogs are: 1. R1?OCHO, R2?H, R3?COOH, R4 & R5?O 2. R1?OCOCH2Cl, R2?H, R3?COOH, R4 & R5?O 3. R1=5?-O-methylgalloyloxy, R2?H, R3?COOH, R4 & R5?O 4. R1?OCOCH2CH2COOH, R2?H, R3?COOH, R4 & R5?O 5. R1=8?,9?-Dihydro-4?-hydroxycinnamoyloxy, R2?H, R3?COOH, R4 & R5?O 6. R1=4?-Hydroxycinnamoyloxy, R2?H, R3?COOH, R4 & R5?O 7. R1=3?,4?-Dimethoxycinnamoyloxy, R2?H, R3?COOH, R4 & R5?O 8. R1=3?,4?-Dihydroxy-5?-methoxycinnamoyloxy, R2?H, R3?COOH, R4 & R5?O 9. R1?OCOCH2NH(tert-BOC), R2?H, R3?COOCH3, R4 & R5?O 10. R1?OCOCH2NH2HCl, R2?H, R3?COOH, R4 & R5?O 11. R1?OCOCH(CH3)NH2HCl, R2?H, R3?COOH, R4 & R5?O 12. R1?H, R2?OH, R3?COOCH3, R4 & R5?O 13. R1?H, R2?Br, R3?COOCH3, R4 & R5?O 14. R1?CN, R2?H, R3?COOCH3, R4 & R5?O 15. R1?SH, R2?H, R3?COOCH3, R4 & R5?O 16. R1 & R2?N(OH), R3?COOCH3, R4 & R5?O 17.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula (I): in which R, R1, R2 and R3 are as defined in the description, the use thereof for the treatment of dyslipidaemia, atherosclerosis and diabetes, pharmaceutical compositions comprising them, and processes for the preparation of these compounds.

Abstract: A liquid crystal compound represented by the formula CH2?CR1—COO-(L)k-E1-E2-E3-E4-R2 wherein R1: a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; R2: a C1-8 alkyl group; k: 0 or 1; L: —(CH2)pO— or —(CH2)q— (wherein each of p and q which are independent of each other, is an integer of from 2 to 8); E1: a 1,4-phenylene group; E2, E3, E4: each independently a 1,4-phenylene group or a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group and at least one of E2 and E3 is a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group, provided that the 1,4-phenylene group and trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group in E1 to E4, may be such that a hydrogen atom bonded to a carbon atom in each group may be substituted by a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom or a methyl group. To provide a novel liquid crystal compound for preparing an optical element which can exhibit a proper Rd value depending upon usable wavelength and application and which is excellent in durability against a blue laser beam.

Abstract: An internal standard material to be added to a specimen containing a material to be measured when measuring the content of the material to be measured by performing mass spectrometry on the specimen includes a hindered phenol compound.

Abstract: Compounds comprising or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a prodrug thereof, are disclosed, wherein G, B, Y, and A are as described. Methods, compositions, and medicaments related thereto are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved process for the preparation of substituted 2-(4-carbonylmethoxy-optionally 2,5-disubstituted-phenyl-acetaldehydes, in particular 2-(4-alkoxycarbonylmethoxy-optionally 2,5-disubstituted-phenyl)-acetaldehydes and their use in the synthesis of optionally substituted 2-[4-[2-[[-2-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methylethyl]-amino]ethyl]-optionally 2,5-disubstituted-phenoxy]acetic acid derivatives or the salts thereof, which may be used as pharmaceutically active substances.

Abstract: Cosmetic and therapeutic, in particular dermatological bioprecursors have the formula [A]n—PP—[B]m wherein PP is a polyphenol radical in which each hydroxyl function is protected by a group A or a group B, A is a saturated or unsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl radical having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which is bonded to the polyphenol, n is an integer not less than 1, and B is a precursor of a biologically active molecule, which is also bonded to the polyphenol, and m is an integer also not less than 1.

Abstract: The invention relates to a hydroxy-aromatic resin prepared by bringing together and letting react a hydroxy-aromatic compound of formula (I) and an alkanol hemiacetal compound of formula (II). Formula (I) is: wherein R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 may be the same or may be different and are H, OH, a C1-C20 alkyl group, or an oligomeric or polymeric system, whereby at least one of the set consisting of R1, R3 and R5 is H. Formula (II) is: wherein R8 is a C1-C12 alkyl group, aryl group, aralkyl group or cycloalkyl group and wherein R12 is H, a C1-C12 alkyl groups aryl group, aralkyl group or cycloalkyl group. The invention further relates to use of the resin in adhesives, laminates, and coatings.

Abstract: 2-amino-2-phenyl-alkanol ester derivatives of general formula (I) in which: R1 is H, straight or branched 1 to 4C alkyl, straight or branched 2 to 4C alkyl substituted by OH, alkoxy, alkylthio, acyloxy, NH2, alkylamino, dialkylamino, alkylcarbamoyloxy, alkoxycarbonylamino, ureido or alkylureido, R2 is a —CO—R radical in which R is H, alkyl, aryl, heterocyclyl, benzyl or heterocyclylmethyl, or R2 is a —CO—Y—R4 radical for which Y is —O—, —S—, —NH—, -Nalk- for which alk is straight or branched (1 to 4C) alkyl, and R4 is alkyl, aryl, aralkyl or heterocyclylalkyl, capable of being substituted by one or more halogen atoms or OH radicals, straight or branched (1 to 4C) alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, acylaminoalkylthio, alkoxycarbonyl or acylamino (1 to 4C) straight or branched, or oxo, or capable of being substituted by R5COO— in which R5 is alkyl optionally substituted by benzyloxycarbonylamino, acylamino or by an amino acid residue, or represents an heterocyclyl radical, or R2 is alkyl (2 to 4C) substituted by OH, alk

Abstract: A pyridazine compound represented by formula (1): has an excellent plant disease controlling effect.

Abstract: A method for isolating atraric acid from biological material, atraric acid derivatives, the chemical synthesis thereof, and the use of atraric acid and the derivatives thereof for treating or producing a medicament for treating benign prostate hyperplasia, prostate carcinoma or spinobulbar muscular atrophy is provided. In addition, a basic substance for the development of other agents used for treating benign prostate hyperplasia, prostate carcinoma, or spinobulbar muscular atrophy is provided.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to novel macrocyclic compounds of formula (I) and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates or solvates: wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, n1, m, p Z1, Z2, and Z3 are as describe in the specification. The invention also relates to compounds of formula (I) which are antagonists of the motilin receptor and are useful in the treatment of disorders associated with this receptor and with or with motility dysfunction.

Abstract: A polymerizable liquid crystal compound of formula (1). The compound has high optical (refractive index) anisotropy (?n), exhibits a liquid crystal phase at room temperature (having a broad liquid crystal phase temperature range) without crystallization, has high solubility in cyclohexanone, methyl ethyl ketone or like organic solvents, exhibits excellent coating properties and orientation properties, and, after polymerization, has high transparency. wherein R1 and R2 each represent hydrogen, a methyl group or halogen; rings A to C each represent a benzene ring, a naphthalene ring, etc.; at least one of rings A to C is a fused ring; X, Y, and Z each represent a C1 to C6 alkyl group, etc.; L1L2, and L3 each represent —COO—, —OCO—, —O(CH2)j— (j=1 to 8), etc.; n is 0 or 1, and a to c are numbers such that the polymerizable liquid crystal compound may have at least one of X, Y, and Z.

Abstract: The present invention provides a production intermediate for compound (A-1) and a method for producing the intermediate at high yield and high optical yield.

Abstract: The present invention relates to, in part, novel sulfate and bisphenol compounds useful for the recognition, attachment and growth of unwanted biologics on natural and manmade surfaces. Another aspect of the invention relates to combinatorial libraries for producing the same. Another aspect of the invention relates to pharmaceutical formulations comprising the same.

Abstract: The present invention provides a positive resist composition and a resist pattern forming method that are capable of forming a resist pattern with a reduced level of roughness. The positive resist composition includes the compound represented by the general formula (I) below. The present invention also provides the resist pattern forming method using the positive resist composition above. [wherein, in formula (I), R11 and R12 each represents, independently, an alkyl group of 1 to 10 carbon atoms or an aromatic hydrocarbon group, and may include a hetero atom in the structure thereof; R21 to R24 each represents, independently, a hydrogen atom or an acid dissociable, dissolution inhibiting group, and two of the R21 to R24 represents a hydrogen atom and the others represents an acid dissociable, dissolution inhibiting group; X is a group represented by general formulas (Ia) or (Ib) below].

Abstract: The present invention discloses a new process for the preparation of 1,4-benzoquiones of formula (II) wherein R1, R2, R3 and R4 are independently selected from the group consisting of branched or unbranched C1-C6 alkyl, phenyl and benzyl, wherein phenyl and benzyl is optionally substituted by one or more substituent independently selected from the group consisting of C1-C6 alkyl and halogen, and wherein C1-C6 alkyl is optionally substituted with one or more halogen susbstituents, and wherein R2 and R3 together can form a C1-C6-alkylene radical, optionally substituted by one or more susbstituents independently selected from the group comprising C1-C6, benzyl, phenyl and halogen. One preferred compound is 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-[1,4]benzoquinone, also known as coenzyme Q0 (CoQ0). Also disclosed are novel compounds and intermediates, and a method for the preparation of coenzyme Qn, preferable the coenzyme Q10.

Abstract: Polymers having a main chain having both aromatic units and aliphatic units (with repeating heteroatoms) and a side chain macromonomer are described. Methods of making these polymers using enzymatic synthesis and the applications of these polymers are also described.

Abstract: The invention provides methods of synthesizing the purified enantiomers of oleocanthal. The invention further provides methods of using oleocanthals in various formulations including, food additives; pharmaceuticals; cosmetics; animal repellants; and discovery tools for mammalian irritation receptor genes, gene products, alleles, splice variants, alternate transcripts and the like.

Abstract: A photoinitiator compound is functionalized with alkoxy groups so as to be soluble in alkoxy-containing monomers. The photoinitiator has a formula of R1—(OR2)n—OC(?O)—R3, wherein R1—(OR2)n— represents an alkoxy group and R3 represents a photoinitiator structure. The photoinitiator may be used in a composition for incorporation into links.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel indane acetic acid derivatives which are useful in the treatment of diseases such as diabetes, obesity, hyperlipidemia, and atherosclerotic diseases. The invention also relates to intermediates useful in preparation of indane acetic derivatives and to methods of preparation.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of the formula (I) in which A1, A2, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 and Y are as defined in the description, to processes and intermediates for their preparation and to their use for controlling pests.

Abstract: A promoter for a polycondensation reaction used together with a catalyst in a polycondensation reaction, the promoter for a polycondensation reaction comprising a pyrogallol compound having a benzene ring of which three hydrogen atoms adjacent to each other are substituted by hydroxyl groups; and a polycondensation resin obtained by polycondensing raw material monomers using the promoter as defined above and the catalyst. A polycondensation resin can be produced using the promoter of the present invention together with a catalyst in a polycondensation reaction, and the polycondensation resin can be used in various applications including, for example, films, sheets, fibers, toner materials for electrophotography, and the like.