Abstract: A polymerizable monomer adopted to a display panel is represented as following chemical formula: wherein, m?0; “Z” is selected from oxygen, sulfur, carbonyl, caroboxyl, methyoxy, methylthio, thio, ethenylcarbonyl, carbonylethenyl, difluoromethoxy, difluoro methylthio, ethyl, difluoroethane, 1,2 difluoroethane, vinylene, difluoroethenylene, ethynyl, or single bond. “X1” and “X2” are independently selected from oxygen, sulfur, methyoxy, carbonyl, caroboxyl, -carbamoyl, methylthio, ethenylcarbonyl, carbonylethenyl, or single bond. “Sp1” and “Sp2” are independently a spacer or single bond. “P1” and “P2” are independently a polymerizable group.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of Formula (I): The invention further relates to liquid crystal compositions comprising compounds of Formula (I); compositions further comprising one or more chiral compounds; and polymer networks derived from the polymerization of the liquid crystal compositions. Another embodiment relates to processes for providing compounds of Formula (I).

Abstract: The present invention refers to new NO-donors aspirin derivatives, a process for their preparation and pharmaceutical compositions containing them.

Abstract: The present invention relates to derivatives of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) having improved anti-inflammatory properties useful in the treatment of inflammation, pain and fever. More particularly, NSAIDs are derivatized with a hydrogen sulfide (H2S) releasing moiety to produce novel anti-inflammatory compounds having reduced side effects.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides processes for the production of substituted phenylene aromatic diesters and the resultant compositions. The processes include reacting an aromatic diol with an aromatic carboxylic acid or a derivative thereof. The aromatic diol and/or the aromatic carboxylic acid (or derivative thereof) is/are substituted. The reaction forms a substituted phenylene aromatic diester with the structure (II): wherein R1-R14 are the same or different. At least one of R1-R14 is selected from a substituted hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an unsubstituted hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a heteroatom, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to the production of 5-tert-butyl-3-methyl-1,2-phenylene dibenzoate and the purification thereof. Synthesis pathways for a precursor to 5-tert-butyl-3-methyl-1,2-phenylene dibenzoate are provided. The precursor is 5-tert-butyl-3-methylcatechol.

Abstract: This invention relates to the field of novel explosives, compositions and munitions comprising the same, as well as methods of synthesis and their use. The invention particularly relates to the field of explosives which are switchable between two different liquid crystalline states, and which possesses a general formula below. wherein M is a mesogenic core, R1 and R2 are independently selected terminal end groups attached to the mesogenic core, and wherein the mesogenic core contains sufficient (NO2)x to provide an explosive output. The explosive compound may form part of an explosive composition, which may be used as a high explosive fill for any part of a munition. The explosive composition may contain other components such as non-explosive LC compounds, or binders, or further known explosive compounds.

Abstract: A light absorbent for forming an organic anti-reflective layer, represented by the following formula 1 or formula 2, is provided: wherein A represents a substituted or unsubstituted, linear or branched, saturated tetravalent hydrocarbon group, a substituted or unsubstituted, linear or branched, saturated hydrocarbon group and containing one or more heteroatoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic group, a substituted or unsubstituted alicyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroalicyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted diaryl ether, a substituted or unsubstituted diaryl sulfide, a substituted or unsubstituted diaryl sulfoxide, a substituted or unsubstituted diaryl ketone, or a substituted or unsubstituted diaryl bisphenol A; R1, R2, and R3 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted acetal group, o

Abstract: A diamine compound of formula (I) is proposed as well as polymers, copolymers, polyamic acids, polyamic acid esters, or polyimides based on such compound.

Abstract: A polymerizable compound represented by general formula (1) of the invention has good solvent solubility and excellent alignment control properties and optical characteristics. In formula (1), M1 and M2 are each hydrogen or methyl; X1 and are each a single bond, or an optionally branched C1-10 alkylene, alkyleneoxy or alkyleneoxycarbonyloxy; X3 is optionally branched C1-10 alkylene; Y1 and Y2 are each an ester linkage, etc.; and rings A, B, C, and D are each a cyclic structure, such as 2,6-naphthlene.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I) are active as dopaminergic compounds or as compounds which or as compounds which diminish the symptoms of dopamine deficiency: wherein: R1 and R2 are independently selected from —C(?O)R5 or —C(?O)OR5; or one of R1 and R2 is hydrogen and the other is —C(?O)R5 or —C(?O)OR5; R3 and R4 are independently selected from hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, or C2-C6 alkynyl, —CH2Q, —C(?O)R5, —C(?O)OR5, —C(?O)NR5R6, or R5 is hydrogen or optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl or —CH2Q; R6 is hydrogen or optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl Or —CH2Q; and Q is an optionally substituted monocyclic carbocyclic or heterocyclyl ring of 3 to 6 ring atoms.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to compounds that are allosteric inhibitors of tumor necrosis factor receptor I, compositions comprising such compounds, and methods of using such compounds and compositions thereof in the treatment of TNF-? mediated conditions.

Abstract: The compound of the invention is represented by Formula (1a) or Formula (1b) wherein R1 is a monovalent group; P1 and P2 are a monovalent group having an acrylic group and a hydroxyl group; A1, A2, and B1 are a divalent cyclic group; X1, X2, X3, X4, Y1 and Y2 are a bonding group.

Abstract: Compounds containing both photoinitiator moieties and adhesion promoting moieties and coating formulations containing them are disclosed, in particular, durable UV cured primer layers for coil coatings. One embodiment includes a coated metal surface which comprises a metal substrate with at least one surface immediately adjacent to a coating layer comprising a photoinitiator chemically bound to an adhesion promoter is disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel compounds and formulations thereof which compounds are ligands, e.g., agonists or antagonists, for a metabotropic glutamate receptor or a NAALADase enzyme or both. The present invention also relates to methods of modulating the activity of a metabotropic glutamate receptor or a NAALADase enzyme or both, e.g., in a subject in need thereof, using a compound or formulation of the present invention. The present invention also relates to methods of treating a subject suffering from a chronic or acute disease, malady or condition due at least in part to an abnormality in the activity of an endogenous metabotropic glutamate receptor or a NAALADase enzyme or both, using a compound or formulation of the present invention.

Abstract: A polymerizable monomer represented by the following Formula (I): Formula (I) wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom or a substituted group; Y1 represents an oxygen atom or —NR3—, wherein R3 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group; Ar1 and Ar2 each independently represents an aromatic ring having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and each of Ar1 and Ar2 may have a substituted group; and n represents an integer of from 1 to 3.

Abstract: Novel anti-reflective coatings comprising small molecules (e.g., less than about 5,000 g/mole) in lieu of high molecular weight polymers and methods of using those coatings are provided. In one embodiment, aromatic carboxylic acids are used as the chromophores, and the resulting compounds are blended with a crosslinking agent and an acid. Anti-reflective coating films prepared according to the invention exhibit improved properties compared to high molecular weight polymeric anti-reflective coating films. The small molecule anti-reflective coatings have high etch rates and good via fill properties. Photolithographic processes carried out with the inventive material result in freestanding, 110-nm profiles.

Abstract: An optically anisotropic element comprises a discotic compound. The discotic compound has an oriented discotic plane. The discotic compound has a molecular structure represented by the formula (I) of D(—O—CO—CR1?CR2—X—R3)n. In the formula (I), D is a discotic core, n is an integer of 3 to 20, each of R1 and R2 is hydrogen, a halogen atom or an alkyl group, X is —O—, —S— or —NR—, and R3 is an alkyl group or an aryl group. A polymerizable discotic compound having an oriented discotic plane can be polymerized to form an optically anisotropic element. Alignment of the oriented discotic plane is fixed by polymerization. A new discotic compound is also disclosed.

Abstract: To provide a liquid crystalline compound capable of exhibiting a biaxial liquid crystal phase, provide a trifunctional or greater functional polymerizable liquid crystalline compound having polymerizable groups, and also to provide a liquid crystalline composition and a retardation film which are using the liquid crystalline compound, a compound and a liquid crystalline compound each are represented by formula (I) defined in the specification; a liquid crystalline composition contains the compound; and a retardation film has an optically anisotropic layer formed from the compound.

Abstract: A retardation plate having a high film strength and having an optical property is provided by using a biaxial liquid crystal compound, in which the direction having a minimum refractive index of the optically anisotropic thin layer almost coincides with the normal direction in the film plane of the retardation plate, and the retardation plate comprises a transparent support and at least one optically anisotropic layer containing a liquid crystal compound capable of expressing a biaxial liquid crystal phase, wherein the liquid crystal compound is a polymerizable compound and/or a polymer compound.

Abstract: Liquid crystal monomers and secondary monomers useful to blend with liquid crystal monomers to maintain a nematic state under processing conditions while maintaining low cure shrinkage, particularly suitable for use in dental resin composites.

Abstract: The invention relates to chiral photoisomerizable compounds of formula (I) wherein X1, X2, X3, X4, X5 and X6 have the meanings given in claim 1, to liquid crystalline mixtures and polymers containing them, and to the use of chiral photoisomerizable compounds, liquid crystalline mixtures and polymers containing them in optical and electrooptical devices like liquid crystal displays or projection systems, in optical elements like polarizers, retardation films, compensators, color filters or holographic elements, in liquid crystal pigments and colored films or coatings for decorative or security applications, cosmetic and pharmaceutical compositions, in nonlinear optics and optical information storage.

Abstract: The invention provides LC compositions that exhibit V-shaped switching when aligned in an analog device configuration and exhibit bistability when aligned in a bookshelf-type device configuration. The invention more specifically provides LC compositions of formula 1 and particularly chiral nonracemic compounds of formula 1 which exhibit bistable switching as well as V-shaped switching when aligned in appropriate device configurations. The invention also provides methods of using the compounds of the invention in making LC compositions and electooptical devices comprising an aligned layer of the compositions of this invention.

Abstract: The present invention provides a polymerizable liquid crystal compound having an excellent durability against blue laser light and having a small refractive index and small light absorption, a liquid crystal composition containing the compound, and an optical anisotropic material using the liquid crystal composition. The polymerizable liquid crystal compound represented by the following formula (1), provided that R1 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, Cy is a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group, X1 is a 1,4-phenylene group or a trans-1,4-cyclohexlyene group, and R2 is a C1-8 alkyl group. The above 1,4-phenylene group and the trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group may be such that a hydrogen atom bonded to a carbon atom in each group may be substituted by a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom or a methyl group.

Abstract: A compound is of formula (I), in which: A1 to A4, E1 and E2 each independently represent hydrogen or an optionally-substituted hydrocarbon group; B1 and B2 each independently represent a single bond, an oxygen atom or an optionally-substituted hydrocarbon group; MG1 and MG2 each independently represent an optionally-substituted ring system; CG is a divalent or polyvalent chiral group. The optically active compound may be used as a doping agent for liquid crystals for a wide range of applications including solid state cholesteric filters for projection displays, circular polarisers, optical filters, etc.

Abstract: This invention provides a polymerizable liquid crystal compound having a large value of &Dgr;n/n, excellent in coating properties on an alignment film and easily aligned. Disclosed is a polymerizable liquid crystal compound having at least one polymerizable reactive group and showing nematic liquid crystal properties, having a &Dgr;n/n value of 0.14 or more wherein n is average refractive index and &Dgr;n is extraordinary light refractive index (ne) minus ordinary light refractive index (no), and being aligned by application onto an alignment film.

Abstract: An optically active compound of the following general formula (1), wherein A is —C≡C— or —COO—, each of R1 and R2 is independently CnH2n+1—, (C2H5)2CHCH2C*H(CH3)OOC—, CmH2m+1C*H(CH3)OOC— or C6H5C*H(CH3)OOC— in which n is an integer of 2 to 5, m is an integer of 5 to 9, C6H5— is phenyl group, and C* is an asymmetric carbon, provided that there is no case where R1 and R2 are together CnH2n+1— or C6H5C*H(CH3)OOC— and that when both R1 and R2 are CmH2m+1C*H(CH3)OOC—, m in CmH2m+1C*H(CH3)OOC— represented by R1 and m in CmH2m+1C*H(CH3)OOC— represented by R2 may be different integers. The optically active compound of the present invention is excellently valuable as a chiral dopant since it has properties that its helical twisting power (HTP) is at least 9, that a helical pitch induced decreases with an increase in temperature and further that its birefringence (&Dgr;n) is large.

Abstract: Compounds of formula I: wherein the variables are defined as explained in the disclosure. The invention also provides liquid crystalline mixtures and optical or electro-optical devices including compounds of formula (I).

Abstract: In one embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of the formula (I) wherein G1 and G2 independently represent a polymerisable mesogenic residue, X and Sp are as defined herein and M represents an achiral group of formula (II) as defined herein. The compounds of the invention may, for example, be useful as curable liquid crystals and for preparing liquid crystal films.

Abstract: An optically active compound of the following general formula (1) useful as a chiral dopant, and use thereof, wherein each of X and Y is independently a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom, R is (C2H5)2CHCH2C*H(CH3)— or Ph—C*H(CH3)—, A is —Ph(W)—COO—Ph—, —Ph—Ph—COO—, —Cy—COO—Ph—, —Ph(W)—OOC—Ph—COO—, —Ph(W)—OOC—Cy—COO—, —Ph(W)—OOC—Np—COO— or —Np—OOC—, in which Ph— is a phenyl group, —Ph— is a 1,4-phenylene group, —Ph(W)— is —Ph— or monofluoro substituted —Ph—, Cy— is a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group and —Np— is a 2,6-naphthylene group, and C* is an asymmetric carbon.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the invention relates to compounds of the formula (I) wherein G1 and G2 independently represent a polymerizable mesogenic residue, and X, Sp, and Q are as defined herein. The compounds of the invention may, for example, be useful as curable liquid crystals and for preparing liquid crystal films.

Abstract: Optically active compounds of the following general formula (1) useful as chiral dopant, wherein n is an integer of 0 to 5, provided that when n is 0, A is a single bond (—) and that when n is 1 to 5, A is a single bond (—), —O—, —COO—, —Cy— or —Cy—COO— in which —Cy— is a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group, each of X and Y is independently a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom, B is a single bond (—), —COO—, —COO—Ph— or —Ph—COO— in which —Ph— is a 1,4-phenylene group, and C* is an asymmetric carbon. The chiral dopant of the present invention have a high helical twisting power of at least 9 and suitably have a feature that the helical pitch induced by them decreases in length with an increase in temperature so that they are advantageous for use in a nematic liquid crystal composition.

Abstract: An optically active compound of the general formula (1) useful as a chiral dopant and use thereof, 1

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel bisbenzophenones and the use thereof as an ultraviolet light absorber. The presently claimed compounds are particularly useful, either alone or in combination with other additives, including other ultraviolet light absorbers, antioxidants and stabilizers, in stabilizing polymers and other materials from degradation by environmental forces such as actinic radiation (ultraviolet light), oxidation, moisture, atmospheric pollutants and combinations thereof.

Abstract: A composition containing a diester of a naphthalene dicarboxylic acid having compound formula (I) for photochemically stabilizing dibenzoylmethane derivatives, absorbing UV radiation, imparting gloss and for stabilizing natural hair color and hair dyes against fading, and which can be used to increase the emolliency and sunscreen protection factor (SPF) of cosmetic formulations and for filtering out ultraviolet radiation from human skin: wherein R1 is has the formula (II) wherein k is 1 to 13, preferably 1 to 6, most preferably 1, and R2, same or different, is selected from the group consisting of a compound of formula (II) wherein k is 1 to 13, preferably 1 to 6, most preferably 1, and an alkyl group, straight chain or branched, having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, and mixtures thereof. These diesters of formula (I) are quite effective in stabilizing the dibenzoylmethane derivative UV-A filter compounds making them more effective, and effective for longer periods of time.

Abstract: The invention provides LC compositions that exhibit V-shaped switching when aligned in an analog device configuration and exhibit bistability when aligned in a bookshelf-type device configuration. The invention more specifically provides LC compositions of formula 1 and particularly chiral nonracemic compounds of formula 1 which exhibit bistable switching as well as V-shaped switching when aligned in appropriate device configurations. The invention also provides methods of using the compounds of the invention in making LC compositions and electooptical devices comprising an aligned layer of the compositions of this invention.

Abstract: A composition containing a diester of a naphthalene dicarboxylic acid having compound formula (I) for photochemically stabilizing dibenzoylmethane derivatives, absorbing UV radiation, imparting gloss and for stabilizing natural hair color and hair dyes against fading, and which can be used to increase the emolliency and sunscreen protection factor (SPF) of cosmetic formulations and for filtering out ultraviolet radiation from human skin: 1

Abstract: Methods and compositions for the treatment of lung disease, such as emphysema and/or bronchopulmonary dysplasia, in a mammal. Also disclosed are methods promoting the formation of alveolar septa and increasing the gas-exchange surface area of a mammalian lung, and for the prevention and/or treatment of alveolar destruction.

Abstract: An electoclinic device having two spaced cell walls each bearing electrode structures and treated on at least one facing surface with an alignment layer, a layer of a smectic liquid crystal material enclosed between the cell walls, where the liquid crystal material contains one or more of the compounds described by formula I as defined in the specification.

Abstract: The compounds of the formula I are precursors for organoleptic and antimicrobial compounds. The latter are generated in the presence of skin bacteria, enzymes or acidic or alkaline conditions. One precursor molecule can provide one or more different compounds.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of an enantiomerically enriched 2-substituted succinic acid derivative of formula 2, which comprises asymmetric hydrogenation of the dehydro precursor of formula 7 or 8, or a mixture thereof wherein R1 and R2 are independently H, a salt-forming cation, or an organic group of up to 30 C atoms, and R3 and R4 are independently H or an organic group of up to 30 C atoms, provided that R3 and R4 are not both H, in the presence of a transition metal complex of a chiral phosphine ligand having the partial formula 10 wherein n is 0 to 6 and R represents at least one non-hydrogen organic group of up to 30 C atoms.

Abstract: Compounds of the Formula 1, Formula 2, Formula 3 and Formula 4 wherein the symbols have the meaning assigned to them in the disclosure have retinoid-like biological activity.

Abstract: Water-borne polymeric vehicles are described where the polymeric vehicle includes the amine or ammonium salt of a phenolic ester alcohol.

Abstract: Provided is an industrially useful process for producing an optically active 2-hydroxy-4-arylbutyric acid or its ester. An optically active acyloxysuccinic anhydride is reacted with an aromatic compound in the presence of a Lewis acid to produce an optically active 2-acyloxy-4-oxo-4-arylbutyric acid. The 2-acyloxy-4-oxo-4-arylbutyric acid is converted to an optically active 2-acyloxy-4-arylbutyric acid through catalytic reduction. The 2-acyloxy-4-arylbutyric acid is hydrolyzed in the presence of an acid or an alkali to produce an optically active 2-hydroxy-4-arylbutyric acid. The 2-hydroxy-4-arylbutyric acid is reacted with an alcohol in the presence of an acid to produce an optically active 2-hydroxy-4-arylbutyric acid ester.

Abstract: The dicarboxylic acid derivatives according to the invention have the following structure ##STR1## wherein X denotes O, S, (CF.sub.2).sub.m, C(CF.sub.3).sub.2 or CF.sub.2 --CF(CF.sub.3) (m=1 to 10), and R stems from the following compounds: fluoro- or trifluoromethyl- and nitro- or cyanophenols, thiophenols or -aminobenzenes, 4-hydroxy-, 4-mercapto- or 4-aminocoumarins, N-hydroxysuccinimides or N-hydroxymaleimides, 2-hydroxy- or 2-mercaptobenzoxazoles or -benzothiazoles and 1-hydroxy- or 1-mercaptobenzotriazoles.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a new 3-aryl-4-hydroxy-.DELTA..sup.3 -dihydrofuranone derivatives of the general formula (I) ##STR1## in which the radicals A, B, G, X, Y, Z and n have the meaning given in the description, to a plurality of processes for their preparation, and to their use as pesticides.

Abstract: Inks, particularly inks for ink jet printing, contain at least one compound of the formula I ##STR1## as a stabilizer. The symbols R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.3 ' and R.sub.4 ' are as defined in claim 1. The compounds are in part novel and are suitable for use as light stabilizers for organic materials.

Abstract: Antiferroelectric liquid crystals represented by the following formula (1) and (2). ##STR1## In the formula (1), each of m and n is an integer satisfying 6.ltoreq.m.ltoreq.14 and 2.ltoreq.n.ltoreq.10, and each of Z.sub.1, Z.sub.2 and Z.sub.3 is independently a substituent selected from the group consisting H, F, Cl, Br, CN and CH.sub.3. ##STR2## In the formula (2), each of m and n is an integer satisfying 6.ltoreq.m.ltoreq.14 and 3.ltoreq.k.ltoreq.10, and each of Z.sub.1, Z.sub.2 and Z.sub.3 is independently a substituent selected from the group consisting H, F, Cl, Br, CN and CH.sub.3.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display cell comprising a chiral ferroelectric smectic liquid crystal layer whose helix structure is influenced by the action of an electric field such that its optical anisotropy alters; a pair of transparent plates between which the liquid crystal is disposed and which have a surface structure for aligning the molecule of the liquid crystal and are provided with electrodes to produce an electric field therein; and one polariser each before and after the liquid crystal: such ratio d/p of the thickness d of the liquid crystal layer to the pitch height p of the helical twisting is greater than 5, the smectic tilt angle .theta..sub.o is being between 22.5.degree. and 50.degree. and the product d.multidot..theta..sub.o.sup.2 .multidot..DELTA.n.multidot.l/.lambda. (phase factor) of the thickness d, the square of the tilt angle .theta..sub.o, the value of the birefringence .DELTA.n and the reciprocal of the wavelength .lambda. of light bedding is greater than 0.45 .mu.m.

Abstract: Elevated plasma levels of proMMP-9 and proMMP-9/TIMP-1 complex have been shown to correlate with and are useful in aiding the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease; a hybridoma which produces a monoclonal antibody which specifically binds to and recognizes proMMP-9 and proMMP-9/TIMP-1 complex is disclosed and is designated mAb 277.13.