Abstract: The present invention relates to novel compounds containing fluorinated end groups, to the use thereof as surface-active substances, and to compositions comprising these compounds.

Abstract: A process utilizing nitric acid and oxygen as co-oxidants to oxidize aldehydes, alcohols, polyols, preferably carbohydrates, specifically reducing sugars to produce the corresponding carboxylic acids.

Abstract: Provided by the present invention is a method for efficient oxidation of alcohols by using, as a catalyst for dehydrogenation oxidation, a ruthenium complex which can be easily produced and easily handled and is obtainable at a relatively low cost. The invention relates to a method of producing a compound having a carbonyl group by dehydrogenation oxidation of alcohols by using as a catalyst the ruthenium carbonyl complex represented by the following general formula (1) RuXY(CO)(L) (1) (in the general formula (1), X and Y may be the same or different from each other and represent an anionic ligand, and L represents a tridentate aminodiphosphine ligand).

Abstract: Provided by the present invention is a method for efficient oxidation of alcohols by using, as a catalyst for dehydrogenation oxidation, a ruthenium complex which can be easily produced and easily handled and is obtainable at a relatively low cost. The invention relates to a method of producing a compound having a carbonyl group by dehydrogenation oxidation of alcohols by using as a catalyst the ruthenium carbonyl complex represented by the following general formula (1) RuXY(CO)(L) (1) (in the general formula (1), X and Y may be the same or different from each other and represent an anionic ligand, and L represents a tridentate aminodiphosphine ligand).

Abstract: A controlled nitric acid process employing oxygen and nitric acid as co-oxidants is used to oxidize organic compounds subject to nitric acid oxidation, to their corresponding carboxylic acids. Oxidation of some carbohydrates by this process can produce one or more of their corresponding acid forms. The process is carried out at moderate temperatures, typically in the range of 20° C. to 45° C. in a closed reactor, with oxygen gas being introduced into the reaction chamber as needed in order to sustain the reaction. Computer controlled reactors allow for careful and reproducible control of reaction parameters. Nitric acid can be recovered by a distillation/evaporation process, or by diffusion dialysis, the aqueous solution made basic with inorganic hydroxide, and the residual inorganic nitrate removed using a filtration (nanofiltration) device.

Abstract: A method for preparing fluorinated carboxylic acids and theirs salts is described comprising subjecting a fluorinated to at least one first and at least one second oxidizing agent to produce a highly fluorinated carboxylic acid or their salts. The first oxidizing agent is a compound that can be converted, by action of the second oxidizing agent, into a reactive species capable of oxidizing the fluorinated alcohol.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for separating glyoxylic acid starting from an aqueous reaction medium containing glyoxylic acid and hydrochloric acid, comprising a step of countercurrent steam stripping of the reaction medium in order to obtain, on the one hand, a gas phase containing the volatile hydrochloric acid and, on the other hand, a liquid phase containing the purified glyoxylic acid.

Abstract: A process for preparing dicarboxylic acids is described. More particularly a process is described for preparing adipic acid (1,6-hexanedioic acid), by the action of nitric acid, starting from cyclic ketones or alcohols which are the corresponding compounds from the standpoint of the number of carbon atoms, in the presence of one or more oxides of nitrogen at a molar concentration in the reaction mixture of greater than 2.5 mmol per kg of reaction mixture.

Abstract: A method for preparing fluorinated carboxylic acids and theirs salts is described comprising subjecting a fluorinated alcohol of the general formula (A): A-CH2—OH to at least one first and at least one second oxidizing agent to produce a highly fluorinated carboxylic acid or their salts of the general formula (B): A-COO M+, wherein M+ represents a cation and wherein A in formulas (A) and (B) is the same and A represents the residue: Rf-[0]p-CX?Y?-[0]m-CX?Y?-[0]n-CXY— wherein Rf represents a fluorinated alkyl residue which may or may not contain one or more catenary oxygen atoms, p, m and n are independently from each other either 1 or O, X, X?, X?, Y, Y? and Y? are independently from each other H, F, CF3, or C2F5 with the proviso that not all of X, X?, X?, Y, Y? and Y? are H; or A represents the residue: R—CFX— wherein X and R are independently selected from a hydrogen, a halogen, or an alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, or aryl residue, which may or may not contain one or more fluorine atoms and which may or may no

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of adipic acid carried out in devices made of material resistant to the corrosion of the synthesis medium is described. A process for the manufacture of adipic acid carried out in devices, some of which are made of a material resistant to corrosion by nitric acid, is also described. The corrosion-resistant material can be a “duplex” austenoferritic stainless steel of X2 CrNiN 23-4 (1.4362) type, according to the European nomenclature.

Abstract: A controlled nitric acid process employing oxygen and nitric acid as co-oxidants is used to oxidize organic compounds subject to nitric acid oxidation, to their corresponding carboxylic acids. Oxidation of some carbohydrates by this process can produce one or more of their corresponding acid forms. The process is carried out at moderate temperatures, typically in the range of 20° C. to 45° C. in a closed reactor, with oxygen gas being introduced into the reaction chamber as needed in order to sustain the reaction. Computer controlled reactors allow for careful and reproducible control of reaction parameters. Nitric acid can be recovered by a distillation/evaporation process, or by diffusion dialysis, the aqueous solution made basic with inorganic hydroxide, and the residual inorganic nitrate removed using a filtration (nanofiltration) device.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a process for producing an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid compound, which comprises oxidizing, with a nitrite or a nitrate in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid, an alicyclic secondary alcohol compound or an alicyclic ketone compound, in each of which at least one methylene group is bonded to the carbon atom having hydroxyl group bonded thereto or the carbon atom as a member of carbonyl group, wherein the reaction is conducted in the presence of water of 5 mass % or less relative to 100 mass % of the total of the trifluoroacetic acid and the water.

Abstract: A process for preparing alkynecarboxylic acids includes the oxidation of an alkyne alcohol with a hypohalite in the presence of a nitroxyl compound at a pH of greater than 7 with continual addition of the alkyne alcohol and of the hypohalite to the reaction mixture.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a process for making a salt of a carboxylic acid. The process comprises contacting a catalyst with an alkaline mixture comprising a primary alcohol. In one embodiment, the catalyst comprises a metal supporting structure (preferably a metal sponge supporting structure comprising at least about 10% by weight nickel) having a copper-containing active phase at the surface thereof and iron as a catalyst modifier. The supporting structure is resistant to deformation under the conditions of the dehydrogenation reaction. This invention is also directed to novel nickel-containing catalysts having a copper-containing active phase and iron as a catalyst modifier which may, for example, be used in the above process. This invention is further directed to processes for making such catalysts.

Abstract: Degradation acids obtained in the synthesis of carboxylic acids, in particular dicarboxylic acids, having from 8 to 16 carbon atoms may be isolated by separating the degradation acids in the form of a solid from the crude reaction mixture, then washing the degradation acids in the form of an oil with water at an elevated temperature. The resulting degradation acids having low oxidant and metal contents, and the metal catalyst may be recirculated back to the process.

Abstract: A synthetic reaction to produce [2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethoxy] acetic acid (AEEA) derivatives. This synthetic reaction does not require isolation and purification of intermediates. The AEEA derivatives can be used to synthesize high load polystyrene-polyethylene glycol-like resins having excellent swelling characteristics.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an alkanedicarboxylic acid by oxidizing cycloalkanol and/or cycloalkanone with an aqueous solution of nitric acid, which comprises using an adiabatic reactor comprising a feed nozzle enabling to feed cycloalkanol and/or cycloalkanone at a linear velocity not lower than 8×10?2 m/sec and a mixing apparatus.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing a fluoroalkylcarboxylic acid of the formula RfCOOH wherein Rf is a C1-16 fluoroalkyl group, which comprises oxidizing a fluoroalkyl alcohol of the formula RfCH2OH wherein Rf is as defined above using nitric acid. The process according to the present invention produces a fluoroalkylcarboxylic acid with high selectivity at low costs.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the manufacture of adipic acid, more particularly of adipic acid crystals. It relates more specifically to a process for the treatment of the adipic acid crystals obtained on conclusion of crystallization, which consists in dispersing the adipic acid crystals collected on conclusion of crystallization in a liquid medium, in stirring the said liquid medium and in then separating the said crystals from the said liquid medium and optionally drying them. The form of the crystals is modified in order to obtain pebbles with a substantially smooth surface.

Abstract: A process for preparing alkynecarboxylic acids includes the oxidation of an alkyne alcohol with a hypohalite in the presence of a nitroxyl compound at a pH of greater than 7 with continual addition of the alkyne alcohol and of the hypohalite to the reaction mixture.

Abstract: A method for the oxidation of substrates comprising treating an aqueous, basic solution of a substrate having an oxidizable functionality using an elemental halogen as terminal oxidant in the presence of an oxoammonium catalyst/halide co-catalyst system. Use of elemental halogen, preferably chlorine gas or elemental bromine, unexpectedly allows oxidation without significant degradation of the substrate. The substrate is preferably a monosaccharide, oligosaccharide, or polysaccharide, and the oxidizable functionality is preferably an aldehyde, hemiacetal, or a primary alcohol. An effective source of the oxoammonium catalyst is 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl-1-oxy (TEMPO) and a particularly economical and effective catalyst is 4-acetylamino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl-1-oxy.

Abstract: The present invention discloses halogenated 2-amino-5,6 heptenoic acid derivatives useful as nitric oxide synthase inhibitors.

Abstract: A process for partially oxidizing and converting a polyoxyalkylene polyol composition to a polycarboxylic acid composition comprising reacting a polyoxyalkylene polyol composition with a stable free radical nitroxide in the presence of an NOx generating compound, a flow of air or oxygen, and optionally water, at elevated temperatures. The oxidation reaction is discontinued by deactivating the catalyst and removing the source of air or oxygen, the NOx generating source, and the optional water. From 60% to no more than 95% of the polyoxyalkylene polyol composition is converted.

Abstract: A process for the optical resolution of racemic 3-(p-chlorophenyl)glutaramide (GAM) into its R isomer R--COOH and its S isomer S--COOH, which process includes the steps of either:(1) reacting racemic 3-(p-chlorophenyl)-glutaramide dissolved in a suitable solvent with S-(-)-.alpha.-methylbenzylamine of the formula H.sub.2 N--S'(2) precipitating out of the solution of step (1) R--CO.sub.2.sup.-.H.sub.3.sup.+ N--S';(3) dissolving the precipitate of step (2) in water, with the addition of a suitable acid; and(4) precipitating out of the solution of step (3) R--COOH; or(5) reacting racemic -3-(p-chlorophenyl)-glutaramide dissolved in a suitable solvent with R-(+)-.alpha.-methylbenzylamine of the formula H.sub.2 N--R';(6) precipitating out of the solution of step (5) S--CO.sub.2.sup.-.H.sub.3.sup.+ N--R';(7) dissolving the precipitate of step (6) in water, with the addition of a suitable acid, and(8) precipitating out of the solution of step (7) S--COOH.

Abstract: A method for synthesizing and isolating an oxidation product is disclosed wherein nitric acid is reacted with an oxidizable reactant and the desired oxidized product is extracted using an organic solvent such as a dialkyl ether. The method permits the direct crystallization of aldaric acids such as glucaric acid and mannaric acid and eliminates the necessity of employing complicated, time consuming and wasteful neutralization/acidification steps.

Abstract: A process for preparing an alkoxyalkanoic acid by reacting the corresponding alkoxyalkanol with a resin-supported stable free radical nitroxide in the presence of a NO.sub.x -generating compound and, optionally, an oxidant and/or a solvent at a temperature in the range of from about 0.degree. C. to about 100.degree. C. and thereafter separating out the alkoxyalkanoic acid.

Abstract: A process for preparing an alkoxyalkanoic acid by reacting the corresponding alkoxyalkanol with a resin-supported stable free radical nitroxide in the presence of a chlorine-containing oxidant and a solvent at a temperature in the range of from about 0.degree. C. to about 35.degree. C. and thereafter separating out the alkoxyalkanoic acid.

Abstract: A process for preparing carboxylates of polyoxyalkylene siloxanes and -amines, alkylpolyoxyalkylenes, polyoxyalkylene block polymers, alkylamidepolyoxyalkylenes and alkylpolyglucosides comprising subjecting a primary hydroxyl group-containing polyoxyalkylene compound or alkylpolyglucoside to mild oxidiation. The invention also relates to the novel polyoxyalkylene amine and alkylamidepolyoxyalkylene carboxylates prepared by the process.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of an alkoxyalkanoic acid by reacting the corresponding alkoxyalkanol with a stable free radical nitroxide in the presence of a cerium salt, a highly polar solvent, an oxidant and water, at a temperature in the range of from about 0.degree. C. to about 100.degree. C. and thereafter separating out the alkoxyalkanoic acid.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of an alkoxyalkanoic acid by reacting the corresponding alkoxyalkanol with a stable free radical nitroxide in the presence of a chromium (II) salt, a highly polar solvent, an oxidant and water, at a temperature in the range of from about 0.degree. C. to about 100.degree. C. and thereafter separating out the alkoxyalkanoic acid.

Abstract: A process for preparing an alkoxyalkanoic acid by reacting the corresponding alkoxyalkanol with a stable free radical nitroxide in the presence of a NO.sub.x -generating compound and, optionally, an oxidant at a temperature in the range of from about 0.degree. C. to about 100.degree. C. and thereafter separating out the alkoxyalkanoic acid.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a branched alkoxyalkanoic acid by reacting the corresponding branched alkoxyalkanol with a stable free radical nitroxide in the presence of a NO.sub.X -generating compound at a temperature in the range of from about 0.degree. C. to about 100.degree. C. and thereafter separating out the branched alkoxyalkanoic acid.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of an alkoxyalkanoic acid by reacting the corresponding alkoxyalkanol with a stable free radical nitroxide in the presence of a NO.sub.x -generating compound, a solvent and an oxidant, at a temperature in the range of from about 0.degree. C. to about 100.degree. C. and thereafter separating out the alkoxyalkanoic acid.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of an alkoxyalkanoic acid by reacting the corresponding alkoxyalkanol with a stable free radical nitroxide in the presence of a metal salt selected from the group consisting of a copper salt, an iron salt and mixtures thereof, a nitrite compound, a highly polar solvent, an oxidant and water, at a temperature in the range of from about 0.degree. C. to about 100.degree. C. and thereafter separating out the alkoxyalkanoic acid.

Abstract: A process for preparing an alkoxyalkanoic acid by reacting the corresponding alkoxyalkanol with a stable free radical nitroxide in the presence of a NO.sub.x -generating compound and, optionally, an oxidant and/or a solvent, at a temperature in the range of from about 0.degree. C. to about 100.degree. C. and thereafter separating out the alkoxyalkanoic acid.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a secondary alkoxyalkanoic acid by reacting the corresponding secondary alkoxyalkanol with a stable free radical nitroxide in the presence of a NO.sub.x -generating compound and an oxidant at a temperature in the range of from about 0.degree. C. to about 100.degree. C. and thereafter separating out the secondary alkoxyalkanoic acid.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of an alkanoic acid which comprises reacting the corresponding alkanol with a solubilized stable free radical nitroxide having the formula: ##STR1## wherein each of R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 is an alkyl, aryl or heteroatom substituted alkyl group having 1 to about 15 carbon atoms and each of R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 is alkyl, hydrogen, aryl or a substituted heteroatom, nitric acid, and a bromide ion-containing compound in the presence of an oxidant at a temperature in the range of from about 25.degree. C. to about 60.degree. C., and thereafter separating out the alkanoic acid.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of an alkoxyalkanoic acid of the formulaRO(CH.sub.2 CHR'O).sub.n CH.sub.2 CO.sub.2 Hwherein R is an alkyl group of from 1 to about 22 carbon atoms, R' is hydrogen or methyl or mixtures thereof (on the individual molecule) and n is an integer of from 1 to about 20, which comprises reacting the corresponding alkoxyalkanol with a solubilized stable free radical nitroxide having the formula: ##STR1## wherein each of R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 is an alkyl, aryl or heteroatom substituted alkyl group having 1 to about 15 carbon atoms and each of R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 is alkyl, hydrogen, aryl or a substituted heteroatom, a NO.sub.x -generating compound selected from the group consisting of an alkali metal nitrosodisulfonate, nitric acid, nitrous acid and mixtures thereof, and a chloride ion-containing compound in the presence of an oxidant at a temperature in the range of from about 0.degree. C. to about 100.degree. C. and thereafter separating out the alkoxyalkanoic acid.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of an alkanoic acid which comprises reacting the corresponding alkanol with a solubilized stable free radical nitroxide having the formula: ##STR1## wherein each of R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 is an alkyl, aryl or heteroatom substituted alkyl group having 1 to about 15 carbon atoms and each of R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 is alkyl, hydrogen, aryl or a substituted heteroatom, and an alkali metal nitrosodisulfonate in the presence of an oxidant at a temperature in the range of from about -10.degree. C. to about 60.degree. C. and thereafter separating out the alkanoic acid.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of an alkanoic acid which comprises reacting the corresponding alkanol with a solubilized stable free radical nitroxide having the formula: ##STR1## wherein each of R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 is an alkyl, aryl or heteroatom substituted alkyl group having 1 to about 15 carbon atoms and each of R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 is alkyl, hydrogen, aryl or a substituted heteroatom, and nitric acid in the presence of an oxidant at a temperature in the range of from about 25.degree. C. to about 65.degree. C. and thereafter separating out the alkanoic acid.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of an alkoxyalkanoic acid of the formulaRO(CH.sub.2 CHR'O).sub.n CH.sub.2 CO.sub.2 Hwherein R is an alkyl group of from 1 to about 22 carbon atoms, R' is hydrogen or methyl or mixtures thereof (on the individual molecule) and n is an integer of from 1 to about 12, which comprises reacting the corresponding alkoxyalkanol with a stable free radical nitroxide having the formula: ##STR1## wherein each of R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 is an alkyl, aryl or heteroatom substituted alkyl group having 1 to about 15 carbon atoms and each of R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 is alkyl, hydrogen, aryl or a substituted heteroatom, and nitric acid in the presence of an oxidant at a temperature in the range of from about 0.degree. C. to about 100.degree. C. and thereafter separating out the alkoxyalkanoic acid.

Abstract: The instant invention relates to a process for the oxidation of primary alcohols to the corresponding acids, which comprises contacting and thereby reacting an alcohol with a tertiary amine oxide compound at elevated temperatures in the presence of a homogeneous oxidation catalyst comprising a Group VIII metal and a promoter comprising a quaternary ammonium bromide, and subsequently separating out acids from the reaction mixture product.

Abstract: The instant invention relates to a process for the oxidation of primary alcohols to the corresponding acids, which comprises contacting and thereby reacting an alcohol with oxygen and a tertiary amine oxide compound at elevated temperatures in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst comprising a Group VIII metal supported on an inert porous support and a promoter comprising a quaternary ammonium bromide, and subsequently separating out acids from the reaction mixture product.

Abstract: For the preparation of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaric acid a process is disclosed based on the direct oxidation with nitric acid of 3-methyl-1,3,5-pentanetriol.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of a monocarboxylic or dicarboxylic acid by oxidative scission of an olefine or its corresponding vicinal dihydroxy compound.An olefine of the formula R.sub.1 --CH.dbd.CH--R.sub.2 or R.sub.1 --CH.dbd.CH.sub.2 or a vicinal dihydroxy compound of formula R.sub.1 --CHOH--CHOH--R.sub.2 or R.sub.1 --CHOH--CH.sub.2 OH (wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are either equal to or different from each other, and possibly substituted with groups inert under the reaction conditions, represent hydrocarbon groups such as the alkyls having up to 30 carbon atoms; the cycloalkyls, possibly branched or substituted and having from 3 to 12 carbon atoms; the aryls and alkylaryls having from 6 to 12 carbon atoms; moreover, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 may be bound to each other so as to form a cyclic alkenyl or cycloalkyl having up to 12 carbon atoms) are reacted, with vigorous stirring, with H.sub.2 O.sub.2, at a temperature between 0.degree. and 120.degree. C.

Abstract: In one of its embodiments this invention provides a process for recovering C.sub.4 -C.sub.6 dicarboxylic acid components contained in a waste byproduct stream derived from a reaction system in which adipic acid is produced by nitric acid oxidation of cyclohexanone/cyclohexanol.An important aspect of the process is the esterification and extraction of the C.sub.4 -C.sub.6 dicarboxylic acids in the aqueous byproduct stream with a mixture of C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkanol and C.sub.6 -C.sub.20 alkanol, and the subsequent recovery of di(C.sub.6 -C.sub.20 alkyl) esters of succinic acid, glutaric acid and adipic acid.In a broader aspect this invention provides a process for recovery of water miscible organic acid components contained in an aqueous solution as C.sub.6 -C.sub.20 alkyl esters of the organic acids.

Abstract: Waste streams from adipic acid manufacture containing nitric, succinic, glutaric and adipic acids and valuable catalytic metal as salts are treated with alcohols, thereby separating, as esters, succinic and glutaric acids which would contaminate pure adipic acid on recycling, and allowing the re-use of the resulting stream containing nitric acid and metal catalytic salts.

Abstract: A method for the oxidation of alicyclic hydrocarbons having substituent groups by the use of liquid nitrogen dioxide (N.sub.2 O.sub.4).

Abstract: A process for producing 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol from 3-methyl-2-pentene-1,5-diol which comprises heating 3-methyl-2-pentene-1,5-diol at a temperature between 200.degree. and 450.degree. C. in the presence of isobutene.According to a preferred embodiment, the heating step and a distillation step to separate 3-methyl-2-pentene-1,5-diol from 3-methylene-1,5-pentanediol is incorporated into a citric acid synthesis method to increase the yield of citric acid from isobutene plus formaldehyde.