Abstract: This invention relates generally to improved methods and herbicidal glyphosate compositions for use in controlling the growth of weeds and unwanted vegetation, and particularly for use in controlling weeds in a crop of transgenic glyphosate-tolerant cotton plants by over-the-top, foliar application of a herbicidal glyphosate formulation.

Abstract: (S)-(+)-3-(aminomethyl)-5-methyl-hexanoic acid or (S)-pregabalin is an anticonvulsive drug. In addition to its use as an anticonvulsive agent, pregabalin has also been indicated as a medicament in the treatment of anxiety, neuropathic pain and pain in patients with fibromyalgia. Provided herein are thioester intermediates in the synthesis of and processes for the synthesis of 3-(aminomethyl)-5-methyl-hexanoic acid in the (R) or (S) configuration.

Abstract: The present invention provides a new enantioselective method of preparing (S)-3-(aminomethyl)-5-methylhexanoic acid, commonly known as pregabalin. The invention also provides new chiral intermediates useful in the production of pregabalin.

Abstract: Use of an isolated peptide comprising an amino acid sequence being no more than 25 amino acids in length, the amino acid sequence comprising at least one aspartate or a homolog thereof, the peptide having an Insulin-Degrading Enzyme (IDE) inhibitory activity, for the manufacture of a medicament identified for treating a disease selected from the group consisting of diabetes, obesity, hyperglycemia, retinal damage, renal failure, nerve damage, microvascular damage and varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection is disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention is directed toward compositions comprising carbon nanotubes (CNTs) that are sidewall-functionalized with amino acid groups, and to amino acid compositions comprising carbon nanotubes. The present invention is also directed to simple and relatively inexpensive methods for the preparation of such compositions. Such compositions are expected to greatly extend the bio-medical applications of CNTs.

Abstract: The subjects of the current invention are compounds, which exhibit arginase inhibiting activity (including difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) and L-norvaline, but not limited to them), and which can be used as therapeutically active agents for the treatment and prevention of depression and/or depression-related conditions. Other subjects of the present invention are the use of said arginase inhibiting compounds as therapeutically active agents for the manufacture of pharmaceutical compositions for human and veterinary application, pharmaceutical composition comprising said arginase inhibiting compound and a method for treatment and prevention of depression and/or depression-related conditions. Also, a method for identifying compounds suitable for use as therapeutically active agents for treatment and/or prevention of depression and/or depression-related conditions is disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for synthesizing ?-aminoalkanoic acids or esters thereof from unsaturated natural fatty acids, passing through a monounsaturated dinitrile intermediate compound. The method of the invention is simple to carry out and, compared to other known methods, avoids the environmental constraints and economic disadvantages due to reaction by-products.

Abstract: N-alkyl, N-alkenyl, N-cycloalkyl, N-aryl amino or imino propionic acids with an alkyl chain ranging from 6 to 18 carbons, or alkenyl chain from 8 to 30 carbons, are obtained from a reaction process in the absence of solvent at a temperature range from 30 to 180° C. and a time of 1 to 10 hours at atmospheric pressure. Formulations composed of N-alkyl or N-alkenyl or N-cycloalkyl or N-aryl amino or imino propionic acids, polyethers derived from propylene oxide or ethylene oxide or copolymer thereof and a solvent consisting of aromatic compounds such as toluene or xylene, diesel or gasoline or alcohols such as isopropanol and ethanol, or mixtures thereof, are obtained inhibit ferrous metal corrosion of pipelines and storage tanks and transport crude oil and liquid fuels. A method inhibiting corrosion of ferrous metals adds an effective amount of the corrosion inhibitor to a petroleum based material such as crude oil and liquid fuels such as gasoline, diesel fuel, and aviation fuel.

Abstract: The present invention is related to processes suitable for industrial synthesis of pregabalin from (R)-(?)-3-(carbamoylmethyl)-5-methylhexanoic using sodium hypochlorite as described herein. In addition, the present invention is related to pregabalin which is substantially free of impurities and pharmaceutical compositions comprising pregabalin.

Abstract: The present invention provides a prodrug of propofol and crystalline forms thereof, methods of making the propofol prodrug and crystalline forms thereof, pharmaceutical compositions of the propofol prodrug and crystalline forms thereof, methods of using the propofol prodrug and crystalline forms thereof and pharmaceutical compositions thereof to treat diseases or disorders such as headache pain, post-chemotherapy or post-operative surgery nausea and vomiting, neurodegenerative disorders, and mood disorders.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a compound of formula (I) is disclosed, which comprises: a) the reaction of a compound of formula (II) with zinc azide of formula (III) Zn(N3)2??(III) in the presence of a solvent of formula R1—OH, wherein R1 is herein defined, to obtain a compound of formula (IV), b) its conversion into a compound of formula (V); c) its enantiomeric enrichment to obtain the (S) enantiomer of formula (VI); and d) the hydrolysis thereof.

Abstract: The present invention concerns the use of compounds of the Formula (I) for treating different types of acute and chronic pain, especially non neuropathic inflammatory pain in mammals. The pain to be treated may be e.g. chronic inflammatory pain, rheumatoid arthritis pain and/or secondary inflammatory osteoarthritic pain. The compounds show an antinociceptive profile and differ from classical analgesics like opioids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and are useful as specific analgesics.

Abstract: Materials and methods for preparing (S)-(+)-3-aminomethyl-5-methyl-hexanoic acid and structurally related compounds via enzymatic kinetic resolution are disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed are ?-amino acids that are unsubstituted in the ? position; that are substituted in the ? position with an aryl group; that are substituted in the ? position with an aryl group; that bear two substituents in the ? position; and/or that are substituted in the ? and ? positions with groups which, together with the carbon atoms at the ? and ? positions, form a ring. Also disclosed are methods for making the above-mentioned ?-amino acids and other ?-amino acids which involve providing an ?,?-unsaturated imide; converting the ?,?-unsaturated imide to a 2-substituted-isoxazolidin-5-one; and converting the 2-substituted-isoxazolidin-5-one to a ?-amino acid.

Abstract: Compounds represented by the following structural formulas can be used as photoacid generators: Such compounds are useful, for example, in fabricating arrays of polymers.

Abstract: The present invention herein provides a combination of stable isotope-labeled aliphatic amino acids, which permits the structural analysis of a high molecular weight protein, in particular, a high molecular weight protein whose molecular weight exceeds 60 kDa. This is a combination of stable isotope-labeled amino acids which is characterized in that arginine (Arg), glutamine (Gln), glutamic acid (Glu), lysine (Lys), methionine (Met) and proline (Pro) satisfy the following requirements concerning the labelling pattern: (b) one of the methylene hydrogen atoms of at least one of the methylene groups is deuterated and the both of the two methylene hydrogen atoms of at least one of the methylene groups are likewise deuterated; and (d) when they each have a methyl group, the hydrogen atoms of the methyl group except for one of the same are deuterated, or the methyl group is completely deuterated.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the synthesis of ?-amino alkanoic acids or esters thereof starting from unsaturated natural fatty acids passing through an ?-unsaturated nitrile intermediate compound.

Abstract: Disclosed are ?-amino acids that are unsubstituted in the ? position; that are substituted in the ? position with an aryl group; that are substituted in the ? position with an aryl group; that bear two substituents in the ? position; and/or that are substituted in the ? and ? positions with groups which, together with the carbon atoms at the ? and ? positions, form a ring. Also disclosed are methods for making the above-mentioned ?-amino acids and other ?-amino acids which involve providing an ?,?-unsaturated imide; converting the ?,?-unsaturated imide to a 2-substituted-isoxazolidin-5-one; and converting the 2-substituted-isoxazolidin-5-one to a ?-amino acid.

Abstract: Disclosed is a culture medium for culturing an animal cell, which is characterized by containing a peptide comprising, as a constituent unit, an amino acid residue selected from the amino acid group consisting of serine, tyrosine and cysteine. The culture medium is suitable for the high level production of a protein by an animal cell.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel process for the preparation of ?-amino acids, such as (±)-3-(aminomethyl)-5-methyl-hexanoic acid (1), which is a key intermediate in the preparation of the potent anticonvulsant pregabalin, (S)-(+)-3-(aminomethyl)-5-methyl-hexanoic acid (2), and its analogues.

Abstract: Methods for obtaining Tamaritt and Tamaritt-Intermediate based materials are implemented through a secondary chemical reactor providing a second chemical reaction conducted with at least two reactants. The first reactant is Tamaritt and the second is an inorganic, or organic, or bio-molecular reagent, or their combination. Tamaritt is produced in a primary chemical reactor, modulating chemical reactions, preferably using a plasma device, and producing certain byproducts. A solid organic dye is dissolved in water producing a solution placed into the primary reactor, wherein the temperature and pressure are predeterminedly adjusted. The byproducts are injected into the solution, thereby commencing a first chemical reaction conducted until it finally results in obtaining Tamaritt. Tamaritt-Intermediate byproducts, being bond-altering catalyst-reagents, are obtained at a certain stage of the process.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to high protein dietary supplements for treating various symptoms and diseases associated with protein deficiency including weight gain, obesity, catabolic diseases, fibromyalgia, anxiety reactions, posttraumatic stress and chronic fatigue syndrome. Embodiments of dietary supplements comprise combinations of proteins, essential and semi-essential amino acids including L-Lysine, L-Arginine, and/or L-Histidine.

Abstract: The invention encompasses processes for the synthesis of (S)-(+)-3-(aminomethyl)-5-methylhexanoic acid, (S)-Pregabalin, and intermediates of (S)-Pregabalin.

Abstract: The presently disclosed and claimed inventive concepts include inhibitors of antiplasmin cleaving enzyme (APCE) and fibroblast activation protein alpha (FAP) which can be used in various therapies related to disorders of fibrin and ?2-antiplasmin and abnormal cell proliferation. The presently disclosed and claimed inventive concepts also include substrates of APCE and FAP, which may be used, for example, in screening methods for identifying such inhibitors. The presently disclosed and claimed inventive concepts further include, but are not limited to, methods of treating or inhibiting atherosclerosis and thrombus disorders by altering the ratios of types of plasma ?2-antiplasmin and to methods of treating conditions involving abnormal cell proliferation such as cancers.

Abstract: Unique salts of trimebutine and N-monodesmethyl trimebutine, and their corresponding stereoisomers, having improved analgesic properties useful in the treatment of visceral pain are provided. The salts of the present invention are particularly useful in the treatment of conditions characterized by abdominal pain, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), diabetic gastroparesis, and dyspepsia.

Abstract: The invention describes compounds useful for labelling molecules of interest (i.e. analytes), particularly biomolecules such as peptides, proteins, oligonucleotides and nucleic acids, and also methods for analysing, detecting and/or isolating these labelled molecules using mass spectrometry. The compound in one aspect is a mass marker for labelling of an analyte detectable by mass spectrometry such as neutral loss mass spectroscopy, in which the mass marker comprises a neutral loss mass modifier linked via a first collision cleavable linker to a reactive group having reactive functionality for attachment to the analyte. The neutral loss mass modifier upon cleavage from the analyte during mass spectroscopy is uncharged.

Abstract: The invention encompasses processes for the synthesis of (S)-(+)-3-(aminomethyl) -5-methylhexanoic acid, (S)-Pregabalin, and intermediates of (S)-Pregabalin.

Abstract: An acylamino acid compound is described which can be used in food preparations to generate a savory tingling sensation without burning effect.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel process of preparing an enantiomerically enriched ?-amino acid, such as enantiomerically enriched (S)-pregabalin.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for synthesizing ?-amino-alkanoic acids or the esters thereof from mono-unsaturated natural fatty acids comprising at least one step of forming the unsaturated diacid corresponding to the original fatty acid.

Abstract: The present invention features a chemoselective ligation reaction that can be carried out under physiological conditions. In general, the invention involves condensation of a specifically engineered phosphine, which can provide for formation of an amide bond between the two reactive partners resulting in a final product comprising a phosphine moiety, or which can be engineered to comprise a cleavable linker so that a substituent of the phosphine is transferred to the azide, releasing an oxidized phosphine byproduct and producing a native amide bond in the final product. The selectivity of the reaction and its compatibility with aqueous environments provides for its application in vivo (e.g., on the cell surface or intracellularly) and in vitro (e.g., synthesis of peptides and other polymers, production of modified (e.g., labeled) amino acids).

Abstract: The invention encompasses processes for the synthesis of (S)-(+)-3-(aminomethyl)-5-methylhexanoic acid, (S)-Pregabalin, and intermediates of (S)-Pregabalin.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of suppressing the nonspecific interaction between molecules, characterized in that in a process to immobilize a molecule onto a solid phase carrier and analyze the specific interaction between the molecule and a molecule that specifically interacts with the molecule on the solid phase, the hydrophobic property of the solid phase surface in the solid phase carrier is regulated, particularly a hydrophilic spacer is interlaid at the time of immobilization of the molecule onto the solid phase carrier, which method makes it possible to suppress the nonspecific interaction between the molecules, and to reduce nonspecific adsorption to the solid phase.

Abstract: Materials and methods for preparing (S)-(+)-3-aminomethyl-5-methyl-hexanoic acid and structurally related compounds via enzymatic kinetic resolution are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to glycine derivatives as additive for an aqueous polyurethane dispersion. Said glycine derivatives can increase the fluidity of aqueous polyurethane dispersion and therefore is useful for preparation of aqueous polyurethane dispersion with high solid content. Besides, the glycine derivatives are able to significantly decrease the viscosity of aqueous polyurethane dispersion; therefore, the aqueous polyurethane dispersion with high solid content can be stored stably.

Abstract: A photo-reaction of tyrosine (and small tyrosyl peptides) with cetyltrimethylamonium chloride in aqueous buffer solution is described in this patent. The reactants were exposed to simulated sun irradiance of 760 W/m2 at 30° C.±1° C. A reddish pigment was formed with the yield ranging from 60-100% in 6 hours depending on the peptides. The pigment was believed to be a melanin crossed linked with cetyltrimethylamonium chloride. Interaction between tyrosine and neighboring nitrogen containing groups was also observed. This reaction is useful for the research of some cosmetic and pharmaceutical products. It may also have other applications if other phenols and amines are used as reactants. Some advantages of this reaction include the mild reaction condition, simple procedures, and no need for oxidants, catalysts, organic solvents and heating.

Abstract: A new method is disclosed for the exfoliation of hexagonal boron nitride into mono- and few-layered nanosheets (or nanoplatelets, nanomesh, nanoribbons). The method does not necessarily require high temperature or vacuum, but uses commercially available h-BN powders (or those derived from these materials, bulk crystals) and only requires wet chemical processing. The method is facile, cost efficient, and scalable. The resultant exfoliated h-BN is dispersible in an organic solvent or water thus amenable for solution processing for unique microelectronic or composite applications.

Abstract: Disclosed is a producing method of an optically active ?-amino acid useful as intermediate for the production of medicines, agricultural. chemicals and physiologically active substances, by means of a catalytic and asymmetric synthesis method of high performance and a high enantiomeric excess, without requiring additional procedures such as introduction and removal of protecting group and so on. The method includes subjecting an enamine to an asymmetric hydrogenation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of a preparation comprising a substance that is capable of binding acetaldehyde, and to the use of a filter that is attached to a tobacco product to reduce tobacco and/or alcohol dependence.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for production of D- and/or L-methionine via D- and/or L-homoserine with subsequent chemical transformation to give methionine.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel stabilized crosslinked compounds having secondary structure motifs, libraries of these novel compounds, and methods for the synthesis of these compounds libraries thereof. The synthesis of these novel stabilized compounds involves (1) synthesizing a peptide from a selected number of natural or non-natural amino acids, wherein said peptide comprises at least two moieties capable of undergoing reaction to promote carbon-carbon bond formation; and (2) contacting said peptide with a reagent to generate at least one crosslinker and to effect stabilization of a secondary structure motif. The present invention, in a preferred embodiment, provides stabilized p53 donor helical peptides. Additionally, the present invention provides methods for disrupting the p53/MDM2 binding interaction comprising (1) providing a crosslinked stabilized ?-helical structure; and (2) contacting said crosslinked stabilized ?-helical structure with MDM2.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel method for the preparation of racemic pregabalin (1) or a single enantiomer thereof, (S)-(+)-3-(aminomethyl)-5-methyl-hexanoic acid (2).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cell, which has been genetically modified relative to its wild type, so that in comparison with its wild type it is able to produce more ?-aminocarboxylic acids, more ?-aminocarboxylic acid esters or more lactams derived from ?-aminocarboxylic acids, starting from carboxylic acids or carboxylic acid esters. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for the production of a genetically modified cell, the cells obtainable by this method, a method for the production of ?-aminocarboxylic acids, of ?-aminocarboxylic acid esters or of lactams derived from ?-aminocarboxylic acids, the ?-aminocarboxylic acids, ?-aminocarboxylic acid esters or lactams derived from ?-aminocarboxylic acids obtainable by this method, a method for the production of polyamides based on ?-aminocarboxylic acids or based on lactams and the polyamides obtainable by this method.

Abstract: The present invention is related to processes suitable for industrial synthesis of pregabalin from (R)-(?)-3-(carbamoylmethyl)-5-methylhexanoic using sodium hypochlorite as described herein. In addition, the present invention is related to pregabalin which is substantially free of impurities and pharmaceutical compositions comprising pregabalin.

Abstract: Systems and methods for crystallization in microfluidic systems are generally described. Many applications require the collection of time-resolved data to determine advantageous conditions for crystallization. The present invention provides tools and related techniques which address this need, as well as a platform for the growth of crystals within microfluidic channels. The systems and methods described herein provide, in one aspect, tools that allow for controlled, stable crystallization of organic materials in microfluidic channels. The invention can interface not only with microfluidic/microscale equipment, but with macroscale equipment to allow for the easy injection of fluids (e.g., fluids containing crystal precursor), extraction of crystals, determination of one or more crystal properties (e.g., crystal size, size distribution among multiple crystals, morphology, etc.), etc.

Abstract: The present invention features a chemoselective ligation reaction that can be carried out under physiological conditions. In general, the invention involves condensation of a specifically engineered phosphine, which can provide for formation of an amide bond between the two reactive partners resulting in a final product comprising a phosphine moiety, or which can be engineered to comprise a cleavable linker so that a substituent of the phosphine is transferred to the azide, releasing an oxidized phosphine byproduct and producing a native amide bond in the final product. The selectivity of the reaction and its compatibility with aqueous environments provides for its application in vivo (e.g., on the cell surface or intracellularly) and in vitro (e.g., synthesis of peptides and other polymers, production of modified (e.g., labeled) amino acids).

Abstract: Materials and Methods for preparing (S)-(+)-3-aminomethyl-5-methyl-hexanoic acid and structurally related compounds via enzymatic kinetic resolution are disclosed.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a compound of formula (I) is disclosed, which comprises: a) the reaction of a compound of formula (II) with zinc azide of formula (III) Zn(N3)2??(III) in the presence of a solvent of formula R1—OH, wherein R1 is herein defined, to obtain a compound of formula (IV), b) its conversion into a compound of formula (V); c) its enantiomeric enrichment to obtain the (S) enantiomer of formula (VI); and d) the hydrolysis thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing pregabalin ((S)-3-(aminomethyl)-5-methylhexanoic acid which is useful for the prevention and treatment of seizure disorders, pins, and psychiatric disorders. According to the present invention, pregabalin can be prepared in a high enantiomeric excess of 99% or more, without an additional step of separating or purifying its enantiomer.

Abstract: The invention provides an agent comprising an amino acid sequence for use in a method of diagnosis of a synucleinopathic disease.