Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the synthesis of isocyanates and of isocyanate derivatives. Isocyanates are obtained by reacting an organic halide with a metal cyanate in an organic medium in the presence of a catalyst consisting of a complex of nickel with at least one organic ligand, in which complex the nickel is in the zero oxidation state.A carbamate or a urea, respectively, are obtained by a subsequent reaction with a hydroxy compound or a primary or secondary amine.Isocyanates and their derivatives are used especially either as refined synthesis agents for the production of pesticides and medications, or as monomers or comonomers for the preparation of many macromolecular compounds.

Abstract: A process for efficiently preparing 2-amino-5-nitrophenol derivatives in which benzoxazole derivatives are subjected to nucleophilic substitution reaction at the 5 position thereof to obtain corresponding benzoxazole derivatives, and the oxazole ring of the benzoxazole derivatives is then subjected to ring-opening to obtain 2-amino-5-nitrophenol derivatives. The 2-amino-5-nitrophenol derivatives are useful as industrial starting materials, reducing agents or antioxidants and intermediates for cyan-image-forming couplers.

Abstract: Monocyclohexylurea can be prepared particularly selectively if 100 parts by weight of cyclohexylamine are reacted with 70 to 300 parts by weight of urea in the presence of water in the boiling range of water.

Abstract: Polyaminohydroxyl compounds having molecular weights of from 200 to 20,000 and a functionality greater than 1 but less than or equal to 8 containing 0.165-16.5 wt. % amino and hydroxyl groups and 0.295-29.5 wt. % urethane and/or urea groups are produced by hydrolyzing the corresponding NCO prepolymer containing OH groups. The equivalent ratio of amino groups to hydroxyl groups in these polyaminohydroxyl compounds is from 99:1 to 0.1:99.9. Groups which are inert with respect to amines and isocyanates may optionally be present in the polyaminohydroxyl compounds in quantities such that the equivalent ratio of amine groups to inert groups is from 100:0 to 33.3:66.6 and the equivalent ratio of hydroxyl groups to inert groups is from 100:0 to 33.3:66.6. These polyaminohydroxyl compounds are useful in the production of polyurethanes. The polyaminohydroxyl compounds in which the difference between the sum of amino groups plus hydroxyl groups plus inert groups and the sum of hydroxyl groups plus inert groups is 2.+-.

Abstract: Novel compounds have a formula (I) ##STR1## wherein ##STR2## represents a bicyclo [2,2,1] hept-2Z-ene, bicyclo [2,2,1] heptane, 7-oxa-bicyclo [2,2,1] hept-2Z-ene, 7-oxa-bicyclo [2,2,1] heptane, bicyclo [2,2,2] oct-2Z-ene or bicyclo [2,2,2] octane substituted at the 5-position by the group R.sup.1 and at the 6-position by the group ANR.sup.2 R, a 6,6-dimethyl-bicyclo [3,1,1] heptane substituted at the 2-position by the group R.sup.1 and at the 3-position by the group ANR.sup.2 R or at the 2-position by the group ANR.sup.2 R and at the 3-position by the group R.sup.1, a cyclohex-1-ene or cyclohexane substituted at the 4-position by the group R.sup.1 and at the 5-position by the group ANR.sup.2 R or a 1-hydroxycyclopentane substituted at the 2-position by the group R.sup.1 and at the 2-position by the group ANR.sup.2 R, R.sup.

Abstract: The growth of turf grass can be retarded by applying to said turf grass an effective growth retarding amount of a compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, and R.sub.3 are independently hydrogen, halogen, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, or haloalkyl; R.sub.4 is hydrogen; C.sub.1-4 alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, haloalkyl; C.sub.1-2 alkylamino, C.sub.1-2 alkylthio, C.sub.2-4 cycloalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkoxyalkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkylthiomethyl, amino, phenoxy, phenamino, or furan; and R.sub.5 is hydrogen or C.sub.1-4 alkyl.

Abstract: Aromatic polyamines containing aromatic primary amino groups as well as urethane and polyester groups are made by hydrolyzing an isocyanate in the presence of a basic material and water to form a carbamate and then converting the carbamate groups to amino groups. The isocyanate starting material contains aromatic isocyanate groups (as well as urethane and polyester groups) and has an NCO content of from 0.5 to 11.5 wt %. The basic compound is selected from alkali metal hydroxides, alkaline earth metal hydroxides, alkali metal silicates, alkali metal sulfides, alkali metal cyanides, tetraalkylammonium hydroxides and mixtures thereof. Water is used in a quantity such that at least one mole of water is present for each equivalent of NCO groups. The carbamate groups may be converted to amino groups by treating the carbamate-containing mixture with a proton donor or with heat or with a solvent. The product polyamines are particularly useful in the production of polyurethanes.

Abstract: The instant invention relates to a membrane solvent extraction and reaction system. More particularly it pertains to an improvement in the membrane solvent extraction system wherein a solute is extracted through a polymeric membrane from one solvent liquid phase to an extracting solvent liquid without direct contact between the liquid phases which are separated by the membrane and in which the extracting solvent has no greater solubility and usually substantially less solubility for the solute than the feed solvent. The impovement comprises converting the solute permeating across the membrane to a different chemical compound, whereby a high concentration gradient for the solute across the membrane is maintained to improve the separation of the solute from the feed solvent liquid phase.

Abstract: Polyether-based urethane-group-containing polyamines containing polymers and/or copolymers of unsaturated monomers and, optionally, urea and/or biuret and/or allophanate groups are produced by (a) reacting an NCO-prepolymer in aqueous alkaline solution at 0.degree. to 40.degree. C. to form a carbamate; (b) converting this carbamate to an amine by adding an ion exchanger to the reaction mixture; and (c) separating the polyamine from the reaction mixture. The NCO-prepolymers used as starting materials are prepolymers of (i) polyalkylene ether polyols having a molecular weight of from 1,000 to 10,000 containing from 1 to 60 wt. % of graft (co)polymers of unsaturated monomers; and (ii) excess molar quantities of organic polyisocyanate; and optionally, (iii) a low molecular weight chain-extending agent. The product polyamines have a molecular weight of from 1,000 to 10,000 and contain from 0.65 to 59.3 wt. % graft (co)polymer and from 0.11 to 2.9 wt. % terminal NH.sub.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel cyanourea compounds of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is the organic moiety of a polyisocyanate remaining after reaction of the isocyanate groups to form cyanourea groups and n is at least 2. The compound can be polymerized at room temperature to form a polymer having the recurring structural formula: ##STR2## i.e., N,N'-biscarbamyl-N-cyanoguanidine units connected together through the R group of the carbamyl moiety and m is greater than 2, or can be cured to a thermoset material on heating above 90.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a urea derivative having the formula: ##STR1## in which A represents a straight- or branched-chain alkyl group having 1-20 carbon atoms, an aryl group, or a heterocyclic group, and each of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 represents hydrogen, a straight- or branched-chain alkyl group having 1-20 carbon atoms, an alicyclic group, or an aryl groups, which comprises:reacting sodium salt of an N-halogenamide with a quaternary ammonium salt to obtain its addition salt and then,reacting said addition salt with an amine derivative in the absence or presence of an organic solvent.

Abstract: Sulfonyl or carbonyl derivatives of inositols are found to be effective phospholipase C inhibitors and thereby potent anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents. These inositol derivatives are prepared by condensation of a protected inositol with a substituted sulfonic or carboxylic acid derivative followed by removal of protecting groups.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for selectively making trans-cyclohexane-1,4-diisocyanate, trans-cyclohexane-1,4-diamine, a trans-cyclohexane-1,4-diurethane, a trans-cyclohexane-1,4-diurea and trans-cyclohexane-1,4-disulphonyl urea by reacting ammonia with a mixture of cis and trans-cyclohexane-1,4-dicarboxylic acid, a lower alkyl ester, a glycol ester, an oligomeric ester or a polyester to make a solid trans-dicarboxylic acid diamide in a first step. The diamide is chlorinated to form cyclohexane-1,4-dicarboxylic acid-bis-N-chloramide.

Abstract: Prostaglandin and prostacyclin compounds which are fluorine substituted in any one or more of the following positions 4,4; 7,7; 10,10; and 5.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of substituted urea derivatives, and compositions and concentrates for the same purpose are disclosed. According to the process the substituted urea derivatives of formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R is hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl or aralkyl, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkinyl, alkoxy, oxyalkyl, cycloalkyl, aralkyl, alkoxycarbonylalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for selectively making trans-cyclohexane-1,4-diisocyanate, trans-cyclohexane-1,4-diamine, a trans-cyclohexane-1,4-diurethane, a transcyclohexane-1,4-diurea and trans-cyclohexane-1,4-disulphonyl urea by reacting ammonia with a mixture of cis and trans cyclohexane-1,4-dicarboxylic acid, a lower alkyl ester, a glycol ester, an oligomeric ester or a polyester to make a solid trans-dicarboxylic acid diamide in a first step. The diamide is chlorinated to form trans-cyclohexane-1,4-dicarboxylic acid-bis-N-chloramide.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is lower alkenyl or lower alkynyl; R.sup.2 is lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl or cycloalkyl; R.sup.3 is hydrogen; R.sup.4 is alkyl, cycloalkyl or lower alkoxycarbonylalkyl or R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are joined to form dimethyleneoxy (i.e. --CH.sub.2 OCH.sub.2 --) or R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached, form a 5- to 6- membered heterocyclic ring, compositions containing said compounds and a method of employing said compounds as arthropod repellents.

Abstract: Method of treating atherosclerosis with dialkylureas and dialkylthioureas, compositions thereof and processes for their preparation.

Abstract: A compound having a terminal isocyanate group is hydrolyzed to produce a polyamine having a urethane and/or a urea and/or a biuret group. More particularly, a carbamate is made by mixing an isocyanate prepolymer having urethane and/or urea and/or biuret groups present with aqueous base solutions at a temperature of from 0.degree. to 0.degree. C. and in quantities such that the equivalent ratio of hydroxyl to isocyanate groups is between from 0.3:1 to .gtoreq.1.01 to 1. The carbamate is then treated with an acid ion exchanger to form an amine. The amine is then removed from any other material which may be present. A preferred polyamine thus-produced corresponds to the general formula: ##STR1## in which each R radical may represent a divalent straight or branched-chain aliphatic radical; a divalent cycloaliphatic radical; a 4,4'- and/or a 2,4'-dicyclohexylmethane radical; or a 2,4- and/or 2,6-methyl cyclohexane radical.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel aminoalkyl substituted nitrosourea derivatives as well as their acid addition salts with pharmaceutically acceptable acids showing pronounced antineoplastic effectiveness in animal experiments.The novel compounds of the present invention may be represented by the following formula: ##STR1## wherein X and Y are the same or different, and are selected from the group consisting of a phenyl group and a cyclohexyl group, said phenyl and cyclohexyl groups being optionally substituted with one or two substituents selected from a halogen atom, a lower alkyl group having from one to four carbon atoms inclusive, a trifluore methyl group, a cyano group, a phenyl group, a cyclohexyl group and a lower alkyloxy group having from one to four carbon atoms inclusive."Alkylene" is an alkylene group, branched or unbranched, having from one to four carbon atoms inclusive, and R.sup.1 and R.sup.

Abstract: N-Cycloalkyl-N'-substituted-N'-acyl-ureas of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 is cycloalkyl,R.sup.2 is cycloalkyl or optionally substituted phenyl, andR.sup.3 is cycloalkyl or substituted phenyl,which are active against plant bacteria.

Abstract: The invention provides compounds of general formula ##STR1## and physiologically acceptable salts, hydrates and bioprecursors thereof, in whichY and Z, which may be the same or different, each represent oxygen, sulphur, =CHNO.sub.2 or =NR.sub.3 where R.sub.3 is hydrogen, nitro, cyano, lower alkyl, aryl, alkylsulphonyl or arylsulphonyl;p has a value from 2 to 12;R.sub.1 represents ##STR2## in which R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 which may be the same or different, each represent hydrogen, lower alkyl, cycloalkyl, lower alkenyl, aralkyl or lower alkyl interrupted by an oxygen atom or a group >N-R.sub.6 in which R.sub.6 represents hydrogen or lower alkyl, or R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a 5 to 7-membered saturated heterocyclic ring which may contain an additional oxygen atom or the group >NR.sub.

Abstract: Novel polyureas of the formula: ##STR1## wherein n is 9 to 18, m is 2 to 10, X and Y are each either ethyl, methyl or a hydrogen atom and R=aromatic, aliphatic or cycloaliphatic, are described herein. These polyureas are particularly useful as thickening agents for lubricating oils to make greases. The polyureas may be prepared by reacting the aminated products of propoxylated fatty alcohols with organic polyisocyanates. The reaction is a simple process requiring no heat. Very low levels of the resulting polyureas are required to thicken oils of lubricating viscosity into greases which have good high temperature stability.

Abstract: Crosslinked random acrylate-ureadiacetoacetamide-diacetoacetamide copolymers are disclosed. These copolymers are prepared by the reaction of at least one polyfunctional acrylate with at least one ureadiacetoacetamide and at least one diacetoacetamide in the presence of a catalyst capable of promoting the reaction between the polyfunctional acrylate, the ureadiacetoacetamide, and the diacetoacetamide. In a preferred embodiment, the copolymers are employed to produce wear layer compositions for surface coverings.

Abstract: A process for producing a flame resistant rigid polyurethane foam by reacting a reaction mixture comprising a polyetherpolyol and/or a polyesterpolyol having an active hydrogen atom, a polyisocyanate, water and/or a volatile foaming agent and an emulsifying agent, in which a specific amine compound shown by the general formula as defined hereinafter in the specification is added to the reaction system, the weight ratio of amine compound to polyetherpolyol and/or polyesterpolyol being from 70:30 to 30:70, and also the flame resistant rigid polyurethane foam produced by the process.