Abstract: The present invention relates to the compounds of the formula (1) and to organic electroluminescent devices, in particular blue-emitting devices, in which these compounds are used as host material or dopant in the emitting layer and/or as hole-transport material and/or as electron-transport material.

Abstract: A process for benzylating an alcohol includes mixing 2-benzyloxy-1-methylpyridinium triflate in an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent having a predetermined boiling point; adding an acid scavenger to the mixture; combining the alcohol to be benzylated with the mixture; reacting the alcohol with the 2-benzyloxy-1-methylpyridinium triflate by heating above ambient temperature to generate the benzylated alcohol; and separating the benzylated alcohol from the mixture.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the synthesis of chiral epoxides via a catalytic asymmetric oxidation of olefins. Additionally, the methodology provides a method of asymmetrically oxidizing sulfides and phosphines. This asymmetric oxidation employs a catalyst system composed of a metal and a chiral bishydroxamic acid ligand, which, in the presence of a stoichiometric oxidation reagent, serves to asymmetrically oxidize a variety of substrates.

Abstract: An optically active sulfoxide compound that is useful as an intermediate for synthesis or an active ingredient of a physiologically active substance such as a pharmaceutical agent is produced at a high optical purity. A process for producing an optically active sulfoxide compound of formula (4) comprises oxidizing a sulfide compound of formula (3) in the presence of an optically active metal complex of formula (1), (1?), (2) or (2?) by using an oxidizing agent. The present invention is also directed to the optically active metal complex.

Abstract: The present invention provides polyoxyalkylene ammonium imide or methide salts and their use as antistatic agents. Another embodiment provides articles comprising these salts, and processes for making and using these salts.

Abstract: Disclosed are hydrogel compositions formed by the mixture of a tetramethylmethane substituted with one or more polyethylene glycols, and wherein each polyethylene glycol substituent is independently further substituted with one or more electrophilic groups, and a tetramethylmethane substituted with one or more polyethylene glycols, and wherein each polyethylene glycol substituent is independently further substituted with one or more nucleophilic groups. Disclosed are also methods of preparing the above hydrogels. The hydrogel compositions can further comprise pharmaceuticals, such as analgesics or local anesthetics. Disclosed are also methods of sealing a wound, preventing post-surgical adhesion, and reducing post-surgical pain using the disclosed hydrogels.

Abstract: High purity isotopically labeled phosphonic acid esters can be obtained from isotopically enriched Chloro[13C]methyl phenyl sulfide The labeled phosphonic acid esters can then be used as precursors for the one step production of labeled vinyl sulfides, labeled vinyl sulfoxides, and labeled vinyl sulfones. The labeled phosphonic acid esters can also be reacted with a variety of aldehydes to produce extended vinyl systems that are isotopically labeled.

Abstract: 3-Arylphenyl sulfide derivatives represented by general formula (I): (wherein R is a C2-C6 alkyl group, a C2-C6 alkenyl group, a C2-C6 alkynyl group or the like, B0 to B2 and B3 are hydrogen atoms, halogen atoms, cyano groups, C1-C4 haloalkyl groups or the like, n is 0, 1 or 2, and Ar is a phenyl ring, a pyridine ring, a thiophene ring, a pyrazole ring or the like), and insecticides and miticides containing the 3-arylphenyl sulfide derivatives as an active ingredient.

Abstract: Methods and reagents are disclosed for pretreating a sample suspected of containing a hydrophobic drug for conducting an assay method for detecting the hydrophobic drug. A combination is provided in a medium. The combination comprises (i) the sample, (ii) a releasing agent for releasing the hydrophobic drug and the metabolites from endogenous binding moieties, and (iii) a selective solubility agent that provides for substantially equal solubility of the hydrophobic drug and the metabolites in the medium. The selective solubility agent comprises a water miscible, non-volatile organic solvent and is present in the medium in a concentration sufficient to provide for substantially equal solubility of the hydrophobic drug and the metabolites in the medium. The medium, which may further comprise a hemolytic agent, is incubated under conditions for releasing the hydrophobic drug and the metabolites from endogenous binding moieties.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the treatment of an aqueous mixture comprising a dipolar aprotic compound, comprising: a) an adsorption step, in which the aqueous mixture is brought into contact with a porous adsorbent, whereby the porous adsorbent is chosen such that the dipolar aprotic compound adsorbs to it more readily than water; b) a desorption step, in which the porous adsorbent is brought into contact with a desorbing agent, whereby a recovery solution is formed comprising the desorbing agent and the dipolar aprotic compound.

Abstract: The invention provides novel six and seven-carbon termini-differentiated polypropionate stereotetrads and stereopentads useful in syntheses of natural products. The invention also provides a novel alkylative sulfenylation-desulfonylation process that efficiently transforms enantiopure epoxyvinyl sulfones to syn and anti dienylsulfides in two operations.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing an organic oxide, wherein a substrate is oxidized using hypohalous acid, hypohalous acid salt, chlorine, bromine or iodine in the presence of water and a catalytic amount of a compound represented by the following formula (I): R1—X1—NY—R2, wherein: X1 represents —CO— or —SO2—; Y represents a hydrogen atom, a potassium atom, a sodium atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom or an iodine atom; R1 represents a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon group, —NYR3 group or —OR3 group (in the formulae, R3 represents a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon group, and Y represents the same meaning as defined above); and R2 represents a hydrogen atom or —CO—R4 group (in the formula, R4 represents a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon group, —NYR5 group or —OR5 group (in the formulae, R5 represents a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon group, and Y represents the same meaning as defined above)); or R1 and R4 may bind to each other to form a further substi

Abstract: The disclosed process relates to the removal of malodorous compounds from dimethyl sulfoxide.

Abstract: Sulfonate-, sulfate-, or carboxylate-capped, alkoxylated anti-misting agents having the structure: R((AO)nX)m((AO)nH)p, and methods of suppressing mist from electrolyte solutions by adding a mist-suppressing amount of one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of compounds of the Formulas R((AO)nX)m((AO)nH)p and R3N+(CH3)2R4, and mixtures thereof, to electrolyte solutions.

Abstract: The present invention provides a compound of the formula (I) wherein R is —H, or —C1-C4 alkyl; R1 is —H, —OH, —O(C1-C4 alkyl), —SO2(C1-C4 alkyl), or halo; X is —O—, —CH2—, or —C(O)—; X1 is —O— or —NR2—; R2 is —H or —CH3; Y is —S—, —CH2CH2—, or —HC?CH—; m is 0, 1, 2, or 3; and n is 0 or 1; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; pharmaceutical compositions thereof; and methods for inhibiting a disease associated with an aberrant physiological response to endogenous estrogen.

Abstract: 1,5-Dithiaocta-2,7-diene-5-oxide-1-yl (DODOyl) compounds and derivatives thereof, referred to collectively as DODOyl-derived compounds (DDCs), and chiral enantiomers and derivatives thereof, are described, which are integrin modulators that modulate integrin-mediated functions and/or processes. Pharmaceutical compositions containing integrin modulators and chiral enantiomers thereof, and methods for using integrin modulators and chiral enantiomers thereof are further described.

Abstract: This invention provides compounds and methods for treating, with said compound, a mycobacterial infection by administering to an animal a pharmaceutical composition containing a compound having the formula R—SOn-Z-CO—Y, where R is an alkyl groups having 6-20 carbon atoms, unsaturated hydrocarbon groups having 6-20 carbon atoms, or alkyl groups having 6-20 carbon atoms interrupted by at least one aromatic ring; Z is —CH2—, —CH2CH2—, —NH—NH—, —O—, ——NH—, —O—NH—, —CH2—NH—, —CH2—O—, —NH—O—, —NH—CH2—, —O—CH2—, and —CH?CH—; Y is —NH2, —O—CH2—C6H5, —CO—CO—O—CH3, and —O—CH3; and n is 1 or 2. It has been discovered that these compounds treat microbially-based infections caused by corynebacteria, nocardiae, rhodococcus, and mycobacteria. These compounds may be used to treat mycobacterial cells, such as Mycobacteria tuberculosis, drug resistant M. tuberculosis, M. avium intracellulare, M. leprae, M. paratuberculosis, and pathogenic Mycobacteria sp.

Abstract: A sulfonium salt compound excelling in transparency to deep ultraviolet rays at a wavelength of 220 nm or less, exhibiting well-balanced excellent performance such as sensitivity, resolution, pattern form, LER, and storage stability when used as a photoacid generator, a photoacid generator comprising the sulfonium salt compound, and a positive-tone radiation-sensitive resin composition containing the photoacid generator. The sulfonium salt compound is shown by the following formula (I), wherein R1 represents a halogen atom, an alkyl group, a monovalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group, an alkoxyl group, or —OR3 group, wherein R3 is a monovalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group, R2 represents a (substituted)-alkyl group or two or more R2 groups form a cyclic structure, p is 0-7, q is 0-6, n is 0-3, and X? indicates a sulfonic acid anion. The positive-tone radiation-sensitive resin composition comprises (A) a photoacid generator of the sulfonium-salt compound and (B) an acid-dissociable group-containing resin.

Abstract: A process for producing 4-isopropoxy-4?-hydroxydiphenyl sulfone useful as the developer for leuco dyes to be used in thermosensible papers, which is excellent in productivity, economical efficiency and safety and permits the production of the compounds from constantly available raw materials. This process is improved in productivity and economical efficiency as compared with those of the prior art both by shortening the production time by the use of an isopropyl iodide, which is more reactive than isopropyl bromide which have been used in the prior art.

Abstract: Elastomers which have excellent stability to prevent oxidative, thermal, dynamic, light-induced and/or ozone-induced degradation comprise, as stabilizers, at least one compound of the formula I [R—S(?O)m—CH2—CH(OH)—CH2]n—N(R1)2-n—R2, ??(I) in which R is C4–C20alkyl, hydroxyl-substituted C4–C20alkyl; phenyl, benzyl, ?-methylbenzyl, ?,?-dimethylbenzyl, cyclohexyl or —(CH2)qCOOR3, and, if m is 0, R may additionally be and, if n is 1 and R4 is hydrogen, R may additionally be R2—R1N—CH2—CH(OH)—CH2—S(?O)m—(CH2)x— or R2—R1N—CH2—CH(OH)—CH2—S(?O)m—CH2—CH2—(O—CH2—CH2)y—, R1 is hydrogen, cyclohexyl or C3–C12alkyl, R2 is R3 is C1-C18alkyl, R4 is hydrogen or —CH2—CH(OH)—CH2—S(?O)m—R, X is C1–C8alkyl, Y is C1–C8alkyl, m is 0 or 1, n is 1 or 2, q is 1 or 2, x is from 2 to 6, and y is 1 or 2. The compounds of the formula I are also suitable as stabilizers for elastomers to prevent contact discoloration of substrates coming into contact with elastomers.

Abstract: This invention relates to new antiestrogens of the general formula in which the substituents have the meanings that are explained in more detail in the description. The new compounds are a) pure antiestrogens or b) antiestrogens with partial estrogenic action (tissue-selective estrogens). Based on these properties, the new compounds are suitable for the production of pharmaceutical agents: in the case of a), for example, for the treatment of breast cancer; in the case of b), for example, for hormone replacement therapy.

Abstract: Novel compositions containing SF4—O—CF3 bonded to an organic group are disclosed. Aryl trifluoromethoxytetrafluorosulfuranes (or Ar—SF4—O—CF3), have been synthesized via the reaction of an aryl disulfide or thiol with fluoroxytrifluoromethane (F3COF). The compositions are useful synthons, which may be derivatized to yield highly electrically polar molecules, particularly novel liquid crystal compositions having high dielectric anisotropies. Cycloalkyl trifluoromethoxytetrafluorosulfuranes have similar utility.

Abstract: Phenolic compounds of general formula (I); and recording materials characterized by containing one of them and exhibiting high light stability wherein R1 and R2 are each hydrogen or C1-C6 alkyl; m is an integer of 1 to 6; n is an integer of 0 to 2; p and t are each an integer of 0 to 3 with the proviso that not both are simultaneously 0; R3 and R4 are each nitro, carboxyl, halogeno, C1-C6 alkyl, or the like; q and u are each an integer of 0 to 2 with the proviso that when q or u is 2, R3s or R4s may be different from each other; and Y is CO or NR5CO (wherein R5 is hydrogen or the like), with the proviso that when Y is CO, p is 1 and that when p is 0 and Y is NR5CO, n is not 0.

Abstract: A process for the oxidation of thioethers to sulfoxides or sulfones or for the oxidation of sulfoxides to sulfones by treatment of thioethers or sulfoxides with an oxidizing amount of ?-phthalimidoperhexanoic acid is particularly useful for the preparation of compounds of industrial interest, in particular pharmaceuticals for human or veterinary use.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to C2-disubstituted indan-1-ol systems of the Formula I, physiologically acceptable salts and physiologically functional derivatives thereof, and pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds, salts, and derivatives, which are useful for reducing weight, for the prophylaxis or treatment of obesity, and for the prophylaxis or treatment of type II diabetes in mammals. The invention is directed also to methods for reducing weight and such treatments and prophylaxis. The invention is directed also to processes for the preparation of such compounds.

Abstract: Inhibitors of the cytosolic phospholypase A2 enzymes are provided which are of use in controlling a wide variety of inflammatory diseases. The inhibitors of the present invention have the general formula wherein X, Z, X1, R1, R2, Ra, Rb, R3, R4 and Y are as defined in the specification.

Abstract: Derivatives of C2-substituted indan-1-ol compounds of formula I: its physiologically acceptable salts, and its physiologically functional derivatives for the prophylaxis or treatment of obesity are disclosed herein. Compositions comprising the same, methods for preparing the instant compounds, and methods for reducing weight in mammals and for the prophylaxis or treatment of obesity are also described.

Abstract: A novel photoacid generator containing a structure of the following formula (I), wherein R is a monovalent organic group with a fluorine content of 50 wt % or less, a nitro group, a cyano group, or a hydrogen atom, and Z1 and Z2 are individually a fluorine atom or a linear or branched perfluoroalkyl group having 1-10 carbon atoms, is provided. When used in a chemically amplified radiation-sensitive resin composition, the photoacid generator exhibits high transparency, comparatively high combustibility, and no bioaccumulation, and produces an acid exhibiting high acidity, high boiling point, moderately short diffusion length in the resist coating, and low dependency to mask pattern density.

Abstract: This invention describes the new benzocycloheptenes of general formula I in which R1, R2 and SK have the meanings that are indicated in the description. The new compounds have selective estrogenic activity on bones and are suitable for the production of pharmaceutical agents, especially for prophylaxis and therapy of osteoporosis.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing a mixture of 4,4?- and 2,4?-dihydroxydiphenylsulfones comprising heating trihydroxytriphenyldisulfone or a mixture of dihydroxydiphenylsulfone isomers containing trihydroxytriphenyldisulfone in the presence of phenol and an acid catalyst.

Abstract: A photoacid compound having the following general structure: R—O(CF2)nSO3X wherein n is an integer between about 1 to 4; R is selected from the group consisting of: substituted or unsubstituted C1-C12 linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted araalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted bicycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted tricycloalkyl, hydrogen, alkyl sulfonic acid, substituted or unsubstituted perfluoroalkyl, the general structure F((CF2)pO)m(CF2)q— wherein p is between about 1 to 4, m is between about 0 to 3 and q is between about 1 to 4, and substituted or unsubstituted partially fluorinated alkyl, halofluoroalkyl, perfluoroalkylsulfonic, or glycidyl; and X is selected from the group consisting of: organic cations and covalently bonded organic radicals.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to selective LXR modulators, small molecule compounds corresponding to Formula I and is further directed to a process of treating a condition in a mammal that is modulated by LXR using a therapeutically effective dose of a compound of Formula I.

Abstract: Polysubstituted indan-1-ol compounds of formula I, its physiologically acceptable salts and physiologically functional derivatives are disclosed Compositions comprising the same, methods of preparation and methods for the prophylaxis or treatment of obesity are also disclosed herein.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel sulfoxide and bis-sulfoxide compounds, compositions comprising sulfoxide and bis-sulfoxide compounds, and methods useful for treating and preventing cardiovascular diseases, dyslipidemias, dysproteinemias, and glucose metabolism disorders comprising administering a composition comprising an ether compound. The compounds, compositions, and methods of the invention are also useful for treating and preventing Alzheimer's Disease, Syndrome X, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-related disorders, septicemia, thrombotic disorders, obesity, pancreatitis, hypertension, renal disease, cancer, inflammation, and impotence. In certain embodiments, the compounds, compositions, and methods of the invention are useful in combination therapy with other therapeutics, such as hypocholesterolemic and hypoglycemic agents.

Abstract: A process for the oxidation of thioethers to sulfoxides or sulfones or for the oxidation of sulfoxides to sulfones by treatment of thioethers or sulfoxides with an oxidizing amount of &egr;-phthalimidoperhexanoic acid is particularly useful for the preparation of compounds of industrial interest, in particular pharmaceuticals for human or veterinary use.

Abstract: Improved polymer-immobilized photosensitizer are disclosed as well as methods of preparing and using them. The polymer-immobilized photosensitizers comprise a cross-linked polymer backbone, a plurality of cationic ammonium or phosphonium groups covalently bound to the polymer backbone and an immobilized photosensitizer. The average total number of carbon atoms in the ammonium or phosphonium group is at least four and preferably at least 12. The photosensitizer can be either covalently or ionically bound to the polymer. Polymer-supported photosensitizers of the invention are unexpectedly superior in catalyzing the photosensitized oxidation of compounds containing carbon-carbon double bonds.

Abstract: Fluorocarbon compounds are synthesized by reacting a substrate hydrocarbyl compound containing at least one sp3-hybridized halophoric carbon atom bearing at least two halogen atom substituents, at least one of which is a halogen atom having an atomic number greater than that of fluorine and the at least one halophoric carbon atom being bonded to at least one chalcogen, with at least one reactant which comprises a complex of a Bronstedt base with a defined amount n of hydrofluoric acid, n being at least 3 and not greater than 20.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to labeled compounds, [2H1, 13C], [2H2, 13C] and [2H3, 13C]methyl aryl sulfones and [2H1, 13C], [2H2, 13C] and [2H3, 13C]methyl aryl sulfoxides, wherein the 13C methyl group attached to the sulfur of the sulfone or sulfoxide includes exactly one, two or three deuterium atoms and the aryl group is selected from the group consisting of 1-naphthyl, substituted 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, substituted 2-naphthyl, and phenyl groups with the structure: wherein R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 are each independently, hydrogen, a C1-C4 lower alkyl, a halogen, an amino group from the group consisting of NH2, NHR and NRR′ where R and R′ are each a C1-C4 lower alkyl, a phenyl, or an alkoxy group. The present invention is also directed to processes of preparing methyl aryl sulfones and methyl aryl sulfoxides.

Abstract: The invention aims at providing novel sulfur compounds, molecular compounds containing the same as the component compound, and so on. The above aim is achieved by using sulfur compounds of the general formula (I) wherein Rs are each independently hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted aryl, chloro, or bromo; m is an integer of 0, 1, or 2; and Z is a group represented by any of the general formulae (II) to (V) (wherein R and m are each as defined above; W is hydrogen or C1-6 alkyl; and Y is a direct bond, C1-3 alkylene, or phenylene).

Abstract: A process of preparation of optically pure or optically enriched isomers of omeprazole and structurally related sulfoxides is provided. Also provided are an amorphous form of esomeprazole, as well a pharmaceutical composition containing it and a method of using it for treatment of gastric disorders.

Abstract: This invention provides methods for treating a mycobacterial infection by administering to an animal a pharmaceutical composition containing a compound having the formula R—SOn—Z—CO—Y, where R is an alkyl group having 6-20 carbons; Z is a radical selected from —CH2—, —O—, and —NH—, two of these radicals coupled together, or —CH2═CH2—; Y is —NH2, O—CH2—C6H5, —CO—CO—O—CH3, or O—CH3; and n is 1 or 2. It has been discovered that these compounds inhibit growth of microbial cells which synthesize &agr;-substitued, &bgr;-hydroxy fatty acids, particularly corynemycolic acid, nocardic acid, and mycolic acid. These compounds may be used to inhibit growth of mycobacterial cells, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, drug-resistant M. tuberculosis, M. avium intracellulare, and M. leprae.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to labeled compounds, for example, isotopically enriched mustard gas metabolites including: [1,1′,2,2′-13C4]ethane, 1,1′-sulfonylbis[2-(methylthio); [1,1′,2,2′-13C4]ethane, 1-[[2-(methylsulfinyl)ethyl]sulfonyl]-2-(methylthio); [1,1′,2,2′-13C4]ethane, 1,1′-sulfonylbis[2-(methylsulfinyl)]; and, 2,2′-sulfinylbis([1,2-13C2]ethanol of the general formula where Q1 is selected from the group consisting of sulfide (—S—), sulfone (—S(O)—), sulfoxide (—S(O2)—) and oxide (—O—), at least one C* is 13C, X is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and deuterium, and Z is selected from the group consisting of hydroxide (—OH), and —Q2—R where Q2 is selected from the group consisting of sulfide (—S—), sulfone(—S(O)—), sulfoxide (—S(O2)—) an

Abstract: The present invention relates to an oxidation reaction catalyzed by a reaction controlled phase-transfer catalyst having the general formula of [(R1)(R2)(R3)(R4)N]xHy[A]A] or QmMO3(L). The catalysts themselves are not soluble in the reaction medium, but can form an active species that is soluble in the reaction medium under the action of one of the reactants. The active species can in turn react selectively with another reactant. When one of the reactants is completely consumed, the catalyst will separate out from the reacting system and can be recovered by means of simple separation method. The recovered catalyst can be recycled with comparable efficiency as that of the original catalyst. The separation of said catalyst is similar to that of heterogeneous catalyst while said catalyst will completely exhibit the characteristics of homogeneous catalyst during the reaction.

Abstract: In the process according to the invention for the manufacture of an alkanesulphonyl chloride RCH2—SO2Cl by oxidative chlorolysis of the corresponding mercaptan RCH2—SH, the mercaptan and water are introduced into the reaction mixture in the form of a dispersion of water in the mercaptan.

Abstract: A method of oxidizing primary and secondary alcohols to an aldehyde or ketone using a fluorous sulfoxide or a fluorous sulfide is disclosed. The method includes regenerating and recycling the fluorous sulfoxide.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula: having two double bonds which are activated so that they will take part in a polymerization reaction, the double bonds being sufficiently close together to ensure that cyclopolymerization will preferentially occur. These compounds are used as monomers which preferentially are cyclopolymerized under the influence of ultraviolet or thermal radiation in the production of network polymers, for example coatings or binders.

Abstract: The invention aims at providing novel sulfur compounds, molecular compounds containing the same as the component compound, and so on. The above aim is achieved by using sulfur compounds of the general formula (I) wherein Rs are each independently hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C2-6 alkenyl, optionally substituted aryl, chloro, or bromo; m is an integer of 0, 1, or 2; and Z is a group represented by any of the general formulae (II) to (V) (wherein R and m are each as defined above; W is hydrogen or C1-6 alkyl; and Y is a direct bond, C1-3 alkylene, or phenylene).

Abstract: A method of oxidizing primary and secondary alcohols to an aldehyde or ketone using a fluorous sulfoxide or a fluorous sulfide is disclosed. The method includes regenerating and recycling the fluorous sulfoxide.

Abstract: Processes for oxidizing hydrocarbons using a new family of crystalline manganese phosphate compositions have been developed. These compositions have an extended network which network can be a one-, two-, or three-dimensional network. The composition has an empirical formula of: (Aa+)v(Mnb+)(Mc+)xPyOz where A is a structure directing agent such as an alkali metal, M is a metal such as Al, Fe3+ and “b” is the average manganese oxidation state and varies from greater than 2.0 to a maximum of 3.0. Specific oxidation processes are oxidative dehydrodimerization and oxidative dehydrogenation.

Abstract: A compound of formula (I): 1