Abstract: Provided by the present disclosure are a method and a device for preparing 2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutyric acid and intermediates thereof; the intermediates for preparing 2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutyric acid comprise 3-methylthiopropionaldehyde and 2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutyronitrile. The method for preparing 2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutyric acid provided by the present disclosure comprises: step (1), a step of reacting acrolein with methyl mercaptan to prepare 3-methylthiopropionaldehyde; step (2), a step of reacting 3-methylthiopropionaldehyde with hydrocyanic acid to prepare 2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutyronitrile; and step (3), a step of hydrating 2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutyronitrile by using sulfuric acid and then hydrolyzing to prepare 2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutyric acid; wherein in steps (1), (2) and (3), the reaction status of the materials is detected online, and the proportions of the materials are controlled according to the detection results such that reactions are performed completely.

Abstract: A substrate with a decorative material includes a substrate, a white colored layer, and a light shielding layer in this order, and the light shielding layer contains a black pigment and a graft type silicone polymer. It is preferable that the graft type silicone polymer is a compound represented by Formula 1 described below.

Abstract: A catalyst is described that is useful for catalytic pyrolysis of biomass to produce a pyrolysis product. The catalyst includes (i) matrix material comprising a support and/or binder, and (ii) at least one metal oxide on the matrix material, wherein the metal oxide comprises metal selected from the group consisting of tungsten, chromium, cobalt, molybdenum, nickel, and combinations thereof. Corresponding catalytic pyrolysis processes and catalytic pyrolysis apparatus are disclosed, in which the catalyst enables the production of low oxygen content, stable liquid intermediates that can be refined to make liquid hydrocarbon fuels.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for thermally after-burning the waste gas flows developing during the production of acrolein in a gas phase process and for thermally after-burning the waste gas flows developing during the production of hydrocyanic acid in a gas phase process, characterized in that the waste gas flows from the production of acrolein and the waste gas flows from the production of hydrocyanic acid are supplied to a joint thermal after-burning process.

Abstract: There is disclosed a mutant, non-naturally occurring or transgenic plant cell comprising: (i) a polynucleotide comprising, consisting or consisting essentially of a sequence encoding a threonine synthase and having at least 90% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:1, SEQ ID NO:2 or SEQ ID NO:3 or at least 87% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:4, or SEQ ID NO:5; (ii) a polypeptide encoded by any one of said polynucleotides set forth in (i); or (iii) a polypeptide having at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO:6, SEQ ID NO:7 or SEQ ID NO:8; or (iv) a construct, vector or expression vector comprising the polynucleotide as set forth in (i).

Abstract: The present relates to a method and a kit to produce an optically pure ?-sulfenylated carbonyl compound comprising a primary or a secondary propargylic alcohol and an aryl thiol, a transition metal catalyst and a solvent.

Abstract: A process to produce 3-methylmercaptopropionaldehyde is provided.

Abstract: A process for preparing methylmercaptopropionaldehyde in a single reaction unit, is provided. According to the preferred embodiment, the process comprises, simultaneously contacting a gaseous mixture comprising acrolein with a liquid mixture comprising methylmercaptopropionaldehyde, methyl mercaptan, a catalyst and methylmercaptopropionaldehyde methyl thiohemiacetal in the reactive absorber; absorbing the acrolein from the gaseous mixture into the liquid mixture; reacting the absorbed acrolein with the methyl mercaptan or the methylmercaptopropionaldehyde methyl thiohemiacetal to obtain methylmercapto-propionaldehyde; removing gaseous impurities and by-products from the liquid mixture; and separating the obtained methylmercaptopropionaldehyde product from the reactive absorber, directing a portion of the separated product to storage or further processing and recycling the remaining portion to the reactive absorber; wherein the methyl mercaptan optionally comprises dimethyl sulfide or dimethyl ether.

Abstract: A method of preparing acrolein from glycerol or glycerine is disclosed. The method includes dehydrating glycerol or glycerine in the presence of a catalyst consisting of at least (a) a mixed oxide of zirconium and at least one metal, said metal being selected from niobium, tantalum and vanadium, or (b) a zirconium oxide and at least one metal oxide, the metal being selected from niobium, tantalum and vanadium, or (c) a silicon oxide and a mixed oxide of zirconium and at least one metal, the metal being selected from tungsten, cerium, manganese, niobium, tantalum, titanium, vanadium and silicon, or (d) a titanium oxide and a mixed oxide of zirconium and at least one metal, said metal being selected from tungsten, cerium, manganese, niobium, tantalum, titanium, vanadium and silicon.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing methylmercaptopropionaldehyde (MMP) including at least the following steps: (a) dehydrating glycerol to acrolein from an aqueous solution of glycerol in the presence of an acid catalyst; (b) purifying the aqueous flux from step (a) to obtain a flux of acrolein containing at least 15 wt % of water relative to the acrolein; (c) causing a reaction of the acrolein flux obtained in step (b) with methylmercaptan in the presence of a catalyst; (d) optionally purifying the product obtained in step (c). The method of the invention can also include a reaction of the product obtained in step (c) or (d) with hydrocyanic acid, or sodium cyanide during a step (e) followed by a subsequent transformation to produce methionine or methionine hydroxyanalogue, which can then optionally be purified.

Abstract: A process for preparing methylmercaptopropionaldehyde in a single reaction unit, is provided. According to the preferred embodiment, the process comprises, simultaneously contacting a gaseous mixture comprising acrolein with a liquid mixture comprising methylmercaptopropionaldehyde, methyl mercaptan, a catalyst and methylmercaptopropionaldehyde methyl thiohemiacetal in the reactive absorber; absorbing the acrolein from the gaseous mixture into the liquid mixture; reacting the absorbed acrolein with the methyl mercaptan or the methylmercaptopropionaldehyde methyl thiohemiacetal to obtain methylmercapto-propionaldehyde; removing gaseous impurities and by-products from the liquid mixture; and separating the obtained methylmercaptopropionaldehyde product from the reactive absorber, directing a portion of the separated product to storage or further processing and recycling the remaining portion to the reactive absorber; wherein the methyl mercaptan optionally comprises dimethyl sulfide or dimethyl ether.

Abstract: A process for preparing methylmercaptopropionaldehyde in a single reaction unit, is provided. According to the preferred embodiment, the process comprises, simultaneously contacting a gaseous mixture comprising acrolein with a liquid mixture comprising methylmercaptopropionaldehyde, methyl mercaptan, a catalyst and methylmercaptopropionaldehyde methyl thiohemiacetal in the reactive absorber; absorbing the acrolein from the gaseous mixture into the liquid mixture; reacting the absorbed acrolein with the methyl mercaptan or the methylmercaptopropionaldehyde methyl thiohemiacetal to obtain methylmercapto-propionaldehyde; removing gaseous impurities and by-products from the liquid mixture; and separating the obtained methylmercaptopropionaldehyde product from the reactive absorber, directing a portion of the separated product to storage or further processing and recycling the remaining portion to the reactive absorber; wherein the methyl mercaptan optionally comprises dimethyl sulfide or dimethyl ether.

Abstract: A continuous process for obtaining acrolein by catalytic dehydration of glycerol or glycerin, in the presence of an acid catalyst, wherein said process comprises the concomitant regeneration of said catalyst and is carried out in a fluidized bed reactor, said reactor comprising two zones, a first zone, or lower zone, termed catalyst regeneration zone, in which a fluidization gas comprising oxygen is introduced, and a second zone, or upper zone, termed reaction zone, in which the glycerol or glycerin is introduced and converted into acrolein.

Abstract: Microwave irradiation is used to synthesize graphene and metallic nanocatalysts supported on graphene either by solid or solution phase. In solid phase methods, no solvents or additional reducing agents are required so the methods are “environmentally friendly” and economical, and the graphene and nanocatalysts are substantially free of residual contaminants. Recyclable, high efficiency Pd nanocatylysts are prepared by these methods.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for preparing acrolein from glycerol or glycerine, wherein dehydration of the glycerol or glycerine is achieved in the presence of a catalyst based on zirconium oxide and which active phase consists in at least a) a silicon oxide, a zirconium oxide and at least one metal M oxide, said metal being selected from tungsten, cerium, manganese, niobium, tantalum, vanadium and titanium, b) a titanium oxide, a zirconium oxide and at least one metal M oxide, said metal being selected from tungsten, cerium, manganese, niobium, tantalum, vanadium and silicon. This method can be used for making 3-(methylthio)propionic aldehyde MMP, 2-hydroxy-4-,methylthiobutyronitrile HMTBN, methionine and its analogs.

Abstract: To obtain a close-contact multi-layer type diffractive optical element having a homogeneous high-refractive-index and low-dispersion resin layer, an acrylate-terminated oligomer, obtained by allowing excess bifunctional acrylate to react with bifunctional thiol, is used as a resin precursor for the high-refractive-index and low-dispersion resin layer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for preparing 3-(methylthio)propanal which can sufficiently decrease the production of high-boiling impurities as a by-product. The process comprises reacting acrolein and methyl mercaptan in the presence of Allylamines (I), Triallylamines (II), and preferably an optional organic acid. The preferred amount of Allylamines (I) is 0.001 to 0.50 mol per 1 mol of Triallylamines (II).

Abstract: Compositions providing metal-independent phosphorescence due to a directed heavy atom effect are provided. Methods of providing a phosphorescent composition are also provided where a directed heavy atom effect is maintained to cause the composition to be phosphorescent. Manufacture of phosphorescent compositions using intermolecular and intramolecular directed heavy atom effects are disclosed.

Abstract: There is provided a fluorine-containing organosulfur compound having an excellent controlling effect on arthropod pests represented by the formula (I): wherein G represents an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom; R2 represents a C1-C4 chain hydrocarbon group which is optionally substituted with a halogen atom, etc.; R3 and R4 independently represent a C1-C4 chain hydrocarbon group or a hydrogen atom; R5 represents a C1-C5 haloalkyl group containing at least one fluorine atom, or a fluorine atom; R6 represents a halogen atom, a cyano group, a nitro group or a -(G1)q-R8 group; R7 represents an amino group etc.; R8 represents a C1-C4 chain hydrocarbon group which is optionally substituted with a halogen atom; m represents an integer of 0 to 5; n represents an integer of 0 to 2; p represents 0 or 1; q represents 0 or 1; and G1 represents an oxygen atom etc.

Abstract: A process for preparing methylmercaptopropionaldehyde in a single reaction unit, is provided. According to the preferred embodiment, the process comprises, simultaneously contacting a gaseous mixture comprising acrolein with a liquid mixture comprising methylmercaptopropionaldehyde, methyl mercaptan, a catalyst and methylmercaptopropionaldehyde methyl thiohemiacetal in the reactive absorber; absorbing the acrolein from the gaseous mixture into the liquid mixture; reacting the absorbed acrolein with the methyl mercaptan or the methylmercaptopropionaldehyde methyl thiohemiacetal to obtain methylmercapto-propionaldehyde; removing gaseous impurities and by-products from the liquid mixture; and separating the obtained methylmercaptopropionaldehyde product from the reactive absorber, directing a portion of the separated product to storage or further processing and recycling the remaining portion to the reactive absorber; wherein the methyl mercaptan optionally comprises dimethyl sulfide or dimethyl ether.

Abstract: A process is provided capable of producing 3-methylthiopropanal with subgeneration of high-boiling impurities being favorably inhibited. The process for producing 3-methylthiopropanal, includes reacting acrolein with methylmercaptan in the presence of a triallylamine compound represented by the formula (I): wherein each of R1 to R3 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. The reaction of acrolein with methylmercaptan is preferably performed further in the presence of an organic acid. The triallylamine compound represented by the formula (I) is preferably used in an amount of from 0.01 to 1.0 mol based on one mole of the organic acid and in an amount of from 0.1 to 2.0 mmoles based on one mole of methylmercaptan.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for preparing 3-(methylthio)propanal which can sufficiently decrease the production of high-boiling impurities as a by-product. The process comprises reacting acrolein and methyl mercaptan in the presence of Allylamines (I), Triallylamines (II), and preferably an optional organic acid. The preferred amount of Allylamines (I) is 0.001 to 0.50 mol per 1 mol of Triallylamines (II).

Abstract: Alkylthio substituted aldehydes, ketones, esters and sulfones are prepared by reacting ?,?-unsaturated carbonyl and sulfonyl compounds with a sodium or potassium thiolate in the presence of a alkane carboxylic acid and water.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing methylmercaptopropionaldehyde (MMP) including at least the following steps: (a) dehydrating glycerol to acrolein from an aqueous solution of glycerol in the presence of an acid catalyst; (b) purifying the aqueous flux from step (a) to obtain a flux of acrolein containing at least 15 wt % of water relative to the acrolein; (c) causing a reaction of the acrolein flux obtained in step (b) with methylmercaptan in the presence of a catalyst; (d) optionally purifying the product obtained in step (c). The method of the invention can also include a reaction of the product obtained in step (c) or (d) with hydrocyanic acid, or sodium cyanide during a step (e) followed by a subsequent transformation to produce methionine or methionine hydroxyanalogue, which can then optionally be purified.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing aldehydes by reacting an ?,?-unsaturated carboxylic acid or a salt thereof with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst comprising at least one complex of a metal of transition group VIII of the Periodic Table of the Elements with at least one compound of the formula (I), where Pn is pnicogen; W is a divalent bridging group having from 1 to 8 bridge atoms between the flanking bonds; R1 is a functional group capable of forming at least one intermolecular, noncovalent bond with the —X(?O)OH group of the compound of the formula (I); R2, R3 are each in each case optionally substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl or hetaryl or together with the pnicogen atom and together with the groups Y2 and Y3 if present form an optionally fused and optionally substituted 5- to 8-membered heterocycle; a, b and c are each 0 or 1; and Y1,2,3 are each, independently of one another, O, S, NRa or SiRbRc, where Ra,b,c are each H or in each c

Abstract: A process is provided capable of producing 3-methylthiopropanal with subgeneration of high-boiling impurities being favorably inhibited. The process for producing 3-methylthiopropanal, includes reacting acrolein with methylmercaptan in the presence of a triallylamine compound represented by the formula (I): wherein each of R1 to R3 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. The reaction of acrolein with methylmercaptan is preferably performed further in the presence of an organic acid. The triallylamine compound represented by the formula (I) is preferably used in an amount of from 0.01 to 1.0 mol based on one mole of the organic acid and in an amount of from 0.1 to 2.0 mmoles based on one mole of methylmercaptan.

Abstract: A 3-methylthiopropanal is produced by a method comprising the step of supplying an acrolein and a methyl mercaptan together or sequentially with an acidic compound and a basic compound into a reaction system to react the acrolein with the methyl mercaptan, wherein the basic compound is used in an amount of about 0.3 mol or less per mol of the acidic compound. In accordance with the present invention, a 3-methylthiopropanal with high quality is produced while suppressing the production of by-products having high boiling points.

Abstract: A process for preparing acrolein from glycerol using an acidic solid-state catalyst which comprises tungsten compounds and further promoters.

Abstract: Aldehyde-functionalized polyethers containing thiomethylaldehyde groups are described. Also described is a method of preparing the aldehyde-functionalized polyethers. These functionalized polyethers may be useful for protein conjugation, surface modification, and for the formation of hydrogel adhesives and sealants which are useful for medical applications.

Abstract: A process for preparing acrolein from glycerol using an acidic solid-state catalyst which comprises tungsten compounds and further promoters.

Abstract: To provide a compound which has a higher vulcanization efficiency and superior heat aging resistance compared to conventional compounding agents for rubber compositions and which is environmentally friendly. An amine salt compound of a carboxylic acid containing a thermal dissociation portion having the Formula (I): wherein R represents an organic group selected from a C1 to C20 alkyl group, a C3 to C10 cycloalkyl group, a C6 to C20 aryl group and a C7 to C30 alkaryl group, R1, R2 and R3 independently represent a hydrogen atom or a C1 to C20 organic group which may have a heteroatom and/or a substituent group and X represents a C2 to C20 organic group which may have a heteroatom and/or a substituent group and a compounding agent for rubber vulcanization and a rubber composition containing the same.

Abstract: A polymerizable optically active compound of formula (1) has high helical twisting power. When added to a liquid crystal (LC) composition it achieves required helical pitch without largely impairing the physical and optical properties of the LC composition. The compound is suited to be compounded with a LC material, particularly a cholesteric LC material for making an optically anisotropic element excellent in heat resistance, solvent resistance, transparency, optical characteristics, and LC alignment fixing ability. The compound is also useful to form a LC alignment layer, a LC alignment controlling agent, a coating material, a protective film, etc. X1 and X2 each represent a (meth)acryloyloxy group; Y1 and Y2 each represent a single bond, an optionally branched C1-8 alkylene group, an ether linkage, a thioether linkage, —COO—, —OCO—, —OCO—O—, —S—CO—, —CO—S—, an optionally substituted 6-membered ring, an optionally substituted naphthalene ring, or a combination thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the preparation of ?-hydroxy ketones of the general formula I. In particular, the invention relates to novel imidazolinium carboxylate adducts and to a novel process for using catalytic amounts of imidazolium and imidazolinium carboxylate adducts in the acyloin reaction of aldehydes to prepare hydroxy ketones of the general formula I, where R and R? are the same or different and are each H or a straight-chain or branched and optionally substituted C1-C12-alkyl radical, and R??H3CSCH2CH2, t-butyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, an optionally heteroatom-substituted C6-C18-aryl, heteroaryl, C6-C18-arylalkyl, especially phenylmethyl, where phenyl may again be heteroatom-substituted, or heteroalkyl.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are ?-Hydroxy sulfonate aldehydes and synthesis methods therefor. Germicidal compositions including the ?-hydroxy sulfonate aldehydes, are also disclosed. In one aspect, a germicidal composition may include a diluent, and a germicidally effective amount of a water-soluble germicidal compound including an aldehyde group and an ?-hydroxy sulfonate group. The water-soluble compound may have a solubility of at least 5 (w/v) % in water. In a further aspect, the compound may include 1-hydroxy-3-oxo-2-phenyl-propane-1-sulfonic acid salt, (2-formyl-phenyl)-hydroxy-methane sulfonic acid salt, 1-hydroxy-2-(4-methanesulfonyl-2-nitro-phenyl)-3-oxo-propane-1-sulfonic acid salt, 2-bromo-1-hydroxy-3-oxo-propane-1-sulfonic acid salt, 2-chloro-1-hydroxy-3-oxo-propane-1-sulfonic acid salt, 2-(1-formyl-2-hydroxy-2-sulfo-ethyl)-isonicotinic acid salt, 2-benzooxazol-2-yl-1-hydroxy-3-oxo-propane-1-sulfonic acid salt, or 1-hydroxy-2-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-3-oxo-propane-1-sulfonic acid salt.

Abstract: A process for preparing acrolein from glycerol using an acidic solid-state catalyst which comprises tungsten compounds and further promoters.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of 3-(alkylthio)propanal from glycerol using catalysts.

Abstract: Process for the Production of 3-methylthiopropanal. A process for the production of 3-methylthiopropanal which reacting reaction medium comprising methyl mercaptan and acrolein in the presence of a catalyst comprising an organic base characterised in that the organic base is a N-alkyl morpholine compound.

Abstract: Compositions containing surfactant compounds according to formula (I) ROCH2CH(OH)CR1R2ZCR1R2CH(OH)CH2OR,??(I) wherein Z is S, SO, or SO2, can have a range of equilibrium and/or dynamic surface tensions and a range of foaming performance attributes, depending upon the particular values of Z, R, R1, and R2. The compounds of formula (I) may be prepared by a process that includes reaction of a sulfide source such as a metal sulfide or bisulfide with an alkyl glycidyl ether.

Abstract: Inhibitors of the cytosolic phospholypase A2 enzymes are provided which are of use in controlling a wide variety of inflammatory diseases. The inhibitors of the present invention have the general formula wherein X, Z, X1, R1, R2, Ra, Rb, R3, R4 and Y are as defined in the specification.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel reactive polymers of formula wherein the variables are as defined in the claims. The polymers of the invention are useful for the modification of material surfaces and are particularly suitable for providing biomedical articles such as contact lenses with a hydrophilic coating.

Abstract: Novel dendritic molecules are provided which respond immediately by emission of light when stimulated with light or electric energy, and are useful, for example, as switching material of memory. The dendritic molecules have a core, a branch structure composed of Unit 1 represented by the following formula: wherein, ring A stands for a homo or heterocyclic six membered ring, optionally other branched structures, and surface functional groups as essential constituents.

Abstract: The invention relates to a particularly advantageous preparation of fluorine-containing benzaldehydes by reacting a corresponding aromatic acid chloride with hydrogen in the presence of a supported palladium catalyst and a catalyst moderator.

Abstract: A method for the production of substituted aromatic aldehydes or ketones and optionally substituted heteroaromatic aldehydes or ketones of formula (I) by reacting a compound of formula (II) in a suitable solvent in the presence of a carbonyl compound of formula (III), optionally in the presence of oxygen at a normal pressure or high temperature and at temperatures of 5-200° C.

Abstract: A process for the continuous preparation of 3-(methylthio)propanal. A liquid reaction medium is contacted with a gaseous acrolein feed stream in a gas/liquid contact zone. The reaction medium contains 3-(methylthio)propanal, methyl mercaptan and a catalyst for the reaction between methyl mercaptan and acrolein. The gaseous acrolein feed stream comprises acrolein vapor and non-condensable gas. Acrolein is transferred from the acrolein feed stream to the reaction medium and reacts with methyl mercaptan in that medium to produce a liquid reaction product containing 3-(methylthio)propanal. The non-condensable gas is separated from the liquid reaction product. The reaction product is divided into a product fraction and a circulating fraction, and the circulating fraction is recycled to the gas/liquid contact zone.

Abstract: Aldehyde derivatives of polyethylene glycols and methods of making thereof are disclosed. These aldehyde derivatives can be used to make polyethylene glycol-hydrazines, polyethylene glycol-thiols, polyethylene glycol amines, and branched polyethylene glycols. PEG aldehyde derivatives or other functional PEG derivatives prepared from PEG aldehydes are useful for protein conjugation and surface modification.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for producing aromatic aldehydes, including benzaldehyde and metatolualdehyde. Raw materials and a source of oxygen are fed into a tube reactor. The raw materials may be in a liquid or vapor phase. The reaction to form the aldehyde is catalyzed by suitable solid or liquid catalysts, including copper containing catalysts.

Abstract: Reaction products of the reaction between reactants comprised of the following:

Abstract: A new method for producing unsymmetrically substituted fluorenyl compounds, one step of which is the preparation of 2,7-disubstituted fluoren-9-one derivatives via the nucleophilic substitution of a compound of the formula D wherein A′ is selected from the group consisting of —Br, —Cl, —F, —NO2, and —CN; A is selected from the group consisting of —NO2, —CN, —CO2R, —C(O)R, —SO2R, —SO2RF, —C(CN)═C(CN)2 and —CH═C(CN)2; RF is —CpF2p+1, p=from about 0 to about 10; R is an straight, branched or cyclic aliphatic alkyl group having about 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or an aromatic group such as phenyl or naphthyl; and is a carbonyl or a protected carbonyl such as a ketal or thio-ketal such as wherein R′ is —CrH2r+1; R″ is —(CH2)r—; and r is independently 2 or 3, with a nucleophilic reagent in the presence of an aprotic solvent

Abstract: The invention relates to a particularly advantageous preparation of fluorine-containing benzaldehydes by reacting a corresponding aromatic acid chloride with hydrogen in the presence of a supported palladium catalyst and a catalyst moderator.

Abstract: Intermediates useful in the synthesis of a compound having polyene chain structure, processes for preparing the same, and a process for preparing &bgr;-carotene utilizing the same are disclosed. Also disclosed is a novel compound, retinyl sulfide, which was synthesized by the coupling of a diallylic sulfide of the present invention with the corresponding Wittig salt.