Abstract: The present invention provides a reactive diluent composition which overcomes drawbacks of both the radical-cure and the cationic-cure reactive diluents and can be applied in a broad variety of uses such as paints, inks, adhesives, pressure sensitive adhesives, surface-modifiers, and molding materials; a curable resin composition containing the same; an activated energy ray-curable resin composition; and an activated energy ray-curable ink composition for ink-jet printing.

Abstract: The invention relates, as novel and useful industrial products, to triaromatic compounds, which are vitamin D analogues, of general formula (I): 1

Abstract: Disclosed are a method of producing p-hydroxyphenylalkanol of formula.

Abstract: Commercially feasible methods for synthesizing various epothilones precursors needed for the preparation of final epothilones are provided, including techniques for the synthesis of epothilone segment A and C precursors. Segment C precursors are prepared using starting nitriles, which can alternately be oxidized to ketones and converted, or reacted to form the diol with subsequent conversion to the segment. Segment A precursors are prepared by reacting a starting enone with a chiral catalyst to give an intermediate alcohol in high enantomeric excess, followed by conversion of the alcohol to the desired Segment A precursor.

Abstract: A 2,6-dichlorophenol compound of formula (1): 1

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of 1-Propyl-2, 4, 5-trimethoxybenzene useful as a aroma molecule and as a starting material and intermediate for preparation of various drugs. The process comprises providing crude calamus oil or &bgr;-asarone in a solvent, hydrogenating the solution in the presence of a catalyst, filtering the catalyst and removing the solvent under reduced pressure, subjecting the reduced calamus oil to column of silica gel chromatography using an eluent to obtain the desired product in liquid form with 85-97% purity.

Abstract: An inclusion compound, which comprises a cyclodextrin or a branched cyclodextrin and a vanillyl alcohol derivative represented by the following formula (I) having been included therein: wherein, R represents a C1-6 alkyl group; and a composition containing the same. The inclusion compound exhibits remarkably reduce impure taste of VE and heightens its water solubility and stability. The inclusion compound considerably enhances and prolongs the pungent taste and warm-feeling imparting effect of VE per se and further increase and prolong the cool or refresh-feeling heightening effect of VE per se when used in combination with a refrigerant.

Abstract: 1.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel process for preparing 2-alkyl-3-chlorophenols.

Abstract: The present invention relates to polyalkylene oxide porogens having hyper-branches and low dielectric-constant insulators using them. More particularly, the present invention relates to polyalkylene oxide porogens having hyper-branches expressed by the following formula (1), where the polyalkylene oxide porogen has a center molecular (D) having branches (W), and low dielectric-constant insulators having nanopores prepared by coating a mixture of the porogen and a high heat-resistant resin such as polysilsesquioxane and thermal treating the coated substrate at a temperature effective to degrade the porogen.

Abstract: The present invention provides a convergent method for the synthesis of ubiquinones and ubiquinone analogues. Also provided are precursors of ubiquinones and their analogues that are useful in the methods of the invention.

Abstract: A heat-resistant polyether having a heat resistance to a temperature of 300° C.

Abstract: A process for producing a 5-arylpentanol of formula (2): 1

Abstract: The invention relates to novel heteroethynylenic compounds having the general formula (I): 1

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the synthesis of aryl alkyl monoethers by reaction of a phenol compound, comprising one or more hydroxyl groups attached to the aromatic system, and of a dialkyl carbonate. It is a solvent-free process carried out at a pressure of between 0.93×105 Pa and 1.07×105 Pa, at a temperature of between 100° C. and 200° C., and in the presence of a catalyst chosen from the group consisting of alkaline carbonates and alkaline hydroxides. The dialkyl carbonate is added gradually to the reaction mixture.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel optically active benzylalkylcarbinols, to their preparation and to their use, in particular in perfumery.

Abstract: A method of efficiently removing the protective group from a protected hydroxyl or amino group with an allyl derivative by one step reaction under neutral conditions. A protected hydroxyl or amino group is converted into a free hydroxyl or amino group in one-step by adding a reducing agent to an allyl derivative in the presence of nickel dichlorobis (diphenylphospino) propane.

Abstract: The present invention provides a production method of a 5-phthalancarbonitrile compound, which comprises the use of a novel compound of the formula [I] wherein X is chlorine atom, bromine atom or iodine atom, as a key intermediate. The method of the present invention imposes small environmental burden (without use of a reagent imposing great burden on the environment, such as heavy metal, metal cyanide, thionyl chloride and the like) and is safe. The inventive method is based on a completely new strategy which is different from conventional production methods of 5-phthalancarbonitrile compound.

Abstract: A method for producing benzyl derivatives of 2-butene-1,4-diols by reacting 2-butene-1,4-diols with benzyl chloride compounds in the presence of an alkali or alkaline earth metal hydroxide or carbonate to produce benzyl derivatives of 2-butene-1,4-diols and recovering at least a portion of at least one such benzene derivative.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of 1-Propyl-2, 4, 5-trimethoxybenzene useful as a aroma molecule and as a starting material and intermediate for preparation of various drugs. The process comprises providing crude calamus oil or &bgr;-asarone in a solvent; hydrogenating the solution in the presence of a catalyst; filtering the catalyst and removing the solvent under reduced pressure; subjecting the reduced calamus oil to column of silica gel chromatography using an eluent to obtain the desired product in liquid form with 85-97% purity.

Abstract: It provides a production method of 4-methoxymethyl-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzenemethanol to allow 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-1,4-benzenedimethanol to react with an inorganic base in water, and then add dimethyl sulfate and a water-immiscible organic solvent selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbons and ethers to the reaction mixture, or to allow 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-1,4-benzenedimethanol to react with an inorganic base in water and said water-immiscible organic solvent, and then to add dimethyl sulfate to the reaction mixture.

Abstract: Omega chain modified 15-HETE derivatives and methods of their use for treating dry eye are disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a novel optically active compound represented by the general formula [IV]. This method includes the step of reacting a vinyl ether with a halogenated acetaldehyde in the presence of an optically active binaphthol-titanium complex. With this, the novel optically active compound can be produced very easily. Furthermore, the novel optically active compound can easily be oxidized to a novel optically active &agr;,&bgr;-dihydrexyketone represented by the general formula [V]. These novel optically active compounds can each be used as useful intermediates.

Abstract: The subject matter of the invention is the process for the preparation of mixed ethers of formula I, wherein Ar represents an aromatic or one or more heteroatom-containing moiety, optionally substituted by one or more C1-4 alkoxy, methylenedioxy, C1-4 alkyl, halogen, C1-4 haloalkyl or nitro-group, and/or condensed with a benzene ring; R1 and R2 independently mean hydrogen, C1-4 alkyl, C1-4 haloalkyl, C2-4 alkenyl, phenyl, substituted phenyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl group, R3 means C3-6 alkynyl, optionally substituted by one or more C1-6 alkyl, C3-6 alkenyl, C3-6 alkynyl, C1-6 haloalkyl group, or halogen atom, R3 also means a C1-4 alkyloxy-C1-4 alkyloxy-C1-4 alkyl group.

Abstract: Nucleophilic oxygen species, such as primary alcohols, carboxylates, and water, are added to vinyl epoxides in a highly regioselective and enantioselective manner, providing a convenient route to enantiomerically enriched 1,2-diols and oxygen-containing heterocycles. The reaction employs a chiral Pd(0) complex and a borane or borate as co-catalysts Also described are similar additions of nitrogen nucleophiles, and the addition of carbonates to vinyl epoxides using a chiral Pd(0) catalyst.

Abstract: An improved process for the preparation of 2-arylvinyl alkyl ether compounds of the structural formula I In addition, the present invention provides an improved process for the preparation of 1,4-diaryl-2-fluoro-2-butene compounds of the structural formula V

Abstract: The present invention provides a method, compounds, and compositions for treating a disease associated with immune dysfunction. In accordance with the method, a pharmacologically-acceptable composition including at least one compound selected from the group of compounds consisting of 5-alkyl-resorcinol derivatives, cannabinol derivatives, cannabidiol derivatives, cannabigerol derivatives, and combinations thereof is administered to a patient under conditions sufficient to attenuate the dysfunction within the immune system. The invention also provides an antiviral cannabinol derivative that can be used in the inventive method. The invention also provides an alkylated resorcinol derivative and a method of using the alkylated resorcinol derivative to attenuate the growth of a neoplasm. The method and compound are useful for treating diseases of the immune system, such as HIV disease and neoplastic disorders.

Abstract: A compound of formula (II), wherein R1 is chloro, fluoro or trifluoromethyl; R2 is hydrogen, chloro, fluoro or trifluoromethyl; and R is hydrogen or a protective group for the hydroxy moiety useful as an intermediate for the synthesis of antimycotic azole compounnds.

Abstract: A process for producing chromans, comprising reacting a phenol, a formaldehyde and an alcohol in the presence of a secondary amine and an acid, to generate an alkoxymethylphenol compound with the ortho position to the phenolic hydroxyl group substituted with an alkoxymethyl group, and reacting the alkoxymethylphenol compound with an unsaturated compound having a carbon-carbon double bond.

Abstract: The invention provides novel organic compounds, and more particularly those having excellent lubricity, compatible with lubricating organic compounds having a benzene ring and a phosphazine ring and retaining stability free of hydrolysis for a prolonged period of time. The organic compounds are represented by the formula R.sub.1 --R.sub.0 --R.sub.1 or R.sub.0 --R.sub.1. R.sub.0 is a chain saturated organic group containing a chain of carbon atoms or a chain of carbon atom C and oxygen atom O, and filled with fluorine atoms F or trifluoromethyl groups CF.sub.3 except at one end or both ends of the chain. R.sub.1 is --CH.sub.2 --O--(CH.sub.2).sub.p --{CH(CH.sub.3)}.sub.k --{C(CH.sub.3).sub.2 }.sub.t --R.sub.2 wherein p, k and t are each an integer of 0 or not smaller than 1, and R.sub.2 is phenyl or a functional group corresponding to phenyl in which at least one of the hydrogen atoms is substituted with a compound of at least two elements selected from the group consisting of C, H, O and F or with F, Br or Cl.

Abstract: Enzymatically cleavable chemiluminescent 1,2-dioxetane compounds capable of producing light energy when decomposed, substantially stable at room temperature before a bond by which an enzymatically cleavable labile substituent thereof is intentionally cleaved, are disclosed. These compounds can be represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein: X and X.sup.1 each represent, individually, hydrogen, a hydroxyl group, a halo substituent, an unsubstituted lower alkyl group, a hydroxy (lower) alkyl group, a halo (lower) alkyl group, a phenyl group, a halophenyl group, an alkoxyphenyl group, a hydroxyalkoxy group, a cyano group or an amide group, with at least one of X and X.sup.1 being other than hydrogen; andR.sub.1 and R.sub.2, individually or together, represent an organic substituent that does not interfere with the production of light when the dioxetane compound is enzymatically cleaved and that satisfies the valence of the dioxetane compound's 4-carbon atom, with the provisos that if R.sup.1 and R.sub.

Abstract: A process for preparing 3-oxyalkylpropan-l-ols by catalytic hydrogenation of 1,3-dioxanes with catalysts comprising a hydrogenation-active component on an acid support.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of effecting vasodilation, comprising:administering to a warm blooded animal in need of such treatment, an effective amount of a (1,5-inter) aryl prostaglandin derivative represented by the Formula I ##STR1## wherein n is 0 or an integer of from 1 to 6, R is selected from the group of radicals represented by the formulae:CO.sub.2 R', CONR'.sub.2, CH.sub.2 OR' and SO.sub.2 NR'.sub.2 'wherein R' is hydrogen or a lower alkyl radical having from one to six carbon atoms; R" is hydrogen or an acyl radical having the formula (CO)R'" wherein R'" is a saturated or unsaturated acyclic hydrocarbon radical having from 1 to about 10 carbon atoms, or --(CH.sub.2).sub.m R"" wherein m is 0 or an integer of from 1 to 6 and R"" is an aliphatic ring having from 3 to 7 carbon atoms or an aryl group, e.g. phenyl, or a heteroaryl group, e.g.

Abstract: A process reaction between: (1) a compound that contains one or more epoxide moieties per molecule, and (2) a compound that contains one or more primary aliphatic hydroxyl groups per molecule; is catalyzed by: (3) a catalyst compound containing one or more trifluoromethanesulfonate moieties and one or more silyl moieties and run at a temperature of no more than 130.degree. C., such that the catalyst preferably catalyzes reaction at the primary aliphatic hydroxyl group, so that the resulting resin does not gel.

Abstract: Phenols monomethylated or dimethylated in the ortho or para position to the OH group and having the formula ##STR1## can be prepared by reaction of tert-alkyl-substituted phenols of the formula ##STR2## in which at least one free ortho or para position to the OH group is present, in three reaction steps a), b) and c). In a), (II) is reacted with formaldehyde or its polymers and a carboxylic acid of the formulaR.sup.3 --COOH, (III)which gives a mixture of substituted phenols of the formulae ##STR3## In b) the mixture of (IV)/(V) is hydrogenated using catalytically activated hydrogen to give the substituted phenols of the formula ##STR4## which, if m=0, are reacted in c) in the presence of an acid cleavage catalyst with elimination of tert-alkenes to give the methylated phenols of the formula (I).Before or during the hydrogenation, the phenols of the formulae (IV) and (V) can be reacted with the aid of an alcohol of the formulaR.sup.

Abstract: A chemiluminescent 1,2-dioxetane derivative having a formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.4 each represent, individually, hydrogen, an alkyl group, an alkoxyl group, a hydroxyl group, or --OSi(R.sup.9 R.sup.10 R.sup.11) in which R.sup.9, R.sup.10 and R.sup.11 each represent an alkyl group; R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 each represent, individually, hydrogen or an alkyl group, provided that R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 each cannot be hydrogen at the same time, and that R.sup.2 and R.sup.3, and R.sup.5 and R.sup.6, each taken together, can form a cycloalkyl group; R.sup.7 represents an alkyl group; R.sup.8 represents hydrogen, an alkoxyl group, a phosphate salt group, or --OSi(R.sup.9 R.sup.10 R.sup.11); intermediates for synthesizing the above 1,2-dioxetane derivative; and methods of producing the intermediates are provided.

Abstract: An optically active phenol useful in the preparation of liquid crystalline compounds which is represented by the formula (V): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.2 represents an alkyl or alkoxyalkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms optionally substituted by halogen atoms; Z' represents ##STR2## wherein q represents a number of 1 to 5 and * indicates asymmetric carbon atom; l represents a number of 2; t represents a number of 1 to 5; s represents a number of 0 or 1.

Abstract: Photoreactive compounds are synthesized from 2,5- or 2,6-dintrobenzyl groups. Also disclosed are methods of synthesizing reactive monomers containing 2,5- or 2,6-dintrobenzyl groups.

Abstract: Novel compounds of Formula 1 ##STR1## or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof are disclosed. Also disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions containing compounds of Formula 1. Methods of treating allergy, inflammation and hyperproliferative skin diseases with compounds of Formula 1 are also disclosed.

Abstract: Lipid-selective antioxidants of the formula I(A).sub.a (L)(X).sub.a, (I),in whichA=an antioxidative component,L=a bridging member,X=a lipophilic componenta and a'=independently of one another the numbers 1 or 2.The compounds are used for the protection of lipid-containing substances against oxidation and in pharmaceuticals for the prophylaxis and treatment of diseases in which bioradicals are involved, in particular of coronary, circulatory and vascular diseases.

Abstract: A compound that can be converted, at a low cost and in a simple way, into 2-aryl-1,3-propanediols serving as precursors for synthesizing felbamate acting as an antiepileptic has a structure represented by Formula (1): ##STR1## wherein Ar represents an aryl group; R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom or is R.sup.4 or R.sup.5, where R.sup.4 represents an alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and R.sup.5 represents a hydroxy group or an acyloxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; and R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are hydrogen atoms at the same time or R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 together form a group represented by Formula (2): ##STR2## wherein R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 together form an oligomethylene group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Novel compounds of the general structural formula I: ##STR1## have endothelin antagonist activity and are therefore useful in treating cardiovascular disorders, such as hypertension, pulmonary hypertension, postischemic renal failure, vasospasm, cerebral and cardiac ischemia, myocardial infarction, endotoxic shock, inflammatory diseases including Raynaud's disease and asthma.

Abstract: The synthesis and compound of a new caged calcium which is an ortho-nitrophenyl derivative of EGTA and various intermediates. It is synthesized in ten steps and 24% overall yield. The photosensitive chelator, nitrophenyl-EGTA, has a K.sub.d for Ca.sup.2+ of 80 nM and for Mg.sup.2+ of 8.8 mM. Upon exposure to ultra-violet light (in the region of 350 nm), the chelator is cleaved, yielding iminodiacetic acid photoproducts with known low Ca-affinity (K.sub.d =1 mM). The quantum yield of photolysis of nitrophenyl-EGTA in the presence of Ca.sup.a+ is 0.23 and in the absence of Ca.sup.2+ is 0.20. In experiments with chemically skinned skeletal muscle fibers, a fully relaxed fiber equilibrated with nitrophenyl-EGTA:Ca.sup.2+ complex, in the presence of physiological [Mg.sup.2+ ] (i.e. 1.0 mM), produced maximal contraction after a single flash from a frequency doubled ruby laser (347 nm). Half-maximal tension was achieved in 18 ms at 15.degree. C.

Abstract: Normally liquid chlorofluoroether compositions consisting or consisting essentially of one or a selected mixture of perhalogenated chlorofluoroether compounds are provided by direct fluorination of the corresponding chloroether or chlorofluoroether precursors. The compositions are useful, for example, as heat transfer agents, blood substitutes, and solvents.

Abstract: Processes for synthesizing tertiary alkynols by reacting carbonyl-group-containing compounds with alkynes in the presence of a basic catalyst are disclosed. Preferred products are 6,10,14-trimethyl-4-pentadecyn-6-ol compounds having the structure: ##STR1## A preferred, novel compound, 6,10,14-trimethyl-4-pentadecyne-2,6-diol, can be used in the synthesis of Vitamin E or Vitamin K.sub.1.

Abstract: This invention relates to structurally novel acyclic tocotrienol analogs, which are useful for cholesterol/lipid lowering in cases of hypercholesterolemia and hyperlipidemia, and for atherosclerosis. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions and a method of use employing those compositions.

Abstract: Preparation of diethers of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is an alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, or aralkyl radical, by formation of an unsaturated aldehyde of the formula ##STR2## wherein R is as defined above, by means of an aldol condensation reaction, reduction of said aldehyde to form the corresponding saturated compound, transformation of the saturated compound into the corresponding diol, and consequent methylation of the diol into diether.

Abstract: Claimed is a process for the preparing 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-methoxybenzyl alcohol which is an effective stabilizer of polymer materials and a starting compound in synthesis of high- effective polynuclear phenolic stabilizers.It is an object of this invention to provide a simplification of the process and improve a quality of the target product.This object is attained by using N,N,N',N'-tetra-methyl-methylene-bis-amine as a catalyst with the molar ratio of 2,6-DTBP to formaldehyde to methanol to bis-amine as of 1.0:1.0-1.5:10-15: 0.01-0.50 and conducting a process at 60.degree.-100.degree. C.

Abstract: Processes for synthesizing tertiary alkynols by reacting carbonyl-group-containing compounds with alkynes in the presence of a basic catalyst are disclosed. Preferred products are 6,10,14-trimethyl-4-pentadecyn-6-ol compounds having the structure: ##STR1## A preferred, novel compound, 6,10,14-trimethyl-4-pentadecyne-2,6-diol, can be used in the synthesis of Vitamin E or Vitamin K.sub.1.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of adducts by reacting an alcohol with an epoxy compound in the presence of a catalyst, which comprises reacting an alcohol of formula I ##STR1## wherein A is an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or araliphatic radical and r is a number from 1 to 10, with a mono- or diepoxide in the equivalent ratio of 1:20 to 20:1, based on the hydroxyl and epoxy groups, in the presence of a metal complex of formula II as catalyst[M.sup.n+ (L.sub.1).sub.x (L.sub.2).sub.y (L.sub.3.sup.m-).sub.z ][X.sup.k- ].sub.(n-zm)/k (II),whereinM is a metal of the main groups or subgroups of the Periodic Table of the Elements,L.sub.1 and L.sub.2 are weakly bonded, neutral, unidentale or multidentate ligands,L.sub.3 is a strongly bonded, non-replaceable neutral or anionic unidentale or multidentate ligand,X is an anion of the following formulae BF.sub.4.sup.-, PF.sub.6.sup.-, AsF.sub.6.sup.-, SbF.sub.6.sup.-, ClO.sub.4.sup.-, IO.sub.4.sup.-, NO.sub.3.sup.