Abstract: The present invention provides a unique and novel way of producing vinyl phenols such as poly(4-hydroxystyrene) (PHS). In this new process, p-.alpha.-aminoethylphenol (AEP) is heated under suitable conditions of temperature and pressure and for a sufficient period of time to form the poly(4-hydroxystyrene) (PHS).

Abstract: Phenolic compounds, e.g., phenol, are hydroxylated, preponderantly into the para-isomer, e.g., hydroquinone, by reaction with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of an effective amount of a strong acid and a catalytically effective amount of a keto compound having the formula (II): ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, which may be identical or different, are each a hydrogen atom or an electron-donating group; n.sub.1 and n.sub.2, which may be identical or different, are numbers equal to 0, 1, 2 or 3, with the proviso that the two carbon atoms located at the .alpha.-position with respect to the two carbon atoms bearing the --CO group may be bonded together via a valence bond or via a --CH.sub.2 -- group, thereby forming a keto-containing ring member which may either be saturated or unsaturated.

Abstract: Disclosed is a chemically stable tyrosinase activity inhibitor having high tyrosinase activity inhibition effect and low toxicity. The tyrosinase activity inhibitor has a structure of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are a hydrogen atom or an alkyl or alkenyl group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms, and R.sub.2 is an alkyl or alkenyl group having 2 to 9 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A process for improving the color of bisphenol-A and improving yields of bisphenol-A comprises the addition of hypophosphorus acid either prior to or concurrent with a distillation step.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of aromatic polyhydroxy compounds, by reacting an aromatic hydroxyaldehyde with hydrogen peroxide, with or without the addition of a base, in the presence of a nitrile R--CN, in which R is an alkyl radical having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a phenyl radical, which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more alkyl groups.

Abstract: An optically active tri-substituted methane compound having, as substituents, an aromatic ring group and a phenyl group having hydroxyl group at ortho or para position can be obtained by allowing a phenol compound unsubstituted at the ortho- or/and para-position to react with an optically active secondary carbinol compound having an aromatic ring group at the alpha-position in the presence of tri-substituted phosphine and diazodicarboxylate or diazodicarboxamide. These and other optically active tri-substituted methane compounds are useful as active ingredients for medicines or as intermediate compounds for preparing medicines.

Abstract: A process for microbial conversion of benzocyclobutene to the corresponding 3,4-dihydrodiol followed by acid catalyzed dehydration to 4-hydroxybenzocyclobutene.

Abstract: The preparation of pyrocatechol monoethers or pyrocatechols of the formula Ia or Ib respectively ##STR1## ( R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 =H or C.sub.1 --C.sub.8 -hydrocarbon radicals; R.sup.3 =C.sub.1 --C.sub.8 -hydrocarbon radical ) by rearranging a 2-hydroxycyclohexanone dialkyl ketal II ##STR2## a) in the gas phase in the presence of a platinmetal or in the presence of a compound of one of these metals as catalyst in order to obtain a compound Ia, orb) carrying out step a) in the presence of water in order to obtain a compound Ib. The products are used as intermediates in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, fragrances and flavors.

Abstract: A process of using fast pyrolysis in a carrier gas to convert a plastic waste feedstream having a mixed polymeric composition in a manner such that pyrolysis of a given polymer to its high value monomeric constituent occurs prior to pyrolysis of other plastic components therein comprising: selecting a first temperature program range to cause pyrolysis of said given polymer to its high value monomeric constituent prior to a temperature range that causes pyrolysis of other plastic components; selecting a catalyst and support for treating said feed streams with said catalyst to effect acid or base catalyzed reaction pathways to maximize yield or enhance separation of said high value monomeric constituent in said temperature program range; differentially heating said feed stream at a heat rate within the first temperature program range to provide differential pyrolysis for selective recovery of optimum quantities of the high value monomeric constituent prior to pyrolysis of other plastic components; separating th

Abstract: The phenols/phenol ethers are hydroxylated by reaction with hydrogen peroxide, in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of (a) at least one alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salt of a protonic acid having a pKa in water of less than -0.1 and (b) a free protonic acid.

Abstract: The mixture consists of at least one organic peroxide, at least one hydroquinone derivative of the general formulae I and/or II and/or III ##STR1## wherein R and R.sup.1, which may be identical or different, stand for H or t-alkyl, and X stands, for example, for C.sub.1-18 -alkylene, and a crosslinkage promoter, and permits the crosslinkage of polymers and at the same time extends the scorch time, which must be understood as the processing time.

Abstract: Provided is an improved process for preparing 2-(1-phenylethyl)hydroquinone and its diacetate salt. In this process, the differential solubility of product and starting materials hydroquinone and styrene in non-polar organic solvents is utilized to provide mono-alkylated materials which can be easily removed from the reaction mixture. A solid acid catalyst is also used which allows the isolation of product and recycle of unreacted starting materials to be accomplished on an industrial-scale continuous process.

Abstract: Certain crystalline titanoaluminosilicate molecular sieve compositions having titanium, aluminum, and silicon present as framework tetrahedral oxide units are particularly effective in hydroxylating the aromatic nucleus of aromatic compounds using hydrogen peroxide, even where the hydrogen peroxide is used at concentrations of 10 weight percent or less. The variant where the exchangeable hydrogens of the titanoaluminosilicate are replaced by an alkali or alkaline earth metal cation is particularly favored because of the concomitant increase in selectivity. Excellent utilization of hydrogen peroxide often is observed, even when the hydroxylation is effected at temperatures under about 60.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of resorcinol is described which relies upon the intermediacy of a .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated ketone which can be reacted with a hydroxy moiety-containing compound to obtain a resorcinol precursor which is subsequently converted to resorcinol. In a specific embodiment, 2-cyclohexenone is reacted with water to obtain 3-hydroxycyclohexanone which is dehydrogenated to resorcinol. In another embodiment, 2-cyclohexenone is oxidized to cyclohexane-1,3-dione which is dehydragenated obtain resorcinol.

Abstract: An electrically conductive paste composition comprises an electrically conductive powder, a solvent and an organic binder comprising one or more monohydric phenol adduct compound selected from the group consisting of:(a) a monohydric phenol adduct of an unsaturated fatty acid, its metal salt or an unsaturated fatty acid ester,(b) a saturated or unsaturated fatty acid ester of said phenol adduct (a),(c) a sulfonation product of said phenol adduct (a) and(d) an amination product of said phenol adduct. It is applied to a resin article to provide an electric circuit having an improved adhesion.

Abstract: A region-specific monofunctionalization of a phenolic hydroxy onto a polyphenol for the preparation of a compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 8 carbon atoms, alkenyl and alkynyl of 2 to 8 carbon atoms, --CN, formyl, carboxy, alkoxy carbonyl of up to 9 carbon atoms, aralkoxy carbonyl or up to 12 carbon atoms and halogen and R' is a hydroxy protective group comprising reacting a polyphenol of the formula ##STR2## wherein R has the above definition with a base to form the corresponding dianion, reacting the latter with a trialkyl borate of the formulaB(OAlk).sub.3wherein Alk is alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms to form a compound of the formula ##STR3## reacting the latter with a reagent capable of introducing a hydroxy protective group and reacting the latter with a hydrolysis agent for the oxygen-boron bond to obtain the corresponding compound of Formula I.

Abstract: It is disclosed that aromatic compounds can be alkylated with mono-olefinic HVI-PAO dimer in contact with an acidic catalyst to produce novel alkylated aromatic compositions. It has been found that the novel HVI-PAO dimer alkylated aromatic compositions exhibit an extraordinary combination of properties relating to low viscosity with high viscosity index and low pour point which renders them very useful as lubricant basestock. Further, it has been found that the novel alkylaromatic compositions of the present invention show improved oxidative stability. Depending upon the substituent groups on the aromatic nucleus, useful lubricant additives can be prepared for improved antiwear, antioxidant and other properties. HVI-PAO dimer is prepared as a product or by-product from 1-alkene oligomerization using reduced chromium oxide on solid support.

Abstract: A process of using fast pyrolysis in a carrier gas to convert a waste phenolic resin containing feedstreams in a manner such that pyrolysis of said resins and a given high value monomeric constituent occurs prior to pyrolyses of the resins in other monomeric components therein comprising: selecting a first temperature program range to cause pyrolysis of said resin and a given high value monomeric constituent prior to a temperature range that causes pyrolysis of other monomeric components; selecting, if desired, a catalyst and a support and treating said feedstreams with said catalyst to effect acid or basic catalyzed reaction pathways to maximize yield or enhance separation of said high value monomeric constituent in said first temperature program range to utilize reactive gases such as oxygen and steam in the pyrolysis process to drive the production of specific products; differentially heating said feedstreams at a heat rate within the first temperature program range to provide differential pyrolysis for se

Abstract: The alkyl hydroquinones, e.g., methyl hydroquinone (a useful intermediate in the preparation of the monomer methyl hydroquinone diacetate, itself used for the synthesis of thermotropic polymers), are prepared by reacting (C-alkylating) hydroquinone or a monoether thereof with a lower alkanal, in the vapor phase, with a catalytically effective amount of at least one solid metal oxide.

Abstract: A curing agent for an epoxy resin comprising (A) a polyhydric phenol obtainable by condensing a phenol compound and a hydroxybenzaldehyde and (B) a dihydric phenol, which gives a cured material of an epoxy resin having improved moisture and heat resistance and a small coefficient of linear thermal expansion.

Abstract: Methylhydroquinone (MeHQ) or methyl ether derivative thereof is prepared by contacting paramethoxyphenol or para-dimethoxybenzene with an acid catalyst, preferably a solid acid catalyst, at a temperature ranging from 100.degree. to 300.degree. C.

Abstract: The nuclear hydroxylation of phenol can be carried out in an industrially very simple manner and with at least the yields obtained with the known methods as well as with very good selectivities by means of using aqueous hydrogen peroxide with the simultaneous addition of sulfur dioxide or selenium dioxide as catalyst.

Abstract: As a process for preparing a compound of the formula ##STR1## in which both Rs are H or --OH comprising the steps: a. of treating the ethyl ester of caffeic acid with a trialkylsilyl chloride at ambient conditions in equimolar proportions in the presence of a base;b. of reduction of the resulting product with an aluminium hydride reagent at sub-zero temperature and equimolar proportions to yield the corresponding allylic alcohol;c. of halogenation of this allylic alcohol with thionyl chloride or a phosphorus trihalide to yield the corresponding allyl halide;d. of coupling this allyl halide with the silyl ether of compound of the formula ##STR2## in refluxing ether solutions; and e. of hydrolysis of this coupled product with tetra alkyl ammonium flouride at ambient conditions and of equimolar proportions.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of phenylhydroquinone by the reaction of a mixture of a benzenediazonium salt, hydroquinone and water while maintaining the pH in the range of about 3 to about 9.

Abstract: A process for preparing a compound of the formula ##STR1## in which both Rs and H or OH; comprising the steps a. of treating the ethyl ester of caffeic acid with trialkylsilyl chloride at ambient conditions in equimolar proportions in the presence of a base;b. the reduction of the ester to the corresponding allylic alcohol with aluminum hydride reagent;c. of oxidizing the resulting product with manganese dioxide at ambient temperature and in excess molar proportion to yield the corresponding allylic aldehyde;d. of coupling the latter with the silyl ether of the relative phenyl acetylide; ande. of hydrolysis of this coupled product with alkylammonium fluoride at ambient conditions in equimolar proportions.

Abstract: Preparation of 4-phenylquinol by oxidation of biphenyl using an aqueous mixture of cerium methanesulfonic acid in which the ratio of cerous to ceric methanesulfonic acid is in the rate of 0.2 to 50 mole percent.

Abstract: Optionally substituted benzyl-benzenes can be prepared by reaction of a benzyl alcohol of the formula ##STR1## with a benzene of the formula ##STR2## in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 independently of one another denote hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy, fluorine or chlorine, where R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 independently of one another may also represent hydroxyl and R.sup.5 may additionally be C.sub.5 -C.sub.8 -alkyl,R.sup.6 represents hydrogen or one of the groups ##STR3## R.sup.8 denotes hydrogen or hydroxymethyl, in a ratio of 1 mole of benzene to 0.8-5 moles of benzyl alcohol in the presence of an amount of activated bleaching earth of 0.05-5% by weight, relative to the amount of benzyl alcohol, at a temperature between 90.degree. C. and 140.degree. C. in the presence of a diluent.

Abstract: Cultivation of a strain of the microorganism, Preussia sp., that has been deposited in the American Type Culture Collection as A.T.C.C. No. 20,923, yields a novel antibiotic substance, culpin, that has activity against a selected spectrum of microorganisms.

Abstract: Polymer dihydroxy compounds corresponding to the following formula ##STR1## in whichR.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 =H or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl,R.sup.4 =H or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl,R.sup.5 =--C.sub.6 H.sub.5, --C.sub.6 H.sub.4 CH.sub.3, --CH.dbd.CH.sub.2, or --CO.sub.2 R.sup.7,R.sup.6 =C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, aryl, or H,R.sup.7 =C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl,m=0 or 1,n=5 to 100,q=0 or 1,a process for their production and their use in thermoplastic molding compositions.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of resorcinol from diisopropylbenzene includes the steps of oxidizing m-diisopropylbenzene under anhydrous, non-alkaline conditions with oxygen, extracting m-diisopropylbenzene dihydroperoxide and m-diisopropylbenzene hydroxyhydroperoxide with dilute sodium hydroxide, re-extracting with an organic solvent, converting m-diisopropylbenzene hydroxyhydroperoxide to m-diisopropylbenzene dihydroperoxide with hydrogen peroxide, drying the product, decomposing the m-diisopropylbenzene dihydroperoxide in the presence of a catalyst selected from the group consisting of boron trifluoride, ferric chloride and stannic chloride to coproduce resorcinol and actone, and purifying the resorcinol.

Abstract: An improvement in the preparation of resorcinol includes the decomposition of m-diisopropylbenzene dihydroperoxide (m-DHP) to resorcinol and acetone in the presence of an effective amount of a catalyst selected from the group consisting of boron trifluoride, ferric chloride and stannic chloride. Minute quantities of the catalyst, preferably 10 to 50 ppm, are effective to increase the yields of resorcinol.

Abstract: An improvement in a process for the preparation of resorcinol which includes the steps of treating an extract of selected oxidation products of diisopropylbenzene with hydrogen peroxide to convert m-HHP to m-DHP, drying the treated extract and thereafter, decomposing the m-DHP in the presence of an effective amount, preferably within the range of about 10 to 50 ppm, of a catalyst selected from the group consisting of boron trifluoride, ferric chloride and stannic chloride.

Abstract: Novel vicinal dioxyalkylene organometalates comprising a cation having a hydrocarbyl-containing substituent are disclosed. The vicinal dioxyalkylene organometalates can be reacted with water to yield alkylene glycols.

Abstract: A method for the production of substituted 1,2,3- and 1,2,4-trihydroxybenzenes in a single process reaction step, wherein the corresponding substituted resorcinol which is a substituted 1,3-dihydroxybenzene is contacted with an aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution and through control of the water content of the initial reaction condition and control of the reaction temperature the desired products are obtained.

Abstract: Resorcinol and substituted resorcinols are converted in one single step reaction into 1,2,3- and 1,2,4-trihydroxybenzenes and substituted hydroxy resorcinol compounds with a benzene solution of peroxypropionic acid.

Abstract: Method for the conversion of resorcinol with aqueous hydrogen peroxide to obtain a mixture of 1,2,3- and 1,2,4-trihydroxybenzenes wherein the amount of water present in the initial reaction mixture is controlled to small amounts.

Abstract: An improved process is provided for synthesizing monosubstituted (1-phenylethyl) hydroquinone in high yields and with little contamination by disubstituted (1-phenylethyl) hydroquinone. The process is performed by reacting styrene and hydroquinone using a zeolite molecular sieve.

Abstract: A lipoxygenase inhibitor comprising as active ingredient a substituted styrene derivative having a radical of the general formula ##STR1## wherein X denotes a hydroxyl group or a lower alkoxy group and q is an integer of 2 or 3, and containing carbon atoms in total of at least 8.

Abstract: A process for replacing an aromatic carbon-thallium bond with a carbon-oxygen bond. The process is particularly suitable for producing specific aromatic isomers by thallating an aromatic compound and replacing the thallium with a carboxylate group which can be further hydrolyzed if desired to form an aromatic hydroxyl compound.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a pulverulent organomagnesium compound involves bringing together into intimate admixture a particulate hydroxyl functional material with an organomagnesium-containing material. The process is conducted at a temperature below the melting point of the hydroxyl functional material but at a temperature sufficient to convert at least a portion of the hydroxyl functional material to the pulverulent organomagnesium compound. The aforesaid organomagnesium compounds are useful as intermediates in generating anionic sites for anionic polymerization.

Abstract: New compounds having the formula 1 ##STR1## wherein W is hydrogen, halogen, n-alkyl, --NHCOR.sup.1, --COR.sup.1, or phenoxyacetylamino optionally substituted by one or two C.sub.1-12 straight- or branched chain alkyl, X is a substituent in the coupling position and is selected from hydrogen, chlorine, bromine, --SR.sup.11 or a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic residue attached at a ring nitrogen atom, and Y is a group having the formula 2 ##STR2## wherein Q is selected from the residues: --COOR.sup.4 or --CONR.sup.4 R.sup.5, --OM, --NR.sup.7 R.sup.8, --PO(OR.sup.9)[O].sub.x R.sup.10 with X=0 or 1, --SO.sub.2 OH, --SO.sub.2 NR.sup.4 R.sup.5 or CN. The groups R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.7, R.sup.8, R.sup.9, R.sup.10, R.sup.11, M, k and n are defined hereinafter.These compounds are used as black color couplers in photographic materials.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the production of p-cresol in a quantitative yield, which involves the acidification of an aqueous solution of 4-methylcyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,2-diol-1-carboxylic acid under ambient conditions of temperature and pressure to cause spontaneous decomposition of the starting material to p-cresol. The aqueous solution of 4-methylcyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,2-diol-1-carboxylic acid is produced by microbiological conversion of p-xylene with Pseudomonas putida Biotype A strain ATCC 39119.

Abstract: A catechol derivative represented by the formula ##STR1## The compounds of this invention are useful for the prophylaxis and treatment for various allergic diseases, ischemic heart diseases and inflammations caused by slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A), since the compounds inhibit very potently the formation and release of SRS-A.

Abstract: Novel compounds of the general formula: ##STR1## and the pharmaceutically acceptable esters and acid addition salts thereof, wherein:R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.7, R.sup.8 and R.sup.9 are each independently hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, trifluoromethyl, halo, lower alkylthio, lower alkyl sulfinyl, lower alkyl sulfonyl; orR.sup.2 and R.sup.3 together form --OCH.sub.2 O--; andR.sup.10 and R.sup.11 are each independently hydrogen or lower alkyl.These compounds combine .beta.-blockade and calcium entry blockade properties in the same compound and therefore are useful in therapy in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension, arrhythmias and variant and exercise induced angina.

Abstract: Anhydrous di-(alkali metal) (especially disodium) salts of dihydroxyaromatic compounds such as bisphenol A are prepared by first contacting the solid dihydroxyaromatic compound with an aqueous alkali metal hydroxide solution so as to convert it into the solid di-(alkali metal) salt or hydrate thereof and subsequently separating the solid salt or hydrate from the aqueous system and removing water therefrom, typically by mixing the same with an organic liquid and removing water, including water of hydration, by evaporation. The organic liquid is preferably one such as toluene or o-dichlorobenzene in which water and the anhydrous di-(alkali metal) salt are substantially insoluble. The process may be operated in batch or continuous fashion.

Abstract: There is taught a class of homogeneous oxidation catalysts characterized by the presence therein of two chelated cations of Cu(I) in each molecule.

Abstract: This invention pertains to a process for preparing polyhydroxy aromatic compounds by reacting an alkali metal hydroxide with a hydroxymononuclear aromatic compound, e.g., phenol or resorcinol. The reaction is carried out in the presence of a metallic hydrogenation catalyst, suitably nickel, or cobalt, the metal being present in an amount sufficient for catalyzing the reaction. The polyhydroxy aromatic compound is then formed by adding a protonating agent to the reaction product, with the protonating agent liberating the hydroxy compound from the salt.

Abstract: A method is provided for making 3,5-dimethylphenol from isophorone by catalytic demethanation using as a catalyst, the calcination residue of a mixture of magnesium carbonate and/or magnesium hydroxide and a manganese compound.

Abstract: The invention bis((aryl)vinyl)benzenes wherein the aryl and benzene moieties may be substituted, and the vinyl carbon alpha to the central benzene ring may be further substituted with an aliphatic group.

Abstract: At least one of the other functions comprising an aryl-aliphatic ether, e.g., veratrol, is catalytically hydrolyzed with water, e.g., to guaiacol, in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of a salt of a carboxylic acid.