Abstract: The use as fragrance ingredient of a compound of formula (I) wherein R1 and Y have the same meaning as given in the description, and fragrance applications comprising them.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing 3(4),8(9)-dihydroxymethyltricyclo[5.2.102.6]decane by hydrogenating the hyd roformylation products of d icyclopentad lene. The process comprises carrying out the hydrogenation in the presence of water, optionally after addition of water.

Abstract: 1-Deoxybaccatin III, 1-deoxytaxol and 1-deoxy taxol analogs and method for the preparation thereof.

Abstract: There is disclosed a fluorine-containing polymerizable cyclic olefin compound that has one or more partial structures represented by the following general formula (1) or (2).

Abstract: A process for preparing 3(4),8(9)-dihydroxymethyltricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]decane by hydroformylating dicyclopentadiene with subsequent distillation wherein the hydroformylation of dicyclopentadiene is carried out in two stages, and, in a first hydroformylation stage, the reaction is effected in a heterogeneous reaction system using an aqueous solution of transition metal compounds, containing water-soluble organic phosphorus (III) compounds in complex-bound form, of group VIII of the Periodic Table to give 8(9)-formyltricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]dec-3-ene, and, in a second hydroformylation stage, the thus obtained 8(9)-formyltricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]dec-3-ene is converted, in homogeneous organic phase in the presence of transition metal compounds of group VIII of the Periodic Table of the Elements to 3(4),8(9)-bisformyltricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]decane.

Abstract: The application discloses methods of treating mammalian diseases characterized by abnormal cell mitosis by administering estradiol derivatives including those comprising colchicine or combretastatin A-4 structural motifs of the general formulae found below in a dosage sufficient to inhibit cell mitosis. The application discloses novel compounds used in the methods.

Abstract: The present invention relates to process wherein (+)-2-carene epoxide is coupled with a compound X—Y that contains nucleophilic and electrophilic moieties, to produce a compound of formula (5). The reaction mixture consists essentially of a source of (+)-2-carene epoxide, compound X—Y, optionally an inert solvent and optionally a pH buffer. No acid catalyst is used in the process.

Abstract: The invention provides for a non-steroidal compound having the formula wherein Re and ′Re are OH, optionally independently etherified or esterified; Z is —CH2— or —CH2CH2—; R1 is H, halogen, CF3, or (1C-4C)alkyl; R2, R3 and R4 are independently H, halogen, —CF3, —OCF3, (1C-8C)Alkyl, hydroxy, (1C-8C)alkyloxy, aryloxy, aryl(1C-8C)alkyl, halo(1C-8C)alkyl, —O(CH2)mX, wherein X is halogen or phenyl and m=2-4; —O(CH2)mNRaRb, —S(CH2)mNRaRb or —(CH2)mNRaRb, wherein m=2-4 and Ra, Rb are independently (1C-8C)alkyl, (2C-8C)alkenyl, (2C-8C)alkynyl, or aryl, optionally substituted with halogen, —CF3, —OCF3, —CN, —NO2, —OH, (1C-8C)alkoxy, aryloxy, carboxyl, (1C-8C)alkylthio, carboxylate, (1C-8C)alkyl, aryl, aryl(1C-8C)alkyl, halo(1C-8C)alkyl or Ra and Rb form a 3-8 membered ring structure, optionally substituted with halogen, —CF3, —OCF3, —CN, —NO2, hydroxy, hydroxy(1C-4C)a

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of synthesizing compounds of formula (I) or (II): wherein R1 is hydrogen, R′ is (C1-C4)alkyl and X is a hydroxyl protecting group.

Abstract: Aldehyde compounds contained in polycyclic diols as impurities are effectively removed by distilling the polycyclic diols in the presence of an alkali metal compound and/or a alkaline earth compound. The distilled polycyclic diols are useful as a diol component of a polymer such as polycarbonate with less yellowing.

Abstract: A process for purifying alicyclic alcohols by distillation, wherein the alicyclic alcohols are distilled in the presence of from 1 to 550 ppm of acidic compounds.

Abstract: The present invention relates to diterpene derivatives prepared from the components which are extracted from Acanthopanax Koreanum and represented by Chemical Formula (1).

Abstract: The invention relates to the preparation of the compounds isolongifolanol (IUPAC name: 2,2,7,7-tetramethyltricyclo[6.2.1.01,6]undecan-6-ol) and isolongifolenol (IUPAC name: 2,2,7,7-tetramethyltricyclo[6.2.1.01,6]undec4-en-6-ol) and to the use thereof as fragrance or aroma substance.

Abstract: Newly-isolated and purified metabolites which are effective in regulating the development of at least one filamentous fungal microorganism species are disclosed. These compounds, which are referred to as conidiogenol and conidiogenone, may be used to induce conidiation in and/or to inhibit the growth of populations of such fungal species. The compounds are preferably produced by culture of the fungal species Penicillium cyclopium, and may be subsequently recovered from the culture medium and purified. Methods of using and methods of producing these compounds are also disclosed.

Abstract: A compound of the formula I: in which P is hydrogen or alkyl; Y and Y′ are each hydrogen or, when taken together, represent a group ═CH2; W and W′ are each hydrogen; X is selected from the group consisting of a hydroxyalkyl, a hydroxyalkoxy, an alkoxy optionally comprising an epoxide function, a hydroxyalkene, a hydroxyalkadiene, a hydroxyalkyne and isomeric forms thereof; and a) either R1 and R3 or R′3 form a saturated 5- or 6-membered carbocyclic ring and R2, R′2, R3 or R′3, R4, R′4, R5 and R′5 are each independently hydrogen or alkyl; or b) R2 or R′2 and R4 or R′4 form a saturated 5- or 6-membered carbocyclic ring, and R1, R2 or R′2, R3, R′3, R4 or R′4, R5 and R′5 are each independently hydrogen or alkyl; or c) R3 or R′3 and R5 or R′5 form a saturated or unsaturated 5- or 6-membered carbocyclic ring, and R1, R2, R′2, R3 or R′3, R4, R′4, and R5 or R′5 are each indep

Abstract: The present invention provides novel tertiary alcohol compounds which are useful as monomers for the preparation of photoresist materials having high transparency and a great affinity for the substrate and hence suitable for use in photolithography using a light source comprising preferably light having a wavelength of 300 nm or less and more preferably light emitted from an ArF excimer laser. Specifically, the present invention provides tertiary alcohols compounds represented by the following general formula (1): wherein R1 and R2 each independently represent a straigh-chain, branched or cyclic alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, in which some or all of the hydrogen atoms on the constituent carbon atoms may be replaced by a halogen atom or halogen atoms, or R1 and R2 may be joined together to form an aliphatic hydrocarbon ring; Z represents a straight-chain, branched or cyclic divalent organic group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms; and k is 0 or 1.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of potentiating cell damage in a target cell population by administering a “restraining agent” and concomitantly or subsequently applying a “targeted cytotoxic insult.” The restraining agent is administered at a concentration and under conditions sufficient to retard, but not to arrest, the progress of the target cell population through the cell cycle, a concept termed “dynamic retardation.” With such a mechanism, all the cells intended for damage by the targeted cytotoxic insult are likely to cycle into the relevant interval of vulnerability (target interval) within the cell cycle, resulting in a larger number of susceptible cells, and the time period during which those cells are vulnerable to the action of a given targeted cytotoxic insult is increased, resulting in a higher probability and percentage of cell killing.

Abstract: The invention relates to the preparation of the compounds isolongifolanol (IUPAC name: 2,2,7,7-tetramethyltricyclo[6.2.1.01,6]undecan-6-ol) and isolongifolenol (IUPAC name: 2,2,7,7-tetramethyltricyclo[6.2.1.01,6]undec-4-en-6-ol) and to the use thereof as fragrance or aroma substance.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel tertiary alcohol compounds which are useful as monomers for the preparation of photoresist materials having high transparency and a great affinity for the substrate and hence suitable for use in photolithography using a light source comprising preferably light having a wavelength of 300 nm or less and more preferably light emitted from an ArF excimer laser.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel octafluorotricyclodecane derivative represented by the general formula (1), where R1 is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydrocarbon group or a halogenated hydrocarbon group, m is 0 or 1, and R2 is represented by the general formula (2), where R3 is a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group optionally having a substituent. This octafluorotricyclodecane derivative may be useful as a monomer for producing various functional polymers or as a raw material of the same.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are fullerene derivatives of the formula, F(—E)n(—R1)p(—R2)q, in which F is a fullerene core; E is a nucleophilic substituent; R1 is an amino group or a hydroxyl group; R2 is an epoxide group and n is 1-30; p is 1-20; and q is 0-10. Also disclosed is a method of preparing such derivatives using polynitrofullerenes or polycyclosulfated fullerenes as intermediates.

Abstract: A method of producing tricyclodecane dicarbaldehyde and/or pentacyclopentadecane dicarbaldehyde by the hydroformylation of dicyclopentadiene and/or tricyclopentadiene. The tricyclodecane dicarbaldehyde and/or pentacyclopentadecane dicarbaldehyde in the hydroformylation product liquid are extracted with an extraction solvent comprising a polyhydric alcohol having 2 to 6 carbon atoms. With such extraction, the tricyclodecane dicarbaldehyde and/or pentacyclopentadecane dicarbaldehyde transfer into the extraction solvent while retaining the catalyst components in the hydroformylation solvent. The controlled extraction atmosphere with an oxygen concentration of 1000 ppm or lower prevents the rhodium compound from transferring into the extraction solvent, thereby avoiding the loss of expensive rhodium.

Abstract: An adamantanemethanol derivative of the invention is represented by the following formula (1), wherein Ra is a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group; Rb is a hydrocarbon group having a carbon atom, to which carbon atom at least one hydrogen atom is bonded, at a bonding site with the adjacent carbon atom; Rc, Rd and Re are each a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group which may be protected by a protective group or the like; provided that a hydroxyl group protected by a protective group or the like is bonded to at least one carbon atom constituting the adamantane skeleton when Ra is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group and Rb is a methyl group; and at least one substituent, in addition to the HO—C(Ra) (Rb)— group indicated in the formula (1), is bonded to the adamantane ring when one of Ra and Rb is a methyl group and the other is an ethyl group.

Abstract: The synthesis of taxol and other tricyclic and tetracyclic taxanes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of alcohols by reduction of the carbonyl function in substrates belonging to the class of aldehydes, ketones, esters or lactones, which substrates may contain unsaturated functions other than carbonyl. This process includes the steps of reacting the carbonyl substrate with stoichiometric amounts of a silane in the presence of catalytic amounts of an active zinc compound which is monomeric and not a hydride, hydrolyzing the thus-obtained siloxane with a basic agent, and separating and purifying, if necessary, the thus-obtained alcohol. The catalytically active compound is generally obtained by the reaction of an oligomeric or polymeric precursor compound of zinc with a complexing agent.

Abstract: With the use of an aqueous solvent containing at least water (e.g. water), and at least one organic solvent selected from esters or ketones and separable from the aqueous solvent, the processes of the invention separate (1) an adamantanediol and an adamantanepolyol having three or more hydroxyl groups per molecule, from a group of adamantanepolyols having plural hydroxyl groups per molecule, distributing the former into an organic solvent layer and the latter into an aqueous solvent layer. Further, (2) an adamantanemonool and the group of adamantanepolyols can be separated from a group of adamantanols having at least one hydroxyl group per molecule with using an aqueous solvent (e.g. aqueous solution of acetic acid) for crystallization of the adamantanemonool.

Abstract: Polyorganofullerene and polyhydroxyorganofullerene derivatives have the respective formulas, F--(E).sub.n and F--(E).sub.n --(OH).sub.m, in which F is a fullerene core; E is a nucleophilic substituent; --OH is a hydroxy group; n is 2-30; and m is 1-20. Also disclosed is a method of preparing such polyorgano-fullerene and polyhydroxyorganofullerene derivatives using polynitrofullerenes or polycyclosulfated fullerenes as intermediates.

Abstract: Antimicrobial diterpenes and methods of using them.

Abstract: The invention provides an alicyclic bifunctional compound represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein R is a carboxyl group, a lower alkoxycarbonyl group or a hydroxymethyl group and n is 0 or 1.

Abstract: A process for producing a benzhydrol compound (II) which comprises hydrogenating a benzophenone compound (I) in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst consisting of a transition metal complex, a base and an optically active diamine compound: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 to R.sup.10 each represents H, OH, C.sub.1-4 alkyl, C.sub.1-4 alkoxy, C.sub.1-4 alkanoyl, etc., R.sup.2 and R.sup.3, and R.sup.8 and R.sup.9 may form --CH.dbd.CH--CH.dbd.CH--, or any two of R.sup.1 to R.sup.9 adjacent to each other may be bonded to thereby form --OCH.sub.2 O-- or --(CH.sub.2).sub.3 --. By using this process, optically active benzhydrol compounds which have a high purity and are useful as, for example, intermediates in the synthesis of drugs can be produced by simple procedures.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of formula in which formula X is hydrogen or hydroxy; R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, which may be the same or different, stand for hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 hydrocarbyl; or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, taken together with the carbon atom bearing the group X, can form a C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 carbocyclic ring; Q is a single bond or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 hydrocarbylene diradical; R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and/or Q may be optionally substituted with one or more fluorine atoms; and prodrugs of formula in which one or more of the hydroxy groups are masked as groups which can be reconverted to hydroxy groups in vivo. The compounds show antiinflammatory and immunomodulating effects as well as stong activity in inducing differentiation and inhibiting undesirable proliferation of certain cells.

Abstract: Immixture of stereoisomeric alcohols is resolved by selectively enzymatically acylating one of the stereoisomers thereof, in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of a hydrolase, for example a lipase, esterase or acylase, in a biphasic hydroorganic reaction medium, and thence separating the alcohol stereoisomer from the ester stereoisomer thus formed.

Abstract: The invention provides an alicyclic bifunctional compound represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein R is a carboxyl group, a lower alkoxycarbonyl group or a hydroxymethyl group and n is 0 or 1.

Abstract: A process for producing 3,4-caranediol of the formula [I] includes subjecting 3,4-epoxycarane, which is obtained by epoxidizing 3-carene under specific conditions, to a hydration reaction in the presence of a base catalyst in aqueous ethanol under pressure to obtain 3,4-caranediol.

Abstract: A method of inhibiting viruses in which a virus is contacted with diamondoid alcohol, ketone, ketone derivative, adamantyl amino acid, quaternary salt or combinations thereof which have antiviral properties. These diamondoid derivatives are shown to have antiviral activity against HIV.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for the treatment of prevention of osteoporosis by the administration of a vitamin D glycoside or vitamin D orthoester glycoside, or an analog thereof.

Abstract: Neuroactive benz[e]indene compounds ##STR1## are prepared by a total synthesis from the following three starting materials ##STR2##

Abstract: Disclosed are a catalyst for directly reducing a carboxylic acid, the catalyst comprising a tin compound and a ruthenium compound supported on a carrier, the catalyst being prepared by the steps of calcining the tin compound in the presence of oxygen after deposition of the tin compound alone on the carrier, and activating the obtained product after deposition of the ruthenium compound on said carrier, a process for preparing the catalyst, and a process for preparing an alcohol compound using the catalyst.

Abstract: A compound selected from those of formula (I): ##STR1## wherein: R.sub.1, R'.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each selected, independently of the others, from hydrogen and an alkyl radical, the two R.sub.2 groups being in the cis position in relation to the rings,and R, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, R.sub.6, R.sub.7, R.sub.8, R.sub.9, R.sub.10, R'a and R'b are as defined in the description,useful therapeutically in the regulation of the secretion of insulin.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for preparing optically active 2-arylcyclohexanol and its esters and ethers and which process comprises the step of subjecting 1-aryl-cyclohexane-1,2 diol and its diethers and diesters to hydrogenolysis conditions to form said cyclohexanol and its esters and ethers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel potassium channel agonists which are useful in activating the calcium activated Maxi-K potassium channel in mammalian neuronal and smooth muscle tissue. The claimed compounds are of the general formula: ##STR1## In addition, a novel microbiological process for producing the claimed compounds is described.

Abstract: Fluorine-substituted vicinal glycols of the formula ##STR1## in which the substituents R.sub.1 to R.sub.4, independently of one another, have the following meanings: R.sub.1 to R.sub.4 =H, fluorine, C.sub.1 - to C.sub.18 -alkyl in which some or all of the hydrogens may be substituted by fluorine, and at least one of the substituents R.sub.1 to R.sub.4 is a completely fluorinated alkyl or an alkyl of the formula--(CH.sub.2).sub.m --(C.sub.n F.sub.2n+1),in which m is 1 or 2, and n is an integer from 1 to 17, and x is 0 or 1.Furthermore, a method for the preparation of the fluorinated vicinal glycols is described. If the fluorinated vicinal glycols are condensed together with dicarboxylic acids, products having enhanced thermal stability are obtained.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for selectively hydroxylating a diamondoid compound to an alcohol of the diamondoid compound comprising contacting the diamondoid compound with an oxygen-containing gas under hydroxylation conditions including temperature of at least about 70.degree. C.

Abstract: The magnesium complexes of cyclic hydrocarbons, such as 1,2-dimethylenecycloalkanes, are readily prepared in high yields using highly reactive magnesium. Reactions of these (2-butene-1,4-diyl)magnesium reagents with electrophiles such as dibromoalkanes, alkylditosylates, or bromoalkylnitriles serve as a convenient method for synthesizing spirocyclic systems. Significantly, spirocarbocycles prepared by thisThe present invention was made with Government support under Contract No. GM35153 awarded by the National Institute of Health. The Government has certain rights in the invention.

Abstract: There is provided a method with which vitamin D.sub.2, vitamin D.sub.3, activated type vitamin D.sub.2, activated type vitamin D.sub.3 and their derivatives are prepared from 7,8 -dihyroxy vitamin D.sub.2, D.sub.3 or any of their derivatives by means of a reducing elimination technique involving as cyclic orthoester of a 7,8-dihydroxy compound or a thiocarbonate compound as an intermediate compound or an elimination technique utilizing a reducing metal such as titanium. The method according to the invention ensures a practical and simple synthetic process and a high yeild as compared with any existing methods for manufacturing these chemicals.

Abstract: Novel tricyclic steriod analogs are disclosed which are 1H-benz[e]indene dodecahydro compounds that are useful for enhancing GABA-induced chloride currents at the GABA receptor/chloride ionophore complex and can be represented by the following structural formulas: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 =H or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl or fluoroalkyl;R.sub.2 =H or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl or fluoroalkyl, in which R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 can be the same or different;R.sub.3 =H or CH.sub.3 ;R.sub.4 =H or CH.sub.3, in which R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 can be the same or different;R.sub.5 =H;R.sub.6 =H;R.sub.5,R.sub.6 =.dbd.O(carbonyl);R.sub.7 =H;R.sub.8 =a hydrogen bond accepting group.R.sub.7,R.sub.8 =.dbd.O(carbonyl); andR'=an ester group.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a process for producing an alcohol or an amine by reducing a compound having a formyl, keto, nitro, oxirane, ester, nitrile, amide or halogenated carboxyl group with an alkali metal boro-hydride in the presence of a compound having a hydroxyl group and ether linkage. According to the present invention, a functional group having a great steric hindrance can be reduced, and a corresponding alcohol or amine can efficiently be produced under very mild conditions on an industrial scale.

Abstract: The invention concerns a novel process for the manufacture of 2-hydroxy-2,5,5-trimethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,7-octahydronaphthalene, 1, commonly known as .alpha.-ambrinol. ##STR1## The process comprises reducing either an 8-halo-2-hydroxy-2,5,5-trimethyl-2,3,4,4a,5,6,7,8-ociahydronaphihalene (11a), alone or in admixture with a 1-halo-2-hydroxy-2,5,5-trimethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,7-octahydronaphthalene (11b), or reducing the 1,2-epoxide which can be formed therefrom, namely, 1,2-epoxy-2,5,5-trimethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,7-octahydronaphihalene (111). The halohydrins 11 are prepared from 1,1,6-trimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphihalene, IV.The compounds of formulas II and III are novel and form part of the present invention. The formula III epoxide possesses valuable odorant properties and its use as an odorant also forms part of the invention.

Abstract: A process for preparing 2-hydroxy-2, 5, 5, 9-tetramethyldecalyl ethanol of formula (II): ##STR1## which comprises reducing 3a, 6, 6, 9a-tetramethyldecahydro-naphto[2, 1-b]furan-2(1H)-one of formula (I): ##STR2## with an alkali metal boron hydride in the presence of a hydroxyl ether compound.