Aromatic Or Carbonyl-containing Reactant Patents (Class 585/409)
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Publication number: 20150141695Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods to produce para-xylene, toluene, and other compounds from renewable sources (e.g., cellulose, hemicellulose, starch, sugar) and ethylene in the presence of a catalyst. For example, cellulose and/or hemicellulose may be converted into 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF), which may be converted into para-xylene by cycloaddition of ethylene to DMF. Para-xylene can then be oxidized to form terephthalic acid.Type: ApplicationFiled: October 20, 2014Publication date: May 21, 2015Applicant: MICROMIDAS, INC.Inventors: Makoto N. MASUNO, Patrick B. SMITH, Dennis A. HUCUL, Adina DUMITRASCU, Katherine BRUNE, Ryan L. SMITH, John A. BISSELL, Marc FOSTER
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Publication number: 20150133705Abstract: The present invention provides methods, reactor systems, and catalysts for increasing the yield of aromatic hydrocarbons produced while converting alkanols to hydrocarbons. The invention includes methods of using catalysts to increase the yield of benzene, toluene, and mixed xylenes in the hydrocarbon product.Type: ApplicationFiled: December 26, 2014Publication date: May 14, 2015Inventors: Paul G. Blommel, Li Yuan, Matthew Van Straten, Warren Lyman, Randy D. Cortright
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Patent number: 8772558Abstract: Embodiments of methods and apparatuses for producing an aromatic hydrocarbon-containing effluent are provided herein. The method comprises the step of rapidly heating a biomass-based feedstock to a first predetermined temperature of from about 300 to about 650° C. in the presence of a catalyst, hydrogen, and an organic solvent within a time period of about 20 minutes or less to form the aromatic hydrocarbon-containing effluent. The biomass-based feedstock comprises lignocellulosic material, lignin, or a combination thereof.Type: GrantFiled: July 26, 2011Date of Patent: July 8, 2014Assignee: UOP LLCInventor: John Qianjun Chen
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Publication number: 20140115955Abstract: Embodiments of the invention include apparatus and systems for hydrocarbon synthesis and methods regarding the same. In an embodiment, the invention includes a method for creating a hydrocarbon product stream comprising reacting a reaction mixture in the presence of a catalyst inside of a reaction vessel to form a product mixture, the reaction mixture comprising a carbon source and water. The temperature inside the reaction vessel can be between 450 degrees Celsius and 600 degrees Celsius and the pressure inside the reaction vessel can be above supercritical pressure for water. In an embodiment, the invention includes an extrusion reactor system for creating a hydrocarbon product stream. The temperature inside the extrusion reactor housing between 450 degrees Celsius and 600 degrees Celsius. Pressure inside the reaction vessel can be above supercritical pressure for water. Other embodiments are also included herein.Type: ApplicationFiled: January 2, 2014Publication date: May 1, 2014Inventors: Clayton V. McNeff, Larry C. McNeff, Daniel Thomas Nowlan, Bingwen Yan, Peter G. Greuel
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Patent number: 8556999Abstract: The present invention provides non-petroleum high-octane fuel derived from biomass sources, and a method of producing same. The method of production involves reducing the biomass feedstocks to sugars, fermenting the sugars using microorganisms or mutagens thereof to produce ethanol or acetic acid, converting the acetic acid or ethanol to acetone, and converting the acetone to mesitylene and isopentane, the major components of the renewable engine fuel. Trimerization of acetone can be carried out in the presence of a catalyst containing at least one metal selected from the group consisting of niobium, iron and manganese. The ethanol can be converted to mesitylene in a dehydration reaction in the presence of a catalyst of zinc oxide/calcium oxide, and unreacted ethanol and water separated from mesitylene by distillation.Type: GrantFiled: March 4, 2010Date of Patent: October 15, 2013Assignee: Swift Fuels, LLCInventors: John J Rusek, Mary-Louise Rusek, Jonathon D Ziulkowski, Justin D Zink
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Publication number: 20130245316Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods to produce para-xylene, toluene, and other compounds from renewable sources (e.g., cellulose, hemicellulose, starch, sugar) and ethylene in the presence of a catalyst. For example, cellulose and/or hemicellulose may be converted into 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF), which may be converted into para-xylene by cycloaddition of ethylene to DMF. Para-xylene can then be oxidized to form terephthalic acid.Type: ApplicationFiled: March 15, 2013Publication date: September 19, 2013Applicant: MICROMIDAS, INC.Inventors: Makoto N. MASUNO, Patrick B. SMITH, Dennis A. HUCUL, Adina DUMITRASCU, Katherine BRUNE, Ryan L. SMITH, John BISSELL, Marc FOSTER
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Patent number: 8313540Abstract: The present invention provides non-petroleum high-octane fuel derived from biomass sources, and a method of producing same. The method of production involves reducing the biomass feedstocks to sugars, fermenting the sugars using microorganisms or mutagens thereof to produce ethanol or acetic acid, converting the acetic acid or ethanol to acetone, and converting the acetone to mesitylene and isopentane, the major components of the renewable engine fuel. Trimerization of acetone can be carried out in the presence of a catalyst containing at least one metal selected from the group consisting of niobium, iron and manganese. The ethanol can be converted to mesitylene in a dehydration reaction in the presence of a catalyst of zinc oxide/calcium oxide, and unreacted ethanol and water separated from mesitylene by distillation.Type: GrantFiled: March 4, 2010Date of Patent: November 20, 2012Assignee: Swift Fuels, LLCInventors: John J Rusek, Mary-Louise Rusek, Jonathon D Ziulkowski, Justin D Zink
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Patent number: 8278237Abstract: A catalyst for producing aromatic compounds from lower hydrocarbons while improving activity life stability of methane conversion rate; benzene formation rate; naphthalene formation rate; and total formation rate of benzene, toluene and xylene is formed by loading molybdenum and copper on metallo-silicate serving as a substrate and then calcining the metallo-silicate. When the catalyst is reacted with a reaction gas containing lower hydrocarbons and carbonic acid gas, aromatic compounds are produced. In order to obtain the catalyst, it is preferable that molybdenum and copper are loaded on zeolite formed of metallo-silicate after the zeolite is treated with a silane compound larger than a pore of the zeolite in diameter and having an amino group and a straight-chain hydrocarbon group, the amino group being able to selectively react with the zeolite at a Bronsted acid point of the zeolite. It is preferable that a loaded amount of molybdenum is within a range of from 2 to 12 wt.Type: GrantFiled: February 13, 2008Date of Patent: October 2, 2012Assignee: Meidensha CorporationInventors: Shinichi Yamada, Tomohiro Yamada, Yuji Ogawa, Hirokazu Akiyama, Takuya Hatagishi
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Publication number: 20120157734Abstract: The present invention relates to production of fuels or fuel blendstocks from renewable sources. Various embodiments provide a method of producing a hydrocarbon product by hydrotreating a feedstock including at least one of a renewable triacylglyceride (TAG), renewable free fatty acid (FFA), and renewable fatty acid C1-C5 alkyl ester (C1-C5 FAE) in the presence of a nonsulfided hydrotreating catalyst to produce a first product including hydrocarbons. In some examples, the first product can be subjected to further chemical transformations such as aromatization, cracking, or isomerization to produce a second product including hydrocarbons. In various embodiments, the first or second hydrocarbon product with minimal or substantially no further processing can be suitable as a liquid transportation fuel or fuel blendstock, including fuels such as gasoline, naptha, kerosene, jet fuel, and diesel fuels.Type: ApplicationFiled: December 22, 2011Publication date: June 21, 2012Inventors: Joshua R. Strege, Benjamin G. Oster, Paul D. Pansegrau, Chad A. Wocken, Ted R. Aulich, Mare D. Kurz
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Publication number: 20120157733Abstract: A method of producing a hydrocarbon product by hydrotreating a feedstock comprising triacylglyceride (TAG) and TAG-derived materials such as free fatty acid (FFA) and fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) in the presence of a nonsulfided hydrotreating catalyst to produce a first product comprising hydrocarbons. A method of producing a transportation fuel by selecting an undoped feedstock comprising virgin TAG, used TAG, FFA, and FAME or a combination thereof; hydrotreating the undoped feedstock in the presence of an unsulfided hydrotreating catalyst to produce a first product and subjecting the first product to at least one process selected from aromatization, cyclization, and isomerization to produce a second hydrocarbon product selected from gasoline, kerosene, jet fuel, and diesel fuels. A method is described by which fatty acids may be converted to hydrocarbons suitable for use as liquid transportation fuels.Type: ApplicationFiled: June 27, 2009Publication date: June 21, 2012Inventors: Joshua R. Strege, Benjamin G. Oster, Paul D. Pansegrau, Chad A. Wocken, Ted R. Aulich, Marc Kurz
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Patent number: 7939699Abstract: Catalysts comprising cobalt on a titania support are produced by mixing together particles of a solid titania support and an aqueous solution of cobalt amine carbonate, and heating to an elevated temperature sufficient to effect decomposition of the cobalt amine carbonate and precipitation of a cobalt species onto said support. The catalysts are useful in hydrogenation and Fischer-Tropsch reactions.Type: GrantFiled: November 9, 2010Date of Patent: May 10, 2011Assignee: Johnson Matthey PLCInventor: Cornelis Martinus Lok
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Publication number: 20110065924Abstract: Provided is a method of preparing asymmetric anthracene derivative, more particularly, a method for high-yield production of an anthracene derivative in which an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, a heterocycloalkyl group, an aryl group or a heteroaryl group is introduced at position 2 of anthracene, and an aryl group or a heteroaryl group is introduced at each of positions 9 and 10 of the anthracene.Type: ApplicationFiled: May 14, 2009Publication date: March 17, 2011Applicant: DOOSAN CORPORATIONInventors: Tae-Hyung Kim, Kyoung-Soo Kim
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Publication number: 20100137666Abstract: A catalyst for aromatizing a lower hydrocarbon, in order to increase the amount of production of useful aromatic compounds, such as benzene and toluene, by improving the methane conversion rate, the benzene formation rate, the naphthalene formation rate and the BTX formation rate (or a total formation rate of benzene, toluene and xylene) is such that molybdenum and silver are loaded on a metallosilicate as a substrate. It is more preferable to obtain the aromatizing catalyst by loading molybdenum and silver after modifying a zeolite formed of the metallosilicate with a silane compound that has a molecular diameter larger than a pore diameter of the zeolite and that has an amino group, which selectively reacts at a Bronsted acid point of the zeolite, and a straight-chain hydrocarbon group.Type: ApplicationFiled: March 28, 2008Publication date: June 3, 2010Inventors: Shinichi Yamada, Tomohiro Yamada, Yuji Ogawa, Takuya Hatagishi, Yo Yamamoto, Yoshio Sugiyama
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Patent number: 6844478Abstract: New polycyclic cyclopentadiene compounds having the formula (II) wherein the various substituents and symbols R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, Z1 and Z2 and “n” have the meaning specified in the description.Type: GrantFiled: March 20, 2001Date of Patent: January 18, 2005Assignee: Polimeri Europa S.p.A.Inventors: Paolo Biagini, Diego Vigliarolo, Giampietro Borsotti, Roberto Santi
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Patent number: 6489528Abstract: A catalyst system comprising a first solid material comprising a silicoaluminophosphate and a second solid material comprising a zeolite and a compound containing zinc and a metal selected from the group consisting of Group IIIA and Group VIB, and a method of preparing such catalyst system, are disclosed. The thus-obtained catalyst system is employed as a catalyst in the conversion of at least a portion of a hydrocarbon feedstock comprising oxygenated hydrocarbons to aromatics (BTX), and, in particular, xylenes. In an alternate embodiment, a hydrocarbon feedstock comprising oxygenated hydrocarbons are converted to aromatics by sequentially contacting the hydrocarbon feedstock with the first solid material and then the second solid material.Type: GrantFiled: January 10, 2002Date of Patent: December 3, 2002Assignee: Phillips Petroleum CompanyInventors: Charles A. Drake, An-hsiang Wu
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Patent number: 6187982Abstract: A process useful in steam cracking is disclosed for selectively converting a feed comprising C4+ dienes and oxygenate to a product comprising increased C2+ monoolefins and para-xylene levels by contacting said feed under diolefin conversion conditions with a catalyst comprising a porous crystalline material having a Diffusion Parameter for 2,2-dimethylbutane of about 0.1-100 sec−1 when measured at a temperature of 120° C. and a 2,2-dimethylbutane pressure of 60 torr (8 kPa), a temperature of 430° C. and 0.5 WHSV.Type: GrantFiled: October 15, 1999Date of Patent: February 13, 2001Assignee: Mobil Oil CorporationInventors: Jeffrey S. Beck, Stephen H. Brown, William A. Weber
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Patent number: 5977422Abstract: This invention relates to an improved catalytic process for the alkylation of benzene or substituted benzene with alkyl halides for the continuous production of diarylalkanes or substituted derivatives thereof using ethylaluminum dichloride or methylaluminum dichloride as an organoaluminum dichloride catalyst. A process and apparatus are provided for reacting either benzene (or a substituted benzene compound) together with either an alkyl halide or an aromatic halide.Type: GrantFiled: June 9, 1997Date of Patent: November 2, 1999Assignee: The Dow Chemical CompanyInventors: Steven A. Costello, Douglas L. Potts, Randall F. Pogue
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Patent number: 5892038Abstract: Compounds of Formula I ##STR1## are disclosed as inhibitors of plasmepsin and cathepsin D. The compounds are therefore useful to treat diseases such as malaria. In preferred compounds of formula I, Y is the residue of an N-acylated amino acid, a substituted 4-aminoproline or a substituted piperazinealkanoic acid. Intermediates in the solid phase synthesis of compounds of formula I, in which the compounds are attached to a solid support, are also disclosed.Type: GrantFiled: December 8, 1997Date of Patent: April 6, 1999Assignee: Pharmacopeia, Inc.Inventors: Roland Ellwood Dolle, III, Hitesh K. Patel
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Patent number: 5728918Abstract: A cobalt catalyst for use in the Fischer Tropsch reaction of synthesis gas to form hydrocarbons is activated or regenerated by treatment of a cobalt containing catalyst with a gas containing carbon monoxide, said gas containing less than 30% v hydrogen. The catalyst obtained has increased activity and greater selectivity towards producing C.sub.5 + hydrocarbons.Type: GrantFiled: November 12, 1996Date of Patent: March 17, 1998Assignee: The British Petroleum Company p.l.c.Inventors: Barry Nay, Mark Royston Smith, Clive David Telford
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Patent number: 5087781Abstract: Mesitylene (1,3,5 trimethylbenzene) is made by passing acetone in the vapor phase over a niobium catalyst. The catalyst is preferably made by impregnating a silica support with 2% niobium by weight and calcining for about 18 hours at about 550.degree. C. 70% selectivity is obtained at 60-80% by weight conversion.Type: GrantFiled: June 6, 1991Date of Patent: February 11, 1992Assignee: Aristech Chemical CorporationInventors: Alain A. Schutz, Leonard A. Cullo
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Patent number: 5079386Abstract: Process for preparing an alkyl substituted tetralin or indane by reacting a benzyl alcohol with an alkene having 4-7 carbon atoms under the influence of a Lewis acid catalyst. The product can be further reacted with an acyl halide or alkylene epoxide without prior isolated from the initial reaction mixture.Type: GrantFiled: October 19, 1990Date of Patent: January 7, 1992Assignee: Unilever Patent Holdings B.V.Inventors: Stephen E. Meakins, Keith R. Motion, Christopher P. Newman
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Patent number: 5023390Abstract: A process for production of 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene is disclosed; comprising the steps: (1) an acylation step where 2,4-dimethylisobutyrophenone is produced from m-xylene, propylene and carbon monoxide: (2) a hydrogenation step where the carbonyl group of the above 2,4-dimethylisobutyrophenone is hydrogenated: and (3) a dehydrogenation and cyclization step where the above hydrogenated product is subjected to dehydrogenation and cyclization to produce the desired 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene. The process enables efficiently producing high quality or high purity 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene.Type: GrantFiled: September 12, 1989Date of Patent: June 11, 1991Assignee: Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company, Inc.Inventors: Takafumi Abe, Shuji Ebata, Hiroshi Machida, Koichi Kida
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Patent number: 5008479Abstract: A process for production of 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene is disclosed, comprising the steps: (1) an acylation step where p-tolyl sec-butyl ketone is produced from toluene, n-butene and carbon monoxide: (2) a hydrogenation step where the carbonyl group of the p-tolyl sec-butyl ketone is hydrogenated: and (3) a dehydrogenation and cyclization step where the hydrogenated product obtained above is subjected to dehydrogenation and cyclization to produce the desired 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene. The process enables efficiently producing a high quality or high purity 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene.Type: GrantFiled: July 5, 1989Date of Patent: April 16, 1991Assignee: Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company, Inc.Inventors: Takafumi Abe, Seiji Uchiyama, Takahiro Ojima, Koichi Kida
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Patent number: 4997991Abstract: The invention provides an inexpensive synthesis process for preparation of diethynylbenzene monomers that are useful in the preparation of polyacetylenes. This process provides for the preparation of thermally sensitive monomers in a one-pot reaction using readily available materials at low temperatures in an environment capable of absorbing large amounts of energy. Divinylbenzene is first brominated and then dehydrobrominated with sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide preferably in the presence of a phase transfer agent followed by distillation to recover the diethylnylbenzene product.Type: GrantFiled: March 26, 1990Date of Patent: March 5, 1991Assignee: Hercules IncorporatedInventors: Lawrence E. Carosino, David C. Herak
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Patent number: 4983274Abstract: The catalytic properties of a metal-containing shape selective crystalline silicate zeolite are significantly improved by converting said metal to an intermetallic compound. Thus, for example, zeolite beta containing the intermetallic component platinum zeolite demonstrates improved catalytic properties for dewaxing a hydrocarbon feedstock compared to zeolite beta containing platinum metal alone.Type: GrantFiled: October 6, 1988Date of Patent: January 8, 1991Assignee: Mobil Oil Corp.Inventors: Nai Y. Chen, Thomas F. Degnan, Paul B. Weisz
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Patent number: 4855520Abstract: A process for the preparation of a substituted naphthacene is disclosed wherein a 1,3-diphenylpropargyl alcohol is reacted with an alkanesulfonyl halide, the resultant reaction product is heated in the presence of a hindered amine base and the resultant substituted naphthacene is recovered.Type: GrantFiled: August 3, 1987Date of Patent: August 8, 1989Assignee: American Cyanamid CompanyInventor: Amy P. Essenfeld
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Patent number: 4740646Abstract: Indanes are prepared by reacting substituted or unsubstituted benzyl halides with olefins in the presence of a Lewis acid as catalyst by reacting benzyl halides I ##STR1## (where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 =hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, aryl, aryloxy, aralkylR.sup.3 =R.sup.1, halogen or an ortho-fused ring systemX=halogen)with olefins II ##STR2## (where R.sup.4 to R.sup.7 =hydrogen or alkyl unbranched at alpha) in the presence of catalytic amounts of titanium tetrachloride.Type: GrantFiled: July 23, 1987Date of Patent: April 26, 1988Assignee: BASF AktiengesellschaftInventors: Erhard Henkes, Klaus Halbritter, Herbert Mayr, Wilhelm Striepe, Rudolf Pock
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Patent number: 4734533Abstract: Process for the preparation of (2,2)-paracyclophane or derivatives thereof by the Hofmann elimination of p.-methylbenzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide or derivatives thereof, in an aqueous solution of an alkali metal hydroxide, wherein said elimination is carried out in the presence of a ketone of the formula:Ch.sub.3 --CO--CH.sub.2 --R (I)wherein R is hydrogen, a halogen, or an alkyl-carboxylic group.Type: GrantFiled: December 12, 1986Date of Patent: March 29, 1988Assignee: Montedison S.p.A.Inventors: Raffaele Ungarelli, Maurizio A. Beretta, Alessandro Malacrida, Loris Sogli
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Patent number: 4724270Abstract: The acidity of a zeolite catalyst is reduced by calcination in an essentially water-free atmosphere at temperatures above 700.degree. C., preferably from 725.degree. to 800.degree. C., to reduce the alpha value to less than 10 percent of its original value. The low acidity catalysts produced in this way may be used for conversions requiring low acidity, shape selective catalysis, including conversion of oxygenates to hydrocarbons. The calcined, low acidity catalysts exhibit improved selectivity to certain desired products.Type: GrantFiled: December 19, 1986Date of Patent: February 9, 1988Assignee: Mobil Oil CorporationInventors: Clarence D. Chang, Stuart D. Hellring, Richard F. Socha
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Patent number: 4677238Abstract: Disclosed is the vapor phase cyclodehydration of an aldehyde or ketone over a solid catalyst which comprises phosphoric acid on a solid inorganic oxide support to make indene or a substituted indene according to the equation: ##STR1##Type: GrantFiled: September 12, 1986Date of Patent: June 30, 1987Assignee: The Standard Oil CompanyInventors: S. Erik Pedersen, Linda L. Pfingsten
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Patent number: 4665269Abstract: Feedstock comprising oxygenates is converted to product comprising hydrocarbons over catalyst having been prepared by reacting a high-silica zeolite with an acidic inorganic oxide in the presence of water.Type: GrantFiled: October 29, 1985Date of Patent: May 12, 1987Assignee: Mobil Oil CorporationInventors: Pochen Chu, William E. Garwood
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Patent number: 4645864Abstract: A method for increasing the total amount of lattice metal in the framework of a particular porous inorganic crystalline composition, its conversion to hydrogen or hydronium form and use thereof as a catalyst component having enhanced catalytic activity for conversion of oxygenates to hydrocarbons is provided.Type: GrantFiled: January 8, 1986Date of Patent: February 24, 1987Assignee: Mobil Oil CorporationInventors: Clarence D. Chang, Joseph N. Miale
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Patent number: 4634517Abstract: A class of catalysts which exhibit superior activity maintenance in dehydrocyclization reactions are defined as a type L zeolite having exchangeable cations of which at least 75% are selected from Group IA and calcium and barium cations and containing well dispersed particles of at least one Group VIII noble metal where at least 90% of the noble metal prior to reduction thereof is dispersed in the form of particles having a diameter less than 7 .ANG.. The catalysts may also be identified as type L zeolites loaded with at least one Group VIII noble metal which have a terminal cracking index (as a measure of production of pentanes versus butanes from hexane) of at least 1.5.Type: GrantFiled: March 10, 1986Date of Patent: January 6, 1987Assignee: Exxon Research and Engineering CompanyInventors: Samuel J. Tauster, Angelo A. Montagna, John J. Steger, Shun C. Fung, Virginia R. Cross
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Patent number: 4568782Abstract: Disclosed is the vapor phase cyclodehydration of an aldehyde or ketone over a solid Lewis acid as catalyst to make indene or a substituted indene according to the equation: ##STR1##Type: GrantFiled: June 17, 1985Date of Patent: February 4, 1986Assignee: The Standard Oil CompanyInventors: Marco Pagnotta, Mark C. Cesa, James D. Burrington
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Patent number: 4556743Abstract: A process is disclosed for selectively decarbonylating a compound of the formula ##STR1## in a mixture containing I and a compound of the formula ##STR2## wherein R is hydrogen or at least one lower alkyl group and R.sup.1 is hydrogen or a lower alkyl group. In such a process, the mixture is treated with a catalytically effective amount of a palladium catalyst to selectively decarbonylate the compound of formula I therein and the compound of formula II is recovered from the treated mixture.Type: GrantFiled: July 2, 1984Date of Patent: December 3, 1985Assignee: Chem-Fleur International, Inc.Inventors: James E. McKenna, Thomas Plocek
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Patent number: 4452691Abstract: A process for upgrading heavy oil to fuel products comprises deasphalting the heavy oil with an oxygenated solvent and simultaneously converting the oxygenated solvent and deasphalted oil over a ZSM-5 type catalyst to produce gasoline and distillate boiling range hydrocarbons.Type: GrantFiled: March 17, 1983Date of Patent: June 5, 1984Assignee: Mobil Oil CorporationInventor: Robert E. Polomski
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Patent number: 4238318Abstract: Novel crystalline silicates which in dehydrated form have the composition in terms of moles of the oxides: (1.0.+-.0.3)(R).sub.2/n O.[aFe.sub.2 O.sub.3.bAl.sub.2 O.sub.3.cGa.sub.2 O.sub.3.y(dSiO.sub.2.eGeO.sub.2)], wherein R is one or more mono- or bivalent cations and a, b, c, d, e, y and n are as defined hereinafter are disclosed. The thermally stable silicates are suitably employed as extracting agents, drying agents, ion exchange agents, catalysts and catalyst carriers.Type: GrantFiled: October 10, 1979Date of Patent: December 9, 1980Assignee: Shell Oil CompanyInventors: Herman W. Kouwenhoven, Willem H. J. Stork
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Patent number: 4232178Abstract: A process is disclosed for the conversion of certain difficultly converted aliphatic oxygen-containing hydrocarbons to aromatic hydrocarbons by contacting them in low concentrations with certain other aliphatic oxygen-containing hydrocarbons over certain crystalline silicates containing iron in their structure.Type: GrantFiled: May 29, 1979Date of Patent: November 4, 1980Assignee: Shell Oil CompanyInventors: Lambert Schaper, Swan T. Sie
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Patent number: 4225734Abstract: A process for the production of symmetrical olefins is provided comprising the reductive coupling of ketones and aldehydes with reactive Ti(II) and/or Ti(O) species.Type: GrantFiled: August 8, 1978Date of Patent: September 30, 1980Assignee: The Regents of the University of CaliforniaInventor: John E. McMurry
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Patent number: 4192824Abstract: A method of producing a condensation product by reacting together an aromatic hydrocarbon with a carbonyl compound having more than one carbon atom (therefore excluding formaldehyde) in the presence of aluminium chloride or bromide, at a temperature of from 5.degree. to 90.degree. C. The aluminium chloride or bromide should be substantially anhydrous. The aromatic hydrocarbon should be mono- or bi-nuclear and may be alkylated. The carbonyl compound may be an aldehyde or a betone and may be albyl or aryl.Type: GrantFiled: January 9, 1979Date of Patent: March 11, 1980Assignee: Coal Industry (Patents) LimitedInventors: Joseph G. Robinson, David I. Barnes
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Patent number: 4166189Abstract: Method for the production of branched chain esters comprising contacting methanol and/or dimethyl ether and carbon monoxide with zinc iodide at a temperature of from about 180.degree. C. to 450.degree. C. Improved selectivity to methyl pivalate is obtained by incorporating ethylene, propylene and/or isobutylene into the reaction mixture.Type: GrantFiled: April 24, 1978Date of Patent: August 28, 1979Assignee: Shell Oil CompanyInventors: Milton M. Wald, Leo Kim
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Patent number: 4153630Abstract: An inclusion compound comprising meta-cyclophane of the formula ##STR1## and at least one benzene derivative included therein. And a process for separating an isomer containing a substituent at least at the 1- and 4-positions from a mixture containing isomers of a benzene derivative, which comprises contacting the meta-cyclophane with the mixture containing isomers of a benzene derivative thereby to form an inclusion compound in which an isomer containing a substituent at least at the 1- and 4-positions is included in the meta-cyclophane, then separating the inclusion compound from the mixture, and thereafter separating the isomer from the inclusion compound.Type: GrantFiled: October 26, 1976Date of Patent: May 8, 1979Assignee: Teijin LimitedInventors: Yataro Ichikawa, Yoshiyuki Yamanaka, Hideki Tsuruta, Mamoru Yamamoto, Kenichi Kato