Abstract: The invention relates to a process and an apparatus for the production of aromatic hydrocarbons from an aliphatic hydrocarbon charge with 2 to 12 carbon atoms.The process comprises a stage of contacting a charge of at least one aliphatic hydrocarbon with 2 to 12 carbon atoms and a zeolitic catalyst composition optionally containing at least one metal, in a reaction zone (40) containing reaction tubes (3), said reaction zone being heated by at least partial immersion in an enclosure (1) containing a fluidized particle bed (13), characterized in that said particle bed is at least partly heated by a heat supply (19,23) resulting from the injection of hot gases produced in a zone outside said enclosure and introduced into the fluidized bed under conditions such that the reaction temperature is 400.degree. to 600.degree. C.Application to the production of benzene, toluene and xylenes.

Abstract: A catalytic dehydrogenation and/or dehydrocyclization of paraffins.

Abstract: A process for preparing aromatic compounds, wherein a gaseous feed containing C.sub.6 to C.sub.20 hydrocarbons is reacted in the presence of a catalyst, which catalyst comprises a metal from Group VIII of the Periodic Table loaded on a hydrotalcite-type support material having in its uncalcined state the general formulaMe(II).sub.x Me(III).sub.y (CO.sub.3)(OH).sub.2x+3y-2 . aqwith an x-ray diffraction (d003) greater than about 7.4 Angstroms, and whereinMe(II) is at least one divalent metal selected from the group comprising copper, magnesium, manganese, zinc and a metal from Group VIII of the Periodic Table;Me(III) is at least one trivalent metal selected from the group comprising aluminum, chromium and iron; andx and y are positive numbers satisfying the following relationship x/y.gtoreq.0.5.

Abstract: A novel catalyst composition comprising a crystalline aluminosilicate having a molar ratio of silica to alumina of at least 5:1, the aluminosilicate carrying gallium and copper, is useful in the conversion at elevated temperature of a C.sub.2 -C.sub.12 hydrocarbon feedstock into aromatic hydrocarbons.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon conversion processes using a crystalline zeolite SSZ-31.

Abstract: A solid composition of matter selected from the group consisting of:(a) a component comprising: (1) an oxide of lanthanum and a component comprising: (2) at least one material selected from the group consisting of halogen ions, compounds containing halogen ions, tin and compounds containing tin; and(b) a component comprising: (1) at least one material selected from the group consisting of Group IA metals and compounds containing said metals, a component comprising: (2) at least one metal selected from the group consisting of lanthanum and compounds containing lanthanum and, optionally, a component comprising: (3) at least one material selected from the group consisting of halogen ions, compounds containing halogen ions, tin and compounds containing tin,and a method for the oxidative conversion of organic compounds to other organic compounds, particularly in the presence of a free oxygen containing gas.

Abstract: The catalyst is an L-type zeolite with platinum supported thereon, which is then treated with a halogen-containing compound. The catalyst has a long catalyst life and is extremely useful for the preparation of aromatic hydrocarbons from aliphatic hydrocarbons. The process using the catalyst provides a production of aromatic hydrocarbons with a high yield.

Abstract: There is provided a process for converting methane to hydrocarbons having at least two carbon atoms (i.e. higher hydrocarbons). The process involves oxidizing methane with a metal sulfide oxidizing agent. After this conversion of methane, the reduced metal sulfide may be regenerated by oxidation of the reduced metal sulfide.

Abstract: A catalyst comprising a novel zeolite NU-87, is useful in a wide variety of hydrocarbon conversion reactions including isomerisation, transalkylation and alkylation.

Abstract: A process for the production of olefins and aromatics from hydrocarbon feedstocks by catalytically cracking alone or cracking and dehydrogenating the hydrocarbons in the presence of an entrained stream of catalytic heat carrying solids at short residence times to preferentially produce olefins having three or more carbon atoms and/or to produce aromatics, especially benzene.

Abstract: A catalytic process for converting low molecular weight non-aromatic compounds into higher molecular weight aromatic compounds utilizes a unique zeolite catalyst with improved hydrocarbon conversion. The catalyst is a crystalline aluminosilicate having a SiO.sub.2 /Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 ratio greater than 5 and preferably a MFI or MEL zeolite. The zeolite contains a Group VIIIA metal, preferably nickel, and is subjected to thermal or hydrothermal treatments under controlled conditions of temperature, time or steam partial pressure so as to effect a decrease in the amount of carbon deposited as the zeolite catalyst. The catalyst can be used in a process for the conversion of light hydrocarbon feedstocks to improve aromatization activity.

Abstract: A method for the oxidative conversion of methane, to higher hydrocarbons, particularly ethylene and ethane, in which a methane-containing gas, such as natural gas, and a free oxygen containing gas are contacted with a contact material selected from the group consisting of:(a) a component comprising: (1) at least one oxide of a metal selected from the group consisting of calcium, strontium and barium and, optionally, a component comprising: (2) at least one material selected from the group consisting of chloride ions, compounds containing chloride ions, tin and compounds containing tin;(b) a component comprising: (1) at least one metal selected from the group consisting of sodium, potassium and compounds containing said metals, a component comprising: (2) at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Group IIA metals and compounds containing said metals, and, optionally, a component comprising: (3) at least one material selected from the group consisting of chloride ions, compounds containing chlori

Abstract: A method for converting methane to higher hydrocarbon products and coproduct water wherein a gas comprising methane and a gaseous oxidant are contacted with a nonacidic catalyst at temperatures within the range of about 700.degree. to 1200.degree. C. in the presence of a halogen promoter, the contacting being conducted in the substantial absence of alkali metals or compounds thereof.

Abstract: A combination process for the conversion of C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 aliphatic hydrocarbons into easily transportable hydrocarbons of greater molecular weight. The combination process comprises converting the C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 aliphatic hydrocarbons to aromatic hydrocarbons in a dehydrocyclodimerization reaction zone after which the aromatic product is isomerized in the presence of hydrogen from the dehydrocyclodimerization reaction step to produce transportable aliphatic hydrocarbons.

Abstract: The concentration of aromatics in a hydrocarbon feedstock, preferably a diesel oil, is increased by contacting the feedstock in the presence of hydrogen at an elevated temperature and pressure with a catalyst devoid of Group VIB metal components and comprising nickel and/or cobalt components supported on a mixture of one or more amorphous, inorganic, refractory oxide components and an acidic, crystalline, intermediate pore molecular sieve, preferably a mixture of alumina and silicalite.

Abstract: An improvement in the process for the oxidative coupling of methane is provided. Typically, the reaction takes place in a reactor that includes a catalyst zone. A primary CH.sub.4 /O.sub.2 stream is fed into the entrance of the reactor and reacted at a temperature of 600.degree. C.-1000.degree. C. and a pressure of between 101 kPa and 800 kPa. The improvement comprises introducing an auxiliary oxygen stream directly into the catalyst zone and one or more points to thereby selectively increase the yield of C.sub.2+ products.

Abstract: A crystalline zeolite SSZ-33 is prepared using a quaternary ion as a template wherein said zeolite is used in hydrocarbon conversion processes.

Abstract: The invention relates to an efficient process for the production of higher hydrocarbon from the catalyzed conversion of acetylene. This invention describes the use of a nickel or cobalt-containing zeolite catalyst, coupled with the addition of a hydrogen donor co-reactant to the acetylene feed, to obtain continuous and complete conversion of acetylene to other hydrocarbons. The catalyst/reactant feed process described eliminates rapid catalyst deactivation.

Abstract: A zeolite, designated zeolite NU-86, having a molar composition expressed by the formula 100 XO.sub.2 : equal to or less than 10 Y.sub.2 O.sub.3 : equal to less than 20 R.sub.2/n O where R is one or more cations of valency n, X is silicon and/or germanium, Y is one or more of aluminum, iron, gallium, boron, titanium, vanadium, zirconium, molybdenum, arsenic, antimony, chromium and manganese and having an X-ray diffraction pattern including the lines shown in Table 1 is prepared from a reaction mixture comprising XO.sub.2 (preferably silica), Y.sub.2 O.sub.3 (preferably alumina) and a polymethylene alpha, omega-diammonium cation. This zeolite is a useful catalyst for a variety of reactions.

Abstract: A method for the oxidative conversion of feed organic compounds, such as methane and ethane, to product organic compounds, such as ethylene, in the presence of a free oxygen containing gas and a contact material comprising: (1) Group IA and/or Group IIA metals/O.sub.2 /halogen; (2) Group IA metals/La Series metals/O.sub.2 /halogen and, optionally, Group IIA metals; (3) Group IA metals/Zn/O.sub.2 /halogen and, optionally, Group IIA metals; (4) Group IA metals/Ti or Zr/O.sub.2 /halogen and, optionally, Group IIA metals; (5) Group IA and/or IIA metals/phosphate/halogen or (6) Co/Zr, Zn, Nb, In, Pb and/or Bi/P/O.sub.2 halogen, and, optionally, Group IA metals and/or S, in which a contact material containing no halogen or an ineffective amount are activated and/or regenerated by contacting them with a halogen and, when the contact material is contact material (6), with a reducing agent or both a reducing agent and a halogen.

Abstract: An integrated process is disclosed that substantially reduces the cost of producing MTBE and other alkyl tertalkyl ethers by eliminating a major portion of the equipment and operating costs associated with the downstream processing of the etherification reactor effluent. The integrated process combines the process for the etherification of iso-olefins and methanol, or other alkanols, to produce methyl tertiary alkyl ethers such as MTBE and/or TAME with the catalytic process for converting feedstock such as oxygenates, light olefins and paraffins to higher molecular weight hydrocarbons. Unconverted reactants from the etherification reaction, which may comprise unreacted alkanol and unreacted hydrocarbons or just unreacted hydrocarbons, are separated from the product ethers and passed to the catalytic conversion process reactor for conversion to gasoline boiling range hydrocarbons.

Abstract: This invention is a process for the catalytic cracking of paraffins to produce linear olefins while minimizing production of aromatics and branched olefins. The catalyst used is an alkali(ne-erath) metal oxide, optionally supported on a porous oxidic carrier.

Abstract: Methane is upgraded to higher molecular weight hydrocarbons in a process using a novel catalyst comprising oxides of boron, tin and zinc. The feed admixture also comprises oxygen. The novel catalyst may comprise one or more Group I-A or II-A elements, preferably potassium and is characterized by its method of manufacture.

Abstract: A method for converting methane to higher hydrocarbon products and coproduct water wherein a gas comprising methane and a gaseous oxidant are contacted with a nonacidic catalyst at temperatures within the range of about 700.degree. to 1200.degree. C. in the presence of a halogen promoter, the contacting being conducted in the substantial absence of alkali metals or compounds thereof.

Abstract: A method for the oxidative conversion of methane, at a high conversion and high selectivity to ethylene and ethane, in which a methane-containing gas, such as a natural gas, and an oxygen-containing gas are contacted with a contact material comprising lithium, in an effective amount, preferably 0.1 to 50 wt. % (expressed as the metal), and magnesium oxide, as by passing a mixture of the methane-containing gas and the oxygen-containing gas through a body of the contact material.

Abstract: A high-octane gasoline is produced by the conversion of a light hydrocarbon containing C.sub.2 -C.sub.7 paraffins and/or C.sub.2 -C.sub.7 olefins using a crystalline aluminogallosilicate containing about 0.1-2.5% by weight of aluminum and about 0.1-5% by weight of gallium in the skeleton thereof and having a particle size in the range of about 0.05-20 .mu.m, with at least 80% by weight of the crystalline aluminogallosilicate having a particle size of 0.1-10 .mu.m.

Abstract: The C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 olefin yield is unexpectedly increased while coke and heavy aromatics production are decreased by the addition of a propane-rich supplemental feedstream in a process for catalytically upgrading C.sub.5 -C.sub.7 paraffinic feedstreams. Further benefits include increased conversion of the C.sub.5 -C.sub.7 paraffinic feedstream, decreased coke production and prolonged catalyst useful life. Udex raffinate is a particularly preferred feedstream.

Abstract: Yield is improved in a fluid-bed catalytic paraffin aromatization process by tailoring heat transfer to match the endothermic heat load within the fluid bed.

Abstract: Ternary oxide phases, including copper oxide, which exhibit unusal electronic properties, have been determined to exhibit catalytic function for the oxidiation of carbon monoxide, the hydrogenation of ethylene and the cracking of hydrocarbons.

Abstract: Therein is provided a process for the aromatization of non-aromatic hydrocarbons having at least two carbon atoms. The non-aromatic feed is contacted with a catalyst which includes gallium or zinc which is incorporated into or onto a pillared layered silicate. A preferred pillared layered silicate is kenyaite containing interspathic silica.

Abstract: Aliphatic C.sub.2 to C.sub.12 hydrocarbon(s) are converted to olefin(s) and/or aromatic(s) in the presence of a low acidity Group VIII metal-containing zeolite MCM-22 catalyst, said zeolite exhibiting an Alpha value of not greater than about 150.

Abstract: A fluid bed catalytic paraffin upgrading process is disclosed. By closely controlling catalyst particle size distribution and density, together with feedstock superficial vapor velocity, the fluid bed is maintained in a turbulent flow regime. Surprisingly, maintaining the fluid bed in a turbulent flow regime shifts the product selectivity away from methane and ethane and toward the more valuable products hydrogen, light olefins and C.sub.5 + gasoline. In the most preferred embodiment, the catalyst contains a dehydrogenation metal component such as gallium, zinc, platinum or rhenium to provide a C.sub.5+ gasoline product rich in aromatics. Catalysts useful in the inventive process include zeolites as well as layered siliceous materials.

Abstract: A catalyst for promoting the molecular restructuring of the components of hydrocarbons to form desired products. The catalyst comprises copper salts, copper acetate being particularly preferred, in combination with anhydrous aluminum chloride. The catalyst can be used with either gaseous hydrocarbon raw materials such as natural gas, refinery gas, biomass decomposition gases, and similar materials, or with solids, meltable solids, or liquid hydrocarbon-containing raw materials including tar sands, oil shale, waxes, asphaltic compositions and the like. In the case of gaseous raw materials, the gases are preferably brought into contact with the copper salt coated on a catalyst support such as refractory alumina, in the presence of anhydrous aluminum chloride, which can be in vaporous form, in a continuous process.

Abstract: There is provided a process for the aromatization of non-aromatic hydrocarbons having at least six carbon atoms. The non-aromatic feed is contacted with a catalyst which includes a base metal or noble metal which is incorporated into or onto a pillared layered silicate. A preferred pillared layered silicate is kenyaite containing interspathic silica, and a preferred base metal or noble metal is chromium.

Abstract: A crystalline zeolite SSZ-26 is prepared using a hexamethyl [4.3.3.0] propellane-8,11-diammonium cation as a template. Also disclosed is a process for converting hydrocarbons with crystalline zeolite SSZ-26.

Abstract: There is provided a process for the direct partial oxidation of methane with oxygen, whereby hydrocarbons having at least two carbon atoms are produced. The catalyst used in this reaction is a cadmium-manganese oxide catalyst.

Abstract: Crystalline silica-titania catalyst compositions, optionally containing magnesium, are disclosed; the titanium is introduced through the use of organo-titanate chelates wherein the titanium has a coordination number of at least 5. The compositions are used in acid-catalyzed reactions such as alkylation reactions.

Abstract: A novel catalyst composition comprising a crystalline aluminosilicate having a molar ratio of silica to alumina of at least 5:1, the aluminosilicate carrying gallium and silver, is useful in the conversion at elevated temperature of a C.sub.2 -C.sub.12 hydrocarbon feedstock into aromatic hydrocarbons.

Abstract: Aliphatic C.sub.2 to C.sub.12 hydrocarbons are converted in the presence of a particular zeolite catalyst to a mixture of aromatics, optionally containing olefins.

Abstract: A reactor system contained in a fired heater and a hydrocarbon upgrading process are discosed for the concurrent conversion of a hydrocarbon feedstock and the regeneration of a deactivated catalyst. An effluent product slipstream from a set of operating reactors is used to hydrogen-regenerate deactivated catalyst in another set of reactors. Flue gas withdrawn from the fired heater stack is used as a purge and/or carrier gas during oxygen-regeneration of the catalyst.

Abstract: A catalyst composition suitable for use in aromatization of non-aromatic hydrocarbons comprises a shape-selective crystalline slicate such as ZSM-5 and a titanometallate-type layered metal oxide comprising a layered metal oxide and pillars of an oxide of at least one element selected from Groups IB, IIB, IIIA, IIIB, IVA, IVB, VA, VB, VIA, VIIA and VIIIA of the Periodic Table of the Elements separating the layers of the metal oxide where each layer of the metal oxide has the general formula[M.sub.x .sub.y Z.sub.2-(x+y) O.sub.4 ].sup.

Abstract: An improved fluid-bed reaction process and apparatus are disclosed in which feedstock is preheated and may be at least partially converted by contacting the feedstock with spent catalyst in a preheat zone. Additional benefits include a reduction in catalyst poisons and coke production in the reaction zone. By contacting the fresh feed with hot spent catalyst, at least a portion of the coke which would otherwise form in the reactor is deposited on the spent catalyst. Temporary catalyst poisons are also sorbed onto the spent catalyst. The spent catalyst is then withdrawn from the preheat zone, stripped of entrained hydrocarbon and regenerated.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the conversion of C.sub.2 -C.sub.12 paraffinic hydrocarbons to more valuable petrochemical feedstocks including C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 olefins and C.sub.6 -C.sub.8 aromatics in the presence of a composite catalyst comprising a binder and at least one zeolite having a Constraint Index of between about 1 and 12, said composite catalyst having an alpha value of of greater than 5 and less than 33. It has been found that yields of valuable C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 olefins and C.sub.6 -C.sub.8 aromatics are increased by maintaining the composite catalyst alpha value within the claimed range.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for increasing heat transfer efficiency between a conduit and a gas flowing through the conduit by fluidizing in the gas stream a Geldart Type A powder having controlled fines content. The invention further provides a method for integrating two fluid beds to transfer heat from a heat source to a fluid-bed reaction zone.

Abstract: A process selective for converting dimethylhexanes to aromatic analogs is described. Application of the exhibited selectivity of the process allows upgrading alkylate dimethylhexane(s) of low RON to produce higher RON analogs without affecting changes in other components of the alkylate. The catalysts preferred comprise platinum and non-acidic supports such as [Sn]ZSM-5 and [In]ZSM-5.

Abstract: A process for reforming a hydrocarbon fraction having a limited proportion of C.sub.9 + hydrocarbons. A hydrocarbon fraction is separated into a light fraction and a heavy fraction, the light fraction containing less than 10% by volume of C.sub.9 + hydrocarbon. The light fraction is reformed in the presence of a monofunctional catalyst, and the heavy fraction is reformed in the presence of a bifunctional catalyst.

Abstract: A catalytic process is provided for converting C.sub.2 to C.sub.12 aliphatic hydrocarbons to aromatics by contacting them under conversion conditions with a crystalline zeolite catalyst having a Constraint Index of about 1 to 12 and containing gallium. Preferably, the zeolite is a low acidity zeolite. In certain embodiments, gallium is inserted into the zeolite framework. Gallium can also be deposited, exchanged or impregnated into the zeolite.

Abstract: The dehydrocyclization of a feed containing one or more acyclic hydrocarbons capable of undergoing ring closure to provide aromatic hydrocarbons is accomplished by contacting the feed under dehydrocyclization conditions with a zeolite L dehydrocyclization catalyst which is substantially free of zeolite T and which contains at least one Group VIII metal component, thereby converting at least a portion of the acyclic hydrocarbon content of the feed to aromatic compound(s). Use of the foregoing zeolite L dehydrocyclization catalyst has been found to result in less non-selective hydrocracking of naphtha range materials to gaseous hydrocarbons and greater conversion of low octane paraffins to high octane aromatics than that achieved with a zeolite L synthesized by a prior procedure which results in the co-production of zeolite T contaminant.

Abstract: A process for converting aliphatic hydrocarbons to aromatic hydrocarbons is disclosed. The process utilizes a nonacidic hydrocarbon conversion catalyst comprising potassium form L-zeolite, a Group VIII metal, and an alumina-magnesia binder wherein the weight ratio of zeolite to binder is at least 1:1.

Abstract: Crystalline molecular sieves having three-dimensional microporous framework structures of TiO.sub.2, AlO.sub.2, SiO.sub.2 and PO.sub.2 tetrahedral units are disclosed. These molecular sieves have an empirical chemical composition on an anhydrous basis expressed by the formula:mR: (Ti.sub.w Al.sub.x P.sub.y Si.sub.z)O.sub.2wherein "R" represents at least one organic templating agent present in the intracrystalline pore system; "m" represents the molar amount of "R" present per mole of (Ti.sub.w Al.sub.x P.sub.y Si.sub.z)O.sub.2 ; and "w", "x", "y" and "z" represent the mole fractions of titanium, aluminum, phosphorus and silicon, respectively, present as tetrahedral oxides. Their use as adsorbents, catalysts, etc. is also disclosed.