Abstract: A detection device generating first and second detection signals includes: a light-emitting unit that emits light to a measurement part for each of first and second periods repeated on a time axis; a signal generation unit that generates the first detection signal according to a light reception level of the light emitted from the light-emitting unit for each first period and passing along a first path inside the measurement part and the second detection signal according to a light reception level of the light emitted from the light-emitting unit for each second period and passing along a second path different from the first path inside the measurement part; and a control unit that controls a duration of at least one of the first and second periods so that component values of steady components included in the first and second detection signals are closer to each other.

Abstract: A photoacoustic apparatus includes a light source configured to generate a plurality of light beams having wavelengths different from each other, a conversion element configured to receive a photoacoustic wave that is generated in a subject in response to being illuminated with the respective light beams having wavelengths different from each other and output a signal for each wavelength, an information acquisition unit configured to acquire information in terms of a concentration of a substance existing in the subject by using the signal for each wavelength, and a specifying unit configured to specify a coefficient and instruct the information acquisition unit to use the specified coefficient in acquiring the information in terms of the concentration, wherein the specifying unit specifies, as the coefficient, a value representable by a formula including an amount of light having each wavelength, and wherein the information acquisition unit acquires information in terms of the concentration by using the coeff

Abstract: An image processing apparatus includes an imaging unit, a determination unit, and a discrimination unit. The imaging unit images a target object using signals in a predetermined wavelength band in which a spectral transmittance of a specific substance of a plurality of substances on a surface of the target object is different from a spectral transmittance of the other substances of the plurality of substances. The determination unit determines a distribution state of the specific substance on the surface of the target object based on an image captured by the imaging unit. The discrimination unit discriminates a class to which the target object belongs based on the distribution state of the specific substance.

Abstract: Physiologic sensors and methods of application are described. These sensors function by detecting recently discovered variations in the spectral optical density at two or more wavelengths of light diffused through the skin. These variations in spectral optical density have been found to consistently and uniquely relate to changes in the availability of oxygen in the skin tissue, relative to the skin tissue's current need for oxygen, which we have termed Physiology Index (PI). Current use of blood gas analysis and pulse oximetry provides physiologic insight only to blood oxygen content and cannot detect the status of energy conversion metabolism at the tissue level. By contrast, the PI signal uniquely portrays when the skin tissue is receiving ‘less than enough oxygen,’ ‘just the right amount of oxygen,’ or ‘more than enough oxygen’ to enable aerobic energy conversion metabolism.

Abstract: A method, an apparatus, and a kit including the apparatus and a fluorescence agent are provided for measuring a time-varying change in an amount of blood in a tissue volume, and include exciting a fluorescence agent in the blood, acquiring a time-varying light intensity signal during a pulsatile flow of the blood through the tissue volume, the pulsatile flow having a systolic and a diastolic phase resembling a conventional photoplethysmogram, and processing the acquired signal by applying a modified Beer-Lambert law to obtain a measurement of the time-varying change in the amount of blood in the tissue volume. The instantaneous molar concentration of the fluorescence agent is determined by utilizing a concentration-mediated change in a fluorescence emission spectrum of the fluorescence agent. There is further provided a fluorescence agent for use in the method.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides for a system that is adapted to simultaneously display photoacoustic and ultrasound images of the same object. An image combiner can perform spatial and temporal interpolation of the two images before generating a combined image. The combined image is then displayed on a display such as an LCD or CRT. The system is able to use motion estimates obtained from the ultrasound data to enhance the photoacoustic image thereby increasing its apparent frame rate, registering consecutive frames in order to reduce artifacts. The system is capable of generating combined ultrasound and photoacoustic images which are registered spatially and temporally.

Abstract: This is a wearable biometric device for an arm including spectroscopic sensors which project light onto an arm surface at different angles. Data from these sensors can be used to measure a person's hydration levels, oxygen levels, glucose levels, or heart rate.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring a bio-signal includes: a light source emitting a predetermined amount of light into a human body; a light receiving unit receiving at least some of the predetermined amount of light; and a cover, which is touchable by the human body, protecting the light source and the light receiving unit. The light source and the cover are arranged such that the light source and the cover are separated by a first gap, the light receiving unit and the cover are arranged such that the light receiving unit and the cover are separated by a second gap, and the first gap is less than the second gap.

Abstract: A photoacoustic apparatus sets a light irradiation timing such that a subject is irradiated with pulsed light at least once within a period extending from a start timing determined on the basis of a generation timing of an R-wave in an electrocardiogram signal to a point at which a first time extending from the generation timing of the R-wave in the electrocardiogram signal to a generation timing of a T-wave in the electrocardiogram signal elapses, and sets the light irradiation timing such that the subject is not irradiated with the pulsed light in a period outside the period extending from the start timing to a point at which the first time elapses.

Abstract: In one implementation, a multi-vital-sign smartphone system detects multiple vital signs from sensors such as a digital infrared sensor, a photoplethysmogram (PPG) sensor and at least one micro dynamic light scattering (mDLS) sensor, and thereafter in some implementations the vital signs are transmitted to, and stored by, an electronic medical record system.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods and devices operable to monitor the hydration of a user. The wearable device for hydration monitoring includes an emitting component operable to emit light having at least three different wavelengths, a sensor operable to receive a reflected portion of the emitted light, and a processor operable to receive signals from the sensor. At least one of the wavelengths is in the range from 900 nm to 1600 nm for optical detection of a level of water. The method for hydration monitoring includes emitting light from a light emitting component operable to emit light having at least three different wavelengths and detecting light with at least one photodetector. At least three distances between the light emitting component and the photodetector are known and the at least three distances allow monitoring of at least two different tissue beds with at least two different tissue depths.

Abstract: A method and system for detecting brain activity may be disclosed, the method including performing multi-channel synchronous collections of brain electrical signals and cerebral cortex blood oxygen signals simultaneously and ensuring synchronicity of the collected signals among channels by collecting the signals at multiple locations simultaneously. A system may include a functional near-infrared light source emission module, which may employ the frequency division multiplexing technique. A multi-functional joint collection helmet may access the light source signal emitted from the emission module, then may be processed by a near-infrared detection module. Further, the near-infrared detection module may detect optical signals of the scalp, while a brain electricity detection module detects electrical signals of the scalp. Finally, a central control unit may synchronize data collected from the detected signals and may control a variety of functional modules and upload the data to a host computer.

Abstract: An ATR reflection element includes a main body with a first effective refractive index n1, a transmission layer which comprises a first layer boundary, and an opposite second layer boundary. The transmission layer takes up a fluid by way of the second layer boundary, wherein the transmission layer adjoins the main body. The boundary between the transmission layer and the main body is formed by the first layer boundary, wherein the transmission layer at the second layer boundary has a second effective refractive index n2. The first effective refractive index n1 is greater than the second effective refractive index n2 and the second effective refractive index n2 is greater than 1, wherein the first effective refractive index n1 and the second effective refractive index n2 are determined in each case in a vacuum at 25° C. at the IR wavelength ?ATR, wherein ?ATR is selected from the wavelength range between 2 ?m and 20 ?m.

Abstract: A measuring apparatus for determining at least one measurand of a measuring medium includes a first measuring device including a first measuring sensor structured to contact the measuring medium and configured to detect measured values of the at least one measurand, the first measuring device embodied to determine a first measured value that is dependent on the at least one measurand of the measuring medium, a sampling device structured to remove a sample from the measuring medium, a second measuring device including a second measuring sensor and embodied to determine a second measured value that is dependent on the least one measurand of the sample, and an electronic control apparatus configured to receive and process the first and second measured value and to perform a verification, calibration and/or adjustment of the first measuring device using the second measured value.

Abstract: An imaging probe (102) for use in measuring surface roughness by angular speckle correlation is shown. The imaging probe comprises a first illumination fibre (201) to illuminate a sample location (103) on a surface, and having an input end for coupling of coherent light into the fibre, and an output end cleaved at an angle ?1, a second illumination fibre (202) to illuminate the sample location on the surface, and having an input end for coupling of coherent light into the fibre, and an output end cleaved at an angle ?2 that is different from ?1, and an image transmission system (204) for transmission of a speckle pattern caused by illumination of the sample location on the surface by coherent light from either the first illumination fibre or the second illumination fibre.

Abstract: A near eye display comprising: a display device; and a waveguide; wherein the waveguide comprises an entry diffractive element and an exit diffractive element; wherein the display device is arranged to direct light into the waveguide via the entry diffractive element and wherein the exit diffractive element is arranged to direct light from the waveguide towards a user's eye; wherein the display device is arranged to output images in a repeating sequence of two or more different colours. Providing the images are transmitted in sufficiently quick succession, the brain will not perceive them as separate images, but will instead essentially merge them (as if they were overlaid on top of one another. As the brain is good at pattern recognition, it can compensate for any minor misalignments that occur between the different images. In this way the time-multiplexing approach avoids the need for multiple parallel waveguides for each specific colour or colour band.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for classifying biological tissues with high precision compared to a conventional method. When measuring a spectrum which has a two-dimensional distribution that is correlated with a slice of a biological tissue, and acquiring a biological tissue image from the two-dimensional measured spectrum, the method includes dividing an image region into a plurality of small blocks, and then reconstructing the biological tissue image by using the measured spectrum and a classifier corresponding to each of the regions.

Abstract: In one embodiment, measuring mitochondrial capacity includes performing arterial occlusions on a patient, measuring oxygenated hemoglobin/myoglobin and deoxygenated hemoglobin/myoglobin within the patient's body during the occlusions, calculating a blood volume correction factor that accounts for a change in blood volume that occurs during the arterial occlusions, and applying the correction factor to the measured oxygenated hemoglobin/myoglobin and deoxygenated hemoglobin/myoglobin measurements to obtain correct oxygenated hemoglobin/myoglobin and deoxygenated hemoglobin/myoglobin measurements.

Abstract: A system and a method is provided for assessing motion of a biological tissue of a subject including one or more superficial biological layers and a targeted biological layer. An optical perturbation is introduced within the one or more superficial biological layers but not within the targeted biological layer. A set of optical signal data is acquired preceding, during, or following the optical perturbation and, using the set of optical signal data, a set of optical characteristics is determined that is representative of light transiting the biological layers. Using the set of optical characteristics and a model of the biological layers, a target optical signal consistent with a target biological layer is separated and a movement of the desired biological tissue is determined using the target optical signal.

Abstract: Method and instrument for analysing a tissue sample. Localized concentrations of an analyte are measured at a plurality of spaced apart locations around a controlled depth. Spatial variance of the analyte is calculated based on the measured analyte concentrations. The procedure is repeated while varying the controlled depth to obtain the spatial variance as a function of depth. Tissue at a particular depth may be evaluated as tumour tissue when the spatial variance is below the threshold. For example, a section distance is calculated between the tissue surface and a depth where the measured spatial variance crosses a predetermined threshold variance. Feedback can be provided based on a comparison between a calculated section distance and a pre-set minimum section margin.

Abstract: An optical sensor module for detecting and/or measuring physiological information that can be integrated into a wearable device, such as a headset, a wristband, a ring, etc., includes a housing supporting an optical source and an optical detector. The housing overlies the optical source and optical detector and includes a first light guide comprising light transmissive material in optical communication with the optical source and a second light guide comprising light transmissive material in optical communication with the optical detector. The first and second light guides define respective first and second axial directions that are outwardly diverging. When the sensor module is in use and placed adjacent the skin of a user, light rays emanating from the optical source and directed into the skin of the user cannot overlap with light rays returning through the skin of the user.

Abstract: Headphone ear tips are made with an outer surface that changes its coefficient of friction. The outer surface is coated with photochromic compound, hierarchical microstructures, fibers formed through electrostatic flocking, or a combination thereof.

Abstract: An oxygen saturation measuring sensor is capable of increasing reliability of information of parts having different depth and includes a pad attachable to a human body; plural light sources arranged on the pad to be adjacent in a separate state, and irradiate near-infrared light; plural light receiving elements arranged on the pad to be adjacent in a separate state and correspond one to one to the plural light sources with reference to a common center with an innermost side of the plural light sources, and that receive transmitted light from the corresponding plural light sources; and a ROM unit that stores a reference value through measuring transmitted light using a phantom in advance and stores a light receiving amount of the transmitted light received by the plural light receiving elements.

Abstract: A microdermabrasion system offers a combination of other skin therapies in conjunction with microdermabrasion. In an implementation, the system applies light therapy, photodynamic therapy, radio frequency and microwave energy therapy, massage therapy, or combinations of these while exfoliating the skin.

Abstract: An apparatus for estimating a skin condition includes a data acquirer configured to acquire an optical absorption spectrum of a skin; and a processor configured to determine content of a component in the skin from the optical absorption spectrum and determine a skin condition based on the determined content of the component in the skin.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for measuring small changes in the centroid of the spectrum of a light field by conversion of optical frequency centroid shifts into time delays are described. A time delay for a particular frequency of light is created by directing the light into an optically dispersive system that converts the change in center frequency to a change in transit time through the system as the dispersive element causes different colors to travel at different speeds. Examples of such dispersive elements include, but are not limited to, optical fibers, bulk materials, volumetric or fiber Bragg gratings, and grating or prism based pulse stretchers. This time delay can be measured, by detecting the change in transit time (or time of flight through the dispersive element) by using a detector such as a photodiode, PMT, etc. that converts the incident optical pulse train into an electronic pulsed signal.

Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatus and devices are described for monitoring a property of an object or an individual, using a conformal sensor device that substantially conforms to contours of a portion of a surface of the object or the individual. The measurement includes data indicative of a property of a temperature of the portion of the surface and the degree of the conformal contact. An analysis engine is used to analyze the data and to generate at least one parameter indicative of the property of the temperature. Based on a comparison of the at least one parameter to a preset threshold, at least one alert can be issued and/or a command can be transmitted to regulate an environmental condition. The at least one alert can be indicative of a potential risk of harm to the object or individual.

Abstract: An image rendering apparatus includes processing circuitry to obtain a volumetric medical imaging data set representative of a region of a material; associate one particular extinction color with the material; determine, based on the particular extinction color, a chromatic attenuation profile representative of color value as a function of intensity and as a function of depth in the material, the chromatic attenuation profile showing how the material having the particular extinction color changes in appearance with changes in the depth; obtain, from a user, a color value; determine a modified extinction color for the material based on the color value obtained from the user; and render a global illumination image from the volumetric medical imaging data set using the modified extinction color.

Abstract: The present invention provides for a method and apparatus for inserting and using dermal interstitial sensors in, for example, an analyte monitoring system. The present invention permits the proper positioning of a cannula tip and/or sensor(s) within the reticular dermis.

Abstract: A portable electronic device include one or more electrodes for calculating distances and rotational angles between the device and the user is disclosed. Based on the calculated distances and rotational angles, a physical activity of the user can be determined. Additionally, the calculated distances and rotational angles can be used for compensation of optical artifacts in one or more signals detected by the device. User movement or physical activity can introduce optical artifacts, which can lead to erroneous determination of the one or more characteristics. The calculated distances and rotational angles can be used to reduce or remove the optical artifacts, leading to a more accurate determination of the one or more characteristics of the user.

Abstract: An apparatus, method and computer program where the apparatus comprises: a plurality of sensors (3, 5) configured to detect a physiological parameter: wherein at least one first (5) sensor is configured to have a first sensitivity to the physiological parameter and at least one second sensor (3) is configured to have a second sensitivity to the physiological parameter; such that a parameter profile, comprising a plurality of measurements of the physiological parameter at different is provided by the apparatus.

Abstract: An electronic device includes: a first sensor configured to generate a movement signal corresponding to a user movement; a second sensor configured to physically contact the user to generate a user bio-signal; a processor configured to determine a user sleeping state using the generated movement signal and the generated user bio-signal in each of time periods, and determine an operation state of another electronic device based on the determined sleeping state in respective time periods; and a communicator configured to transmit a control command corresponding to the determined operation state to the another electronic device.

Abstract: A sample analyzer prepares a measurement sample from a blood sample or a body fluid sample which differs from the blood sample; measures the prepared measurement sample; obtains characteristic information representing characteristics of the components in the measurement sample; sets either a blood measurement mode for measuring the blood sample, or a body fluid measurement mode for measuring the body fluid sample as an operating mode; and measures the measurement sample prepared from the blood sample by executing operations in the blood measurement mode when the blood measurement mode has been set, and measuring the measurement sample prepared from the body fluid sample by executing operations in the body fluid measurement mode that differs from the operations in the blood measurement mode when the body fluid measurement mode has been set, is disclosed. A computer program product is also disclosed.

Abstract: A measuring device (10) has at least one sensor (16, 18), which can be applied to the skin surface (12) of a patient for detecting a measured value with the sensor (16, 18). The device (10) has two contact surfaces (20, 22) on an underside (24), which is intended for being in contact with the skin surface (12) of the patient. A current detecting (32, 34), detects a measuring current (30) resulting from a particular effective electric resistance between the contact surfaces (20, 22). A method for operating such a measuring device (10) and a system with such a measuring device (10) are also provided.

Abstract: An electronic device includes: a first sensor configured to generate a movement signal corresponding to a user movement; a second sensor configured to physically contact the user to generate a user bio-signal; a processor configured to determine a user sleeping state using the generated movement signal and the generated user bio-signal in each of time periods, and determine an operation state of another electronic device based on the determined sleeping state in respective time periods; and a communicator configured to transmit a control command corresponding to the determined operation state to the another electronic device.

Abstract: In order to easily prepare a medical diagnostic analysis of a patient, a barcode scanning device (100) is configured for determining a physiological quantity of the patient. The barcode scanning device (100) comprises a light receiving unit (108) configured for receiving light (219) reflected from a surface to be sensed of the patient, and a signal processing unit (218) configured for determining the physiological quantity of the patient based on the received light (219).

Abstract: An apparatus for acquiring bioinformation, including a laser irradiator configured to irradiate a laser beam onto a region of interest including blood vessels; a sensor configured to detect a first change in a laser speckle pattern generated by the laser beam reflected from the region of interest; and a processor configured to acquire a biosignal indicating a second change in blood flow within the blood vessels based on the detected first change in the laser speckle pattern, and to acquire the bioinformation by using the biosignal, wherein the laser beam emitted from the laser irradiator is incident at an angle to the region of interest.

Abstract: A system and method of reducing speckle for an illuminator comprises driving current at varying levels or average frequency to provide varying light wavelengths.

Abstract: A portable biometric wrist device having an optical sensor and including at least one light source and at least one light detector installed onto a circuit board, a casing having at least one aperture for said at least one light source and at least one aperture for said at least one light detector, wherein each of said at least one light source and at least one light detector are optically isolated from each other inside said casing with a sealing plate between said casing and said circuit board, said sealing plate having at least one aperture for said at least one light source and at least one aperture for at said least one light detector. The present invention also provides a method for manufacturing said portable biometric wrist device.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes devices and techniques for testing. In particular, the disclosure describes testing systems that are portable and easy to operate. The testing system can include a measurement apparatus that can be used to measure spectral characteristics of a sample and can be in a portable, hand-held form-factor. The testing system also includes a computing device, such as a mobile phone, a laptop, or a personal computer that can communicate with the measurement device over a wired or a wireless communication link and also can have form-factors that are portable. The computing device can run applications or programs that receive spectral data of the sample from the measurement apparatus and can process the received spectral data to determine various properties of the sample. As both the measurement apparatus and the computing device are portable, the measurements can be easily made at site where the fluid is produced.

Abstract: A tissue oximetry device utilizes at least three or at least four different wavelengths of light for collection of reflectance data where the different wavelengths are longer than 730 nanometers. The three or four wavelengths are utilized to generate a range of reflectance data suited for accurate determination of oxygenated hemoglobin and deoxygenated hemoglobin concentrations. The relatively long wavelengths decrease optical interference from certain dyes, particularly methylene blue and PVPI, which may be present on tissue being analyzed for viability and further enhance the generation of accurate reflectance data. The wavelengths are 760 nanometers, 810 nanometers, and 850 nanometers, or 760 nanometers, 810 nanometers, 850 nanometers, and 900 nanometers.

Abstract: Provided are a biosignal processing apparatus and a biosignal processing method. The biosignal processing apparatus includes: a first measurement module configured to detect a biosignal of a subject in a non-invasive manner in response to the biosignal processing apparatus being in contact with the subject; a second measurement module configured to measure a contact state with respect to the subject; and a controller configured to determine whether the contact state is equal to or greater than a reference value.

Abstract: A medical device, such as a peritoneal dialysis machine, includes a sensor for sensing motion and/or user proximity in the vicinity of the medical device for the purpose of automated dimming a display of the medical device. In the event of a lack of user-activity on a machine interface and a lack of movement detected by the proximity sensor, the machine display is automatically dimmed to minimize power-consumption and provide an enhanced medical device for night therapies in a home or clinic environment. The machine display may be dimmed in the event of an alarm-free machine condition, where no machine activity is detected and/or where no movement is detected by the sensor over one or more time periods. When machine activity is detected, when movement is detected by the proximity sensor, and/or in the event of a machine alarm or warning, the machine display may be automatically undimmed.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes a wearable computing device (WCD) in the form of a ring that can be worn on the finger of a human user.

Abstract: A system for simultaneously detecting audio-characteristics within a body over multiple body surface locations comprising a coherent light source directing at least one coherent light beam toward the body surface locations, an imager acquiring a plurality of defocused images, each is of reflections of the coherent light beam from the body surface locations. Each image includes at least one speckle pattern, each corresponding to a respective coherent light beam and further associated with a time-tag. A processor, coupled with the imager, determines in-image displacements over time of each of a plurality of regional speckle patterns according to said acquired images. Each one of the regional speckle patterns is at least a portion of a respective speckle pattern. Each regional speckle pattern is associated with a respective different body surface location. The processor determines the audio-characteristics according to the in-image displacements over time of the regional speckle patterns.

Abstract: Optoacoustic diagnostic systems, devices, and methods are described. A system may comprise a console unit and a handheld probe. The console unit comprises a controller, a processor, a photodiode array, an acoustic processing subsystem, and a cooling subsystem. The probe directs light signals from the photodiode array to patient tissue. The light signals each have different wavelengths selected based on the physiological parameter of interest. The probe further comprises an acoustic transducer that receives acoustic signals generated in response to the directed light signals. The probe may comprise a finger-held working end that can be directed to the skull of a fetus within the uterus during labor. The probe can then accurately determine blood oxygenation of the fetus to determine if a caesarian section is necessary.

Abstract: A system and method for monitoring biological parameters in freely moving animals that, in the illustrative embodiment, comprises a two-color optical measurement/recording system that is combined with a fluorescent protein reporter of cellular membrane potentials and a fluorescent protein that is insensitive to such cellular membrane potentials. The two wavelengths are used to un-mix physiological artifacts in recordings that occur in freely moving animals.

Abstract: A band limiter comprises an optical filter, which has first and second filter sections, and a filter moving mechanism for moving the optical filter to place the first or second filter section in a light path of blue light. A passband where transmittance of the first filter section is greater than or equal to half a peak value thereof is defined as a first transmission band. The first transmission band includes a peak wavelength, at which an absorption coefficient of hemoglobin is at its peak. A passband where transmittance of the second filter section is greater than or equal to half a peak value thereof is defined as a second transmission band. The second transmission band does not include an isosbestic wavelength (in the order of 450 nm), at which an absorption coefficient of oxyhemoglobin equals or crosses an absorption coefficient of deoxyhemoglobin.

Abstract: A light reflection imaging method for acquiring optical parameters and microstructures of tissues in a large area, comprising a turbid medium reflectance calculation method applicable at a random spatial distance and in an entire spatial frequency domain, and a method of measuring the reflectance of a turbid medium at high and low spatial frequencies and inverting the obtained light reflectance to obtain optical parameters of the medium. The inversion method may be a table lookup method or a formula fitting method. The measurement of sub-diffuse and diffuse light reflectance of the turbid medium can be used for measuring the optical properties of the turbid medium and microstructures including a phase function and the like in a large area.

Abstract: A method includes: receiving, at a processor that is remote from a bone conduction device adhered to a user's skin, a first output signal from the bone conduction device, the first output signal having been generated by a first sensor in the bone conduction device, the first sensor being configured to detect non-audible inputs; identifying, at the processor, a first measurement signal characteristic based on the first output signal; determining, at the processor, that the first measurement signal characteristic is indicative of a state of the user; selecting a control signal configured to cause a transducer in the bone conduction device to generate an output to alter the state of the user or the user's perception of the state; and transmitting the control signal from the processor to the bone conduction device.