Abstract: A patient monitor for displaying a physiological signal can include a visual element having a middle portion indicative of a transition in the physiological signal between physiological states. The visual element can also include first and second extremity portions, the first extremity portion extending from the middle portion in a first direction and the second extremity portion extending from the middle portion in a second direction. The visual element can also include an actionable value indicator to specify a value about the middle portion and the first and second extremity portions. The patient monitor can also include a processor configured to cause the value indicator to actuate in both the first and second directions according to changes in the physiological signal.

Abstract: A health care band operably attaches a biosensor to a patient. The biosensor includes one or more sensors for collecting vitals of a patient and a wireless transmitter that is configured to communicate with an EMR network that stores and maintains an EMR of the patient. The biosensor stores a unique identification associated with the patient's EMR such that vitals measured by the biosensor may be transmitted with the patient's unique identification for storage in the patient's EMR. The sensors in the biosensor may include a thermometer, motion detector/accelerometer, pulse detector and oximeter, etc. In an embodiment, one of the sensors in the biosensor includes a photoplethysmography (PPG) based sensor that may be configured to continuously or periodically measure a patient's vitals, such as heart rate, pulse, blood oxygen levels, blood glucose or insulin levels, or other blood analytics in vitro.

Abstract: Methods and systems for sensor calibration and sensor glucose (SG) fusion are used advantageously to improve the accuracy and reliability of orthogonally redundant glucose sensor devices, which may include optical and electrochemical glucose sensors. Calibration for both sensors may be achieved via fixed-offset and/or dynamic regression methodologies, depending, e.g., on sensor stability and Isig-Ratio pair correlation. For SG fusion, respective integrity checks may be performed for SG values from the optical and electrochemical sensors, and the SG values calibrated if the integrity checks are passed. Integrity checks may include checking for sensitivity loss, noise, and drift. If the integrity checks are failed, in-line sensor mapping between the electrochemical and optical sensors may be performed prior to calibration.

Abstract: A noninvasive physiological sensor for measuring one or more physiological parameters of a medical patient can include a bump interposed between a light source and a photodetector. The bump can be placed in contact with body tissue of a patient and thereby reduce a thickness of the body tissue. As a result, an optical pathlength between the light source and the photodetector can be reduced. In addition, the sensor can include a heat sink that can direct heat away from the light source. Moreover, the sensor can include shielding in the optical path between the light source and the photodetector. The shielding can reduce noise received by the photodetector.

Abstract: Blood separation systems and methods are provided for controlling the interface between separated blood components. The system includes a centrifuge assembly having a light-transmissive portion, a light reflector, and a fluid processing region therebetween. An optical sensor system emits a scanning light beam along a path toward the light-transmissive portion, which transmits at least a portion of the scanning light beam to the fluid processing region and the light reflector. The light reflector reflects at least a portion of the scanning light beam toward the optical sensor system along a path substantially coaxial to the path of the scanning light beam from the optical sensor system toward the light-transmissive portion of the centrifuge assembly. The scanning light beam may be a white light beam or narrow spectrum beam. The reflected beam may be directed through the optical sensor system via optical fibers.

Abstract: Devices, systems, methods and kits for releasably mounting a medical device on the body or skin of a user are provided.

Abstract: A medical device is presented for reduced-pain blood sampling and testing. The device comprises a housing defining a finger site for supporting a user's finger or a portion thereof within said finger site during the device operation; piercing, sampling and testing assemblies sequentially actuatable to successively initiate piercing, sampling and testing operational modes of the device; a carriage at least partially accommodated within said housing and being adapted for movement with respect to said finger site between its first position corresponding to the piercing mode of the device and a second position corresponding to the sampling and testing modes of the device, the device being thereby capable of operating in the piercing, sampling and testing modes while at a static position of the user's finger.

Abstract: A method for controlling a spectrometer for analyzing a product includes steps of: acquiring a measurement representative of the operation of a light source, determining, depending on the measurement, a value of supply current of the light source, and/or a value of integration time of light-sensitive cells of a sensor, disposed on a route of a light beam emitted by the light source and having interacted with a product to be analyzed, and if the integration time and/or supply current value is between threshold values, supplying the light source with a supply current corresponding to the determined supply current value, adjusting the integration time of a light-sensitive cell to the determined integration time value, and acquiring light intensity measurements supplied by the sensor, enabling a spectrum to be formed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for controlling a spectrometer for analyzing a product, the spectrometer including a light source including several light-emitting diodes having respective emission spectra covering in combination an analysis wavelength band, the method including steps of: supplying at least one of the light-emitting diodes with a supply current to switch it on, measuring a light intensity emitted by the light source by measuring a current at a terminal of at least another of the light-emitting diodes maintained off, determining, according to each light intensity measurement, a setpoint value of the supply current of each diode that is on, and regulating the supply current of each diode that is on so that it corresponds to the setpoint value.

Abstract: The invention is an improved blood glucose monitor and method of use thereof, comprising the combination of a noninvasive blood glucose detector with a blood sample reader for invasively obtained samples and a monitor for tracking blood glucose concentrations over time. The invention enables real time calibration of noninvasive blood glucose detection for continuous monitoring.

Abstract: A system is provided for monitoring glucose in a host, including a continuous glucose sensor that produces a data stream indicative of a host's glucose concentration and an integrated receiver that receives the data stream from the continuous glucose sensor and calibrates the data stream using a single point glucose monitor that is integral with the integrated receiver. The integrated receiver obtains a glucose value from the single point glucose monitor, calibrates the sensor data stream received from the continuous glucose sensor, and displays one or both of the single point glucose measurement values and the calibrated continuous glucose sensor values on the user interface.

Abstract: A system and method to determine pulse transit time using a handheld device. The method includes generating an electrocardiogram (EKG) for a user of the handheld device. Two portions of the user's body are in contact with two contact points of the handheld device. The method also includes de-noising the EKG to identify a start time when a blood pulse leaves a heart of the user. The method further includes de-noising a plurality of video images of the user to identify a pressure wave indicating an arterial site and a time when the pressure wave appears. Additionally, the method includes determining the PTT based on the de-noised EKG and the de-noised video images.

Abstract: Portable patient monitoring systems are provided that include profiles that can be selectively overwritten with profiles stored in or otherwise accessible by docking stations that can mate with the portable patient monitoring systems. Related apparatus, systems, techniques and articles are also described.

Abstract: A device and method for removal of ambient noise signal from a photoplethysmographic measurement is provided. The method comprises obtaining a first signal waveform based on detecting light based on a first light illumination; obtaining a second signal waveform based on detecting light based on a second light illumination; tuning the first light and second light illumination such that the maximum amplitudes of the first and second signal waveforms are maximized and within a predetermined saturation range, such that ambient light interference for the first and second signal waveforms is reduced; obtaining a third signal waveform based on detecting ambient light; obtaining respective maximum and minimum values of the first and the second signal waveforms; and deriving signal values of the first and second signal waveforms with the removal of ambient noise by subtracting AC and DC average values of the third signal waveform from the first and second signals.

Abstract: A pulse oximetry sensor comprises emitters configured to transmit light having a plurality of wavelengths into a fleshy medium. A detector is responsive to the emitted light after absorption by constituents of pulsatile blood flowing within the medium so as to generate intensity signals. A sensor head has a light absorbing surface adapted to be disposed proximate the medium. The emitters and the detector are disposed proximate the sensor head. A detector window is defined by the sensor head and configured so as to limit the field-of-view of the detector.

Abstract: An integrated lancing test strip includes a test strip and a lancet packet coupled to the test strip. The lancet packet includes a sterility sheet enclosing a lancet to maintain the sterility of the lancet and prevent cross-contamination between the test strip and the lancet. The sterility sheet allows the lancet to be sterilized separately from the test strip. The sterility sheet gives the integrated strip a low profile, which is attractive for packaging multiple integrated strips in cassettes, drums, magazines or the like. In one form, the integrated strip is loaded in a meter that includes an adjustment mechanism that adjusts the position of the test strip relative to the skin being sampled. This allows the user to adjust the position of the test strip so as to not apply excessive pressure against skin, which could hamper bleeding from the incision in the skin.

Abstract: A blood glucose calibration system has a noninvasive sensor that attaches to a person's tissue site so as to generate multi-stream physiological data responsive to that person's blood constituents. Composite parameters, each in the form of a mathematical combination of invasive blood panel parameters, are derived from a general population and are responsive to the multi-stream physiological data. A population-based, blood glucose estimate for that person is derived from a weighted and scaled combination of these composite parameters. An individualized blood glucose estimate is then derived from the population-based blood glucose estimate and intermittent invasive test strip measurements of that particular individual.

Abstract: An implantable fluorescent concentrator is configured to be inserted in vivo as a subcutaneous light source for optical absorption spectroscopy of surface-near tissue layers. As a result, certain and reliable results of the optical absorption spectroscopy are achievable. Furthermore, various analytes with different absorption properties are certainly and reliably quantifiable.

Abstract: A system includes an enclosure having a processor and a memory coupled to the processor. The enclosure includes a display coupled to the processor where the display is visible from an exterior of the enclosure; and a battery within the enclosure coupled to the processor and the display. The enclosure includes a probe tip coupled to an exterior of the enclosure. The probe tip includes first, second, and third sensor openings. A first distance between the first and second sensor openings is different than a second distance between the first and third sensor openings. The enclosure includes code stored in the memory where the code is executable by the processor, and includes code to receive first data associated with the first and second sensor openings, code to receive second data associated with the first and second sensor openings, and code to perform SRS using the first and the second data.

Abstract: A metabolite concentration is measured in vivo using Raman spectroscopy in such a way as to receive at a detector (229) light scattered from the metabolite in interstitial fluid in skin in a measurement location (217) at a depth (218) of from 200-300 ?m below the skin surface providing improved retention of correct calibration and transferability of calibration between individual subjects.

Abstract: A physiological signal measurement apparatus is capable of automatically adjusting a measure position and suitable for installed on a support element to measure a physiological signal of a user. The physiological signal measurement apparatus includes a movable element, a physiological signal sensing element, a pressure sensing unit and a microcontroller unit. The movable element has a first pressure. The user exerts a second pressure on the physiological signal sensing element, and exerts a third pressure on the support element. The pressure sensing unit senses the first pressure, the second pressure and the third pressure to generate a first pressure signal, a second pressure signal and a third pressure signal. The microcontroller unit receives the physiological signals and the pressure signals, and controls the movable element by the pressure signals and the physiological signals, in order to increase the quality of signal measurement.

Abstract: A physiological monitor for determining blood oxygen saturation of a medical patient includes a sensor, a signal processor and a display. The sensor includes at least three light emitting diodes. Each light emitting diode is adapted to emit light of a different wavelength. The sensor also includes a detector, where the detector is adapted to receive light from the three light emitting diodes after being attenuated by tissue. The detector generates an output signal based at least in part upon the received light. The signal processor determines blood oxygen saturation based at least upon the output signal, and the display provides an indication of the blood oxygen saturation.

Abstract: A concentration determination apparatus in accordance with exemplary embodiments has a storage body and a temperature control plate. The concentration determination apparatus may also have a first and second input light guide and a first and second light receiving light guide, and an operational unit that contains an absorbance calculation device for calculating an absorbance of liquid and living body tissue and a concentration calculation device for comparing the absorbance of the liquid and the living body tissue.

Abstract: Wound fluid blood detection systems and methods are described that are operable in conjunction with reduced pressure wound treatment (RPWT) systems, as well as ancillary therapy and monitoring systems applied concurrently with RPWT systems. The blood detection monitor operates by optically characterizing the content of wound fluids to the extent of identifying percentage blood content. This identification relies upon the transmission of select wavelengths of light across a volume of wound fluid to a photo detector (connected to signal processing instrumentation) capable of quantifying the absorption characteristics of the fluid. The detection components may be implemented in conjunction with either a fluid flow conduit (i.e. the reduced pressure tubing directing fluid away from the wound dressing) or more directly in association with the materials that comprise the wound dressing positioned within the wound bed itself.

Abstract: Some embodiments provide a wearable fitness monitoring device including a motion sensor and a photoplethysmographic (PPG) sensor. The PPG sensor includes (i) a periodic light source, (ii) a photo detector, and (iii) circuitry determining a user's heart rate from an output of the photo detector. Some embodiments provide methods for operating a heart rate monitor of a wearable fitness monitoring device to measure one or more characteristics of a heartbeat waveform. Some embodiments provide methods for operating the wearable fitness monitoring device in a low power state when the device determines that the device is not worn by a user. Some embodiments provide methods for operating the wearable fitness monitoring device in a normal power state when the device determines that the device is worn by a user. Some embodiments provide methods for using response characteristics of the user's skin to adjust a gain and/or light emission intensity of the heart rate monitor.

Abstract: A device obtains a series of measurements of a physiological parameter of a monitored patient when the device is operating within a monitoring workflow. The device displays a monitoring workflow home screen when the device is operating within the monitoring workflow. The monitoring workflow home screen contains a representation of the physiological parameter of the monitored patient. In addition, the device obtains a measurement of the physiological parameter of each patient in a series of patients when the device is operating within a non-monitoring workflow. The device displays a non-monitoring workflow home screen when the device is operating within the non-monitoring workflow. The non-monitoring workflow home screen contains a representation of the physiological parameter of a given patient in the series of patients. The monitoring workflow home screen is different than the non-monitoring workflow home screen.

Abstract: A method for detecting at least one analyte in at least one sample of a body fluid is disclosed. Therein, at least one test element (124) is used, the at least one test element (124) having at least one test field (162) with at least one test chemistry (154) is used, wherein the test chemistry (154) is adapted to perform at least one optically detectable detection reaction in the presence of the analyte. The method comprises acquiring an image sequence of images of the test field (162) by using at least one image detector (178). Each image comprises a plurality of pixels. The method further comprises detecting at least one characteristic feature of the test field (162) in the images of the image sequence. The method further comprises correcting a relative position change between the image detector (178) and the test field (162) in the image sequence by using the characteristic feature, thereby obtaining a sequence of corrected images.

Abstract: A handheld infrared spectroscopy device and method of use. The device is a hand-held spectroscopy device, that may be integral to a mobile phone or smart device such as a smart phone, tablet, personal digital assistant, computer or other device that is portable and capable of performing applications. A liquid sample port internal to the device and in close proximity to the device spectrometer performs infrared spectra analysis on liquid samples, allowing both portability as well as highly sophisticated and specific spectral analysis of liquid samples. The device has wireless communication capability, enabling transmission of data and spectral imagery across the globe.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a source and a detector. The source is operable to transmit light. The detector is operable to receive at least a portion of the light transmitted by the source. The source and the detector can be positioned on a nail of a digit such that the light enters the nail through an entrance region. The light further exits the nail through an exit region. The entrance region is defined by a lateral portion of the nail. The light is directed to interact with at least one analyte.

Abstract: An alarm suspend system utilizes an alarm trigger responsive to physiological parameters and corresponding limits on those parameters. The parameters are associated with both fast and slow treatment times corresponding to length of time it takes for a person to respond to medical treatment for out-of-limit parameter measurements. Audible and visual alarms respond to the alarm trigger. An alarm silence button is pressed to silence the audible alarm for a predetermined suspend time. The audible alarm is activated after the suspend time has lapsed. Longer suspend times are associated with slow treatment parameters and shorter suspend times are associated with fast treatment parameters.

Abstract: Some embodiments provide a wearable fitness monitoring device including a motion sensor and a photoplethysmographic (PPG) sensor. The PPG sensor includes (i) a periodic light source, (ii) a photo detector, and (iii) circuitry determining a user's heart rate from an output of the photo detector. Some embodiments provide methods for operating a heart rate monitor of a wearable fitness monitoring device to measure one or more characteristics of a heartbeat waveform. Some embodiments provide methods for operating the wearable fitness monitoring device in a low power state when the device determines that the device is not worn by a user. Some embodiments provide methods for operating the wearable fitness monitoring device in a normal power state when the device determines that the device is worn by a user. Some embodiments provide methods for using response characteristics of the user's skin to adjust a gain and/or light emission intensity of the heart rate monitor.

Abstract: One variation of a method for triggering blood cell salvage for a patient includes: processing a first photographic image of a canister to estimate a content of a blood component within the canister; processing a second photographic image of a gauze sponge to estimate a content of the blood component in the gauze sponge; estimating an aggregate salvageable blood component content for the patient based on the estimated content of the blood component within the canister and the estimated content of the blood component in the gauze sponge; and in response to the estimated aggregate salvageable blood component content exceeding a threshold salvageable blood component content, generating a prompt to salvage the blood component from fluid within the canister and from the gauze sponge.

Abstract: An improved sensor (102) for physiology monitoring in mobile devices, wearables, security, illumination, photography, and other devices and systems uses broadband light (114) transmitted to a target (125) such as the ear, face, or wrist of a living subject. Some of the scattered light returning from the target to detector (141) is passed through narrowband spectral filter set (155) to produce multiple detector regions, each sensitive to a different wavelength range.

Abstract: An improved sensor (102) for respiratory and metabolic monitoring in mobile devices, wearables, security, illumination, photography, and other devices and systems uses a broadband ambient light (114), which is then transmitted to a target (125) such as the ear, face, or wrist of a living subject. Some of the scattered light returning from the target to detector (141) is passed through spectral filter set (155) to produce multiple detector regions, each region sensitive to a different narrowband wavelength range, and the detected light is spectrally analyzed to determine a measure of a physiology of the subject such as pulse, respiration, hydration, calories. Additional broadband light can be added when ambient light alone may be sufficient illumination for analysis.

Abstract: An improved sensor (102) for rate monitoring in mobile devices, wearables, security, illumination, photography, and other devices and systems uses an optional phosphor-coated broadband white LED (103) to produce broadband light (114), which is then transmitted along with any ambient light to target (125) such as the ear, face, or wrist of a living subject. Some of the scattered light returning from the target to detector (141) is passed through spectral filter set (155) to produce multiple detector regions, each sensitive to a different waveband wavelength range, and the detected light is analyzed to determine an interval between repetitive events such as heartbeat or respirations, in part based on a noninvasive measure of components of the bloodstream.

Abstract: Systems, methods and devices for reducing noise in health monitoring including monitoring systems, methods and/or devices receiving a health signal and/or having at least one electrode or sensor for health monitoring.

Abstract: An improved sensor (102) for hydration monitoring in mobile devices, wearables, security, illumination, photography, and other devices and systems uses an optional phosphor-coated broadband white LED (103) to produce broadband light (114), which is then transmitted along with any ambient light to target (125) such as the ear, face, or wrist of a living subject. Some of the scattered light returning from the target to detector (141) is passed through a narrowband spectral filter set (155) to produce multiple detector regions, each sensitive to a different waveband wavelength range, and the detected light is spectrally analyzed to determine a measure of hydration, such as fluid losses, fluid ingested, fluid balance, or rate of fluid loss, in part based on a noninvasive measure of components of the bloodstream.

Abstract: An improved sensor (102) for calorie monitoring in mobile devices, wearables, security, illumination, photography, and other devices and systems uses an optional phosphor-coated broadband white LED (103) to produce broadband light (114), which is then transmitted along with any ambient light to target (125) such as the ear, face, or wrist of a living subject. Some of the scattered light returning from the target to detector (141) is passed through narrowband spectral filter set (155) to produce multiple detector regions, each sensitive to a different narrowband wavelength range, and the detected light is spectrally analyzed to determine a measure of calories, such as calories expended, calories ingested, calorie balance, or rate of calories expended, in part based on a noninvasive measure of respiration, such as respiratory rate, respiratory effort, respiratory depth, or respiratory variability.

Abstract: A system including a sensor and a transceiver and configured to determine a concentration of an analyte in a medium of a living animal. The sensor may include first and second signal photodetectors and first and second reference photodetectors, which may each be covered by an associate filter. The first photodetector may receive light emitted from first and second grafts, respectively. The grafts may receive excitation light from one or more light sources. The transceiver may receive signals from the photodetectors of the sensor and may determine the analyte concentration based on the received signals.

Abstract: Apparatus is provided for detecting an analyte, configured to be implanted in a body of a subject. The apparatus includes an optical fiber having a distal portion and also a membrane permeable to the analyte. The membrane is coupled to the distal portion of the fiber and surrounding a sampling region at least in part, by being fitted over the distal portion of the fiber. Other embodiments are also described.

Abstract: An apparatus for a non-invasive sensing of biological analytes in a sample includes an optics system having at least one radiation source and at least one radiation detector; a measurement system operatively coupled to the optics system; a control/processing system operatively coupled to the measurement system and having an embedded software system; a user interface/peripheral system operatively coupled to the control/processing system for providing user interaction with the control/processing system; and a power supply system operatively coupled to the measurement system, the control/processing system and the user interface system for providing power to each of the systems. The embedded software system of the control/processing system processes signals obtained from the measurement system to determine a concentration of the biological analytes in the sample.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes embodiments of a patient monitoring system and methods that include the measure and display of hemoglobin statistics. In an embodiment, total hemoglobin trending is displayed over a period of time. Statistics can include frequency domain analysis, which may be unique for each patient monitored. The total hemoglobin trending and/or statistics can further be used to help control the treatment of a patient, such as being used to control IV administration.

Abstract: The present embodiments relate generally to patient monitoring system and, more particularly, to optical patient monitoring systems. In an embodiment, a physiological sensor includes a broadband emitter configured to emit two or more wavelengths of light into the tissue of a patient. The sensor also includes a charge coupled device (CCD) or complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) photodetector array comprising a plurality of photodetectors. Each photodetector in the photodetector array is configured to receive the light from the tissue of the patient and to produce a corresponding output signal. Additionally, the sensor also includes one or more filter layers disposed on the plurality of photodetectors. The filter layers are configured to only allow light of particular wavelengths, polarizations, or both, to be received by each of the plurality of photodetectors.

Abstract: Systems and method are disclosed for determining a concentration of an analyte in a fluid (e.g., blood). The system can draw blood from a patient and deliver the blood to a sample cell. A particular component of the fluid (e.g., plasma) may be separated and/or positioned such that the concentration of the analyte is measured in the particular component of the fluid (e.g., plasma). The sample cell can include a sample container that has two window pieces. The system can have a fluid passage having a tip configured to mate with a multi-lumen catheter without leaking. The multi-lumen catheter can have proximal and distal ports. A fluid pressure system can be configured to periodically draw fluid from vasculature through a proximal intravascular opening and the proximal port while maintaining a low pressure and/or flow rate to thereby reduce risk of reversing the fluid flow in a vessel and drawing infusates upstream into another intravascular opening.

Abstract: A system and optimization algorithm for determining the preferred operational wavelengths of a device configured for measurement of molecular analytes in a sample. Operational wavelengths are determined by solving a system of equations linking empirically defined functions representative of these analytes, spectrally dependent coefficients corresponding to these analytes, path lengths traversed by waves probing the analytes at wavelengths corresponding to the absorption level described by the functions representative of these analytes, and, optionally, a cost-function taking into account at least one of spectral separation between the operational wavelengths, manufacturability of wave source(s) producing wave(s) at operational wavelength(s), and the noise factor associated with the operation of such wave source(s).

Abstract: A device and method for non-invasively measuring analytes and physiological parameters by measuring terahertz radiation emitted though biological tissue. Terahertz pulses are emitted from a miniaturized quantum cascade laser to a fiber optic array into the wrist of the user. A corresponding sensor on the opposite side of the wrist receives the terahertz signals that have been modified by interacting with organic molecules. The data from the sensor is compiled and analyzed on a RAM chip and logic chip, where a program uses an algorithm to compare measurements to a library of existing measurements and topographic maps generated when the user first dons the device. Once the algorithm has parsed all the data points, a value, such as blood glucose level, appears on a display of the device. The device may be equipped with a gasket to reduce ambient light from contacting the sensor.

Abstract: In a special mode, a superficial wavelength set having plural types of narrow band light in a blue wavelength band of 400 to 500 nm is chosen. The plural types of narrow band light are successively applied to an internal body portion. A CCD captures images of the internal body portion under the narrow band light. A blood information calculation section calculates an oxygen saturation level of hemoglobin in a blood vessel based on an image signal. A comparison section compares the calculated oxygen saturation level with a predetermined threshold value. When the oxygen saturation level is less than the threshold value, a hypoxic region detection signal is outputted to a wavelength set switching section. The wavelength set switching section switches from the superficial wavelength set to a middle wavelength set and to a deep wavelength set, so the oxygen saturation levels at middle and deep depths are measured.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a noninvasive constituent concentration measuring apparatus and constituent concentration measuring apparatus controlling method, in which accurate measurement can be performed by superimposing two photoacoustic signals having the same frequency and reverse phases to nullify the effect from the other constituent occupying large part of the object to be measured. The constituent concentration measuring apparatus according to the invention includes light generating means for generating two light beams having different wavelengths, modulation means for electrically intensity-modulating each of the two light beams having different wavelengths using signals having the same frequency and reverse phases, light outgoing means for outputting the two intensity-modulated light beams having different wavelengths toward a test subject, and acoustic wave detection means for detecting an acoustic wave generated in the test subject by the outputted light.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to a non-invasive biosensor device configured to measure physiological parameters of a subject. In one aspect, a method of determining a training threshold of a subject is provided. The method includes the step of detecting an oxygenation parameter of a tissue of the subject using Near InfraRed Spectroscopy (NIRS). The method further includes the step of processing the oxygenation parameter. Additionally, the method includes the step of determining the training threshold of the subject using the result of the processing. In another aspect, a biosensor device for determining a lactate threshold of a subject during exercise is provided. In a further aspect, a biosensor device for measuring parameters of a subject during exercise is provided.

Abstract: In a special mode, a superficial layer wavelength set, a middle layer wavelength set, and a deep layer wavelength set are selected successively. Each wavelength set is composed of 3 different types of narrowband light applied successively to an internal body portion. A wavelength set table specifies the number of repetitions of each wavelength set. A controller controls a wavelength band switching element to apply every type of the narrowband light of each wavelength set, and to apply each wavelength set for the number of repetitions specified by the wavelength set table. A CCD captures images of the internal body portion under illumination of the narrowband light of the respective wavelength sets. A blood information calculation section calculates oxygen saturation levels of hemoglobin in blood vessels in the superficial, middle, and deep layers based on image signals, respectively. This provides information on cancer progression.