Abstract: An in-vehicle automated external defibrillator system and a method of controlling the same, for detecting a state of a driver and applying an electric shock to his or her heart in the event of emergency, are disclosed. The method of controlling the in-vehicle automated external defibrillator system includes determining, by a driver state recognition device, a state of a driver through a state determination device, upon determining that the driver is in a cardiac arrest state, determining, by a heart impulse position controller, two current pads among a plurality of current pads disposed in a seat belt, determining, by a heart impulse intensity controller, current to be applied through the two determined current pads, and applying, by the heart impulse intensity controller, the determined current through the two determined current pads.

Abstract: A motion artifact reduction apparatus and method of using a motion artifact reduction apparatus are provided. A general aspect of a motion artifact reduction apparatus includes at least one of a plurality of sensors and at least one sleeve body with a first end and a second end. The motion artifact reduction apparatus further includes a means for removably attaching the first end and the second end to each other and at least one sensor port disposed within the at least one sleeve body. The motion artifact reduction apparatus further includes an adhesive layer disposed around the sensor port, wherein the motion artifact of the at least one of a plurality of sensors may be reduced by attaching the first end and the second end of the sleeve body to each other and by the contact of the adhesive layer to the user's body at a desirable location.

Abstract: A non-invasive, wearable and portable medical device for evaluation and monitoring the heart condition for patients with congestive heart failure and a CHF management system is provided comprising a wearable textile-based device utilizing physiologic and biometric sensors, a Signal Acquisition Unit, and a monitoring system executing a suite of software algorithms to monitor and evaluate patients with CHF.

Abstract: According to at least one example, an ambulatory medical device is provided. The device includes a plurality of electrodes disposed at spaced apart positions about a patient's body and a control unit. The control unit includes a sensor interface, a memory and a processor. The sensor interface is coupled to the plurality of electrodes and configured to receive a first ECG signal from a first pairing of the plurality of electrodes and to receive a second ECG signal from a second pairing of the plurality of electrodes. The memory stores information indicating a preferred pairing, the preferred pairing being either the first pairing or the second pairing. The processor is coupled to the sensor interface and the memory and is configured to resolve conflicts between interpretations of first ECG signal and the second ECG signal in favor of the preferred pairing.

Abstract: A method of adding sensing of moisture and other characteristics into a garment such as a diaper, incontinence garment, brief, or underwear is disclosed. The primary design intent is optimal moisture detection, low per unit cost, and wide-scale data analysis of groups of patients. The embodiments place various forms of electrodes within a garment, and measuring the electrical properties of the electrodes to determine if the garment has contacted moisture. The embodiments herein could be used for sensing incontinence, sensing perspiration, and detecting failure of protective garments, among other purposes. The target moisture is urine and feces; however, other sources of body moisture can also be sensed. A specialized mesh network achieves accuracy of the information obtained, as well as redundancy and timely updating of that information.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a wireless biometric monitoring system that may be capable of acquiring, compiling, analyzing, and transmitting biometric data in near real time/real time. The system may utilize either the most up-to-date Bluetooth protocol (currently Bluetooth Smart) or a similar wireless protocol. The system may further integrate through this wireless protocol with peripheral devices to expand the measurement capacity of the system. In embodiments, the system may be capable of monitoring multiple biometric responses including, but not limited to: skin temperature, core temperature, respirations, heart rate, predicted tidal volume, chest wall movement, abdominal movement in conjunction with inspiration, abdominal movement in conjunction with expiration, HRR (heart rate reserve), HRV (heart rate variability), body position relevant to perpendicular, shoulder position relevant to hip position, general body posture, up time, down time, and malfunctions.

Abstract: A method for processing electrocardiograph (ECG) data using a garment includes determining, by a processor, a current working lead from ECG leads formed in advance using flexible electrodes in the garment based on a current ECG monitor type, and receiving, by the processor through lead wires corresponding to the current working lead, ECG data collected by flexible electrodes corresponding to the current working lead. A wearable apparatus for processing ECG data includes at least two flexible electrodes, in which the at least two flexible electrodes are capable of forming different leads based on predetermined configurations, at least two lead wires, and an ECG data collector configured to receive ECG data collected by the at least two flexible electrodes, in which each of the at least two flexible electrodes connects to the ECG data collector via at least one of the at least two lead wires.

Abstract: A medical device includes multiple electrodes and a processor. The multiple electrodes are coupled to a substrate attached externally to a patient and are configured to sense multiple respective electrical signals from an organ of the patient. The processor is configured to estimate two or more noise levels associated with the electrical signals sensed by two or more respective pairs of the electrodes, to select the electrical signals having a smallest noise level from among the two or more noise levels, and to provide only the selected electrical signals for analysis.

Abstract: A method can include analyzing non-invasive electrical data for a region of interest (ROI) of a patient's anatomical structure to identify one or more zones within the ROI that contain at least one mechanism of distinct arrhythmogenic electrical activity. The method also includes analyzing invasive electrical data for a plurality of signals of interest at different spatial sites within each of the identified zones to determine intracardiac signal characteristics for the plurality of sites within each respective zone. The method also includes generating an output that integrates the at least one mechanism of distinct arrhythmogenic electrical activity for the one or more zones with intracardiac signal characteristics for the plurality of sites within each respective zone.

Abstract: A heart activity sensor structure includes a flexible textile substrate, and at least two electrodes with an electric insulation between each of the at least two electrodes. The at least two electrodes are applied on one side of the flexible textile substrate and configured to be placed against a skin of an exerciser in order to measure biosignals related to heart activity. The heart activity sensor also includes an electrostatic discharge shield applied on one side of the flexible textile substrate for protecting the at least two electrodes from static electricity.

Abstract: A textile-based electrode system includes a first fabric layer having an inner and an outer surface. The inner surface includes a knitted electrode configured to be placed in contact with the skin of a user. A second fabric layer is disposed and configured to contact the outer surface of the first fabric layer. The second fabric layer includes a knitted conductive pathway configured to be electrically coupled to the knitted electrode. Furthermore, a third fabric layer is configured and disposed to contact the second fabric layer. A connector is disposed on the third fabric layer and is configured to be electrically coupled to the knitted conductive pathway. The second fabric layer can be folded about a first fold axis and the third fabric layer can be folded about a second fold axis to place the second fabric layer in contact with the first fabric layer and the third fabric layer.

Abstract: A method can include analyzing non-invasive electrical data for a region of interest (ROI) of a patient's anatomical structure to identify one or more zones within the ROI that contain at least one mechanism of distinct arrhythmogenic electrical activity. The method also includes analyzing invasive electrical data for a plurality of signals of interest at different spatial sites within each of the identified zones to determine intracardiac signal characteristics for the plurality of sites within each respective zone. The method also includes generating an output that integrates the at least one mechanism of distinct arrhythmogenic electrical activity for the one or more zones with intracardiac signal characteristics for the plurality of sites within each respective zone.

Abstract: A flexible electrode assembly comprises a central portion having electrical contacts disposed thereon and a plurality of elongated portions extending radially outwards from the central portion. One or more of the elongated portions has an electrode disposed in the vicinity of a distal end thereof. The electrodes are electrically coupled to respective ones of the electrical contacts disposed on the central portion. An apparatus for measuring electrophysiological signals in a human or animal body that incorporates the flexible electrode assembly is also disclosed.

Abstract: A physiological signal detection device includes at least one electrode pad, a base layer, and at least one water absorption unit. The electrode pad is positioned on a top surface of the base layer. The electrode pad and the base layer form a first receiving compartment therebetween. The water absorption unit is positioned in the first receiving compartment. The water absorption unit has a top engaging the electrode pad, and the water absorption unit has a bottom engaging the base layer.

Abstract: A garment includes a fabric portion, an electrode fixedly connected to the fabric portion, a receptacle fixedly connected to the fabric portion, and an electronics module releasably positioned in the receptacle. The receptacle includes a receptacle housing, an electrode lead, and a receptacle contact. The electrode lead is attached to the electrode. The electrode lead engages the receptacle contact to establish an electrical connection with the receptacle contact without being attached to the receptacle contact. The electronics module includes a module contact that engages the receptacle contact when the electronics module is positioned in the socket to establish an electrical connection between the module contact and the receptacle contact.

Abstract: A system for connecting remote equipment to a sensor device having a connector coupled to at least two terminals located on different portions of the sensor device. The portions of the sensor device may be an anterior portion and a posterior portion with each having at least one terminal. In turn, the terminals are nested on top of one another and at least one terminal is electrically accessible through a window region of the other portion. Further, the terminals are alignable with each other and with a connector by alignment indicators, which may provide a visual alignment indication for the terminals as well as a mechanical alignment of the connector with the sensor device.

Abstract: A combination of an article of clothing and ECG electrodes, the combination including a front piece and a back piece. The front piece includes an inner lining and an outer lining. Ten front-end modules of active electrodes, ten lead wires, and an electrical plug are disposed on the outer surface of the inner lining for the purpose of collecting electrical signals. The ten front-end modules are connected to the electrical plug via the ten lead wires, respectively. The front-end modules are riveted on the inner lining by bolts. The outer lining includes a pocket including a through hole. The electrical plug passes through the through hole and is inserted into a Holter system placed in the pocket. A plurality of female buckles for buckling ECG electrodes are disposed on an inner surface of the inner lining.

Abstract: A waterproof physiological signal detection device includes at least one electrode pad, a waterproof base layer, at least one water absorption unit, and a waterproof top layer. The electrode pad is positioned on a top surface of the waterproof base layer, and a first receiving compartment formed therebetween. The water absorption unit is positioned in the first receiving compartment. The water absorption unit has a top engaging the electrode pad and s a bottom engaging the waterproof base layer. The waterproof top layer overlaps the waterproof base layer and forms at least one top layer opening that corresponds to and exposes the at least one electrode pad. An undersurface of a circumference of the top layer opening overlaps a circumference of a top surface of the electrode pad with a central portion of the electrode pad projecting through the top layer opening.

Abstract: An electrode wearable or harness permits for easy, quick, and unsupervised administration or self-administration of a resting 12-or-more-lead ECG. Various advantageous features of the electrode wearable or harness include: inflatable or padded cushions at the lateral sides of the torso that function to press LA and RA electrodes mounted on the cushions against the downward-resting arms of the subject, permitting good electrode abutment with distal electrode placement without the need for adhesives, straps, bands, bracelets, or gloves on the arms; padding over the sternum to avoid tenting in the V1, V2, V3 and V3R electrodes whenever present, easy-to-don, one-piece design with an adjustable single point of connection and an adjustable shoulder strap; Lund or modified Lund placement; dry electrodes; and various other features. Methods of use are also described.

Abstract: A thoracic garment for bringing an EM transducer to contact with a thoracic surface area of a wearer. The thoracic garment comprises a front thoracic garment piece and a back thoracic garment piece the front and/or back thoracic garment pieces having EM transducer(s), the front thoracic garment piece having an arrangement of passages formed therein or thereon, a handhold mechanically connected to the front thoracic garment piece, a positioning marker, and a plurality of straps each threaded in the arrangement of passages. The thoracic garment is configured to be adapted by the wearer which uses a first hand to hold the handhold for mounting the front thoracic garment piece against or close to the chest such that the positioning marker is positioned at the predefined position while using a second hand for pulling the straps.

Abstract: A device (100) for measuring electrophysiological signals of a body comprising electrodes (101) and a multilayer supporting medium (102), such as garment, like a belt, for supporting said electrodes (101). The multilayer supporting medium (102) comprises at least one stretchable layer (103) and one non-stretchable (104) corrugated (104a) layer. The layers are coupled with each other in numerous portions (105) so that the corrugation portions (104a) of said non-stretchable corrugated layer (104) between the coupling portions (105) are free from said stretchable layer (103). The electrodes (101) are also arranged into the non-stretchable layers (104) at the coupling portions (105).

Abstract: A user interface component and system for physiological parameters telemetry is provided. A user interface component may be reversibly or irreversibly attached to a garment that allows connection to a user's skin, such as via one or more holes in the garment. Signals transmitted through a conductive transfer layer in the user interface component are provided to a signal receiving unit which can collect and transmit physiological data.

Abstract: A releasable liner for a sensor device having adhesive and conductive gel portions includes a flexible sheet having a free end and a fixed end, and a portion of the flexible sheet that is releasably attached to the sensor device, wherein the flexible sheet is folded upon itself so that the fixed end is generally adjacent the free end. Exerting a pulling force on the free end releases the liner in a controlled manner to uncover the adhesive and conductive gel portions of the sensor device.

Abstract: Devices and methods of treating a targeted body tissue by stimulating the body tissue with an electric current. In one embodiment, an apparatus includes an electrode carrier configured to be removably coupled to an interior surface of an orthosis. The electrode carrier includes a recess configured to matingly receive a portion of an electrode. The electrode carrier is electrically coupled to the electrode when the portion of the electrode is disposed within the recess. A connection member is electrically coupled to the electrode carrier and is configured to be releasably coupled to a surface of the orthosis. The electrode carrier is electrically coupled to the orthosis when the connection member is coupled to the orthosis. In some embodiments, the electrode carrier is configured to be removably coupled to the interior surface of the orthosis. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the electrode is constructed of an absorptive material.

Abstract: A wireless sleep apnea treatment system comprises a garment having at least one ECG monitor, a wireless signal acquisition board in communication with the ECG monitor and the computer and providing the electrical reading from the ECG monitor to the computer, and a patient stimulator controlled by the computer through the wireless signal acquisition board.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system (1) for providing an electrical activity map of the heart by means of electrical signals acquired by a plurality of surface electrodes (9). A surface electrodes positions determination unit (4, 6, 13) determines positions of the plurality of surface electrodes by means of optical shape sensing localization. The optical shape sensing element may comprise a wand (4), or alternatively an optical shape sensing fiber embedded in the vest comprising the surface electrodes. The position of a cardiac structure may be determined using ultrasound. An electrical activity map determination unit (16) determines the electrical activity map at the cardiac structure based on the measured electrical signals, the determined positions of the plurality of electrodes and the position of the cardiac structure, in particular, of the epicardial surface.

Abstract: A method of selecting one or more assay electrodes for use in a device used in an electrical thoracic scan system. The device has a linear multielectrode array, and the method includes providing a device for use in an electrical thoracic scan system. The device includes: a band having an inner surface; and a linear array of electrodes arranged along the length of the band and on the inner surface for contacting the skin surface. Further, each electrode is selectively connectable to a control unit. The method also includes: placing the device on the chest of the subject; designating, as reserve electrodes for potential use, the electrodes making contact with the skin surface; selecting a plurality of assay electrodes from the reserve electrodes; and utilizing the assay electrodes in an electrical thoracic scan process.

Abstract: A body-surface mapping system is disclosed that uses a plurality of electrodes to map at least a portion of a human torso without having to adjust the positions of the electrodes. The body-surface mapping system energizes groupings or regions of electrodes, then compares and adjusts the current driven through each grouping or region of electrodes to produce near-uniform fields. The electrodes of the body-surface mapping system may be interconnected by wires capable of sensing interelectrode distances, such that the system can reconstruct a detailed model of a patient's torso surface. The body-surface mapping system may also use a catheter in addition to the body surface electrodes to compute both endocardial and epicardial voltage distributions.

Abstract: An electrode assembly that includes an electrically conductive layer, a first impedance reduction system, and a second impedance reduction system. The electrically conductive layer forms an electrode portion of the electrode assembly and a first surface to be placed adjacent a person's skin. The first impedance reduction system is configured to dispense a first amount of an electrically conductive gel onto the first surface of the electrically conductive layer in response to a first activation signal. The second impedance reduction system is configured to dispense a second amount of the electrically conductive gel onto the first surface of the electrically conductive layer in response to a second activation signal.

Abstract: The invention relates to devices and methods for monitoring cardiac function. Specifically, the invention relates to devices for secure placement of electrocardiogram (ECG) sensors (patches, electrodes) on the body of a subject.

Abstract: A garment enables the monitoring of physiological properties of a person wearing the garment. The measuring sensors are integrated into the garment and are positioned by wearing the garment to the correct position of the body of the person wearing the garment. The device for monitoring the physiological properties containing the measuring electronics is located in the back portion of the garment. This device is either fixedly integrated into the garment or it can be removed.

Abstract: A medical electrical lead electrode assembly includes an insulative carrier and at least one conductive component. The at least one conductive component includes an electrode portion disposed on a first side of the carrier and at least one tab extending away from the electrode portion, through the carrier to a second side of the carrier. The electrode portion of the at least one component includes an outward facing contact surface and an inward facing surface, the inward facing surface being disposed opposite the contact surface and against a surface of the first side of the carrier. The electrode assembly further includes a joint coupling a flexible elongate conductor to the tab of the at least one component on the second side of the carrier, and an insulative layer extending over the joint and the tab and the conductor, the insulative layer being bonded to the second side of the carrier.

Abstract: Therapeutic medical garments for scar treatment includes a composite fabric for treating dermatological scars, wherein a layer of textile fabric and a layer of a therapeutic agent produce a composite sheet suitable for the treatment of dermatologic scars resulting from traumatic, surgical or other injuries to the skin. The composite sheet may be fashioned into garments fitted to the patient for convenience of use, optimization of skin contact, and single step application of pressure therapy and the therapeutic agent. A process of use of the medical garment for applying therapeutic agent and pressure therapies.

Abstract: A garment preferably in the form of a body suit which carries one or more sensors for sensing bodily functions of a wearer of the body suit. The body suit preferably has stretchable sections or belts upon which the sensors are carried such that the sensors are maintained in proper position on the body for reliable detection of the body functions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to sensory for measuring signals on the surface of the skin and for producing sensory. In the sensory in accordance with the invention, the electrode surfaces required for measuring of a signal and/or conductors required for transmitting of a signal have been fastened to the textile material of an outfit or accessory used on the body. In the method in accordance with the invention, the electrode surfaces required for the sensory and/or conductors are added to the textile material of an outfit or accessory used on the body.

Abstract: Textile-based electrodes include a fabric portion having stretch-recovery non-conductive yarns and an electrically conductive region having stretch-recovery electrically conductive yarn filaments. The electrodes can further include float yarns and can be configured in a textured or ribbed construction. When incorporated into a garment, the electrodes can be used to monitor biophysical characteristics, such as the garment wearer's heart rate.

Abstract: An apparatus to enhance muscular movement is provided. The apparatus includes at least one muscular movement sensor to sense a result of an attempt to move a muscle, a movement information controller to analyze the sensed muscular movement, and generate muscular movement information based on the analyzed muscular movements, and a muscular movement actuator to enhance the movement of the muscle according to the generated muscular movement information by actively controlling a deformation of the muscle movement actuator over the surface of the muscle.

Abstract: Two garments with textile based electrodes are disclosed. First, a wrist band for use with a cardiac patient remote monitoring system includes two fabric layers with integral textile-based electrodes. The textile based electrodes include a fabric portion having stretch-recovery non-conductive yarns and an electrically conductive region having stretch-recovery electrically conductive yarn filaments. The skin contacting surface of the band includes a conductive region formed as a continuous ring or stripe. A connector links the conductive region to a lead to a device. Second, an infant garment includes textile based electrodes at the torso region and optionally at other regions in order to monitor the infant's biophysical characteristics as the garment is worn.

Abstract: A body-surface mapping system is disclosed that uses a plurality of electrodes to map at least a portion of a human torso without having to adjust the positions of the electrodes. The body-surface mapping system energizes groupings or regions of electrodes, then compares and adjusts the current driven through each grouping or region of electrodes to produce near-uniform fields. The electrodes of the body-surface mapping system may be interconnected by wires capable of sensing interelectrode distances, such that the system can reconstruct a detailed model of a patient's torso surface. The body-surface mapping system may also use a catheter in addition to the body surface electrodes to compute both endocardial and epicardial voltage distributions.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to a wearable garment device for application of electrical current to a patient's tissue. The garment device includes a material having a aperture and a mesh material extending across the aperture. At least one electrode is attached onto one side of the mesh material. The surface of the mesh material attached to the at least one electrode is defined as the outer surface. The other surface of the mesh material is defined as the inner surface. The inner surface of the mesh material is placed against the patient's tissue to receive the electrical stimulation from the electrode.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for detecting physiological function, for example, nerve conduction, is described. In one embodiment the apparatus includes a housing including a stimulator shaped to fit a first anatomical site and a detector shaped to fit a second anatomical site. The housing automatically positions the detector substantially adjacent to the second anatomical site when the stimulator is positioned substantially adjacent to the first anatomical site. The detector contains a plurality of individual detection elements, whereby the response evoked by stimulation at the first anatomical site is measured using one or more of these detection elements at the second anatomical location.

Abstract: A sports clothes including an inner layer structure and an outer layer structure is suitable to be worn on a human body. The inner layer structure includes a main part, an elastic structure, at least two fabric electrodes, and at least one fastener. The elastic structure is connected with the main part. The two fabric electrodes suitable for contacting with the skin of the human body are directly knitted on the elastic structure. The fastener is nailed on the elastic structure and electrically connected with the two fabric electrodes. The parts of the outer layer structure and that of the inner layer structure corresponding to at least one of the shoulder, partial neck portion, and armpit are connected. The outer layer structure covers the inner layer structure completely.

Abstract: Textile-based electrodes include a fabric portion having stretch-recovery non-conductive yarns and an electrically conductive region having stretch-recovery electrically conductive yarn filaments. The electrodes can further include float yarns and can be configured in a textured or ribbed construction. When incorporated into a garment, the electrodes can be used to monitor biophysical characteristics, such as the garment wearer's heart rate.

Abstract: A body-surface mapping system is disclosed that uses a plurality of electrodes to map at least a portion of a human torso without having to adjust the positions of the electrodes. The body-surface mapping system energizes groupings or regions of electrodes, then compares and adjusts the current driven through each grouping or region of electrodes to produce near-uniform fields. The electrodes of the body-surface mapping system may be interconnected by wires capable of sensing interelectrode distances, such that the system can reconstruct a detailed model of a patient's torso surface. The body-surface mapping system may also use a catheter in addition to the body surface electrodes to compute both endocardial and epicardial voltage distributions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a sensor (42) placed on the skin, which can advantageously be integrated in a garment and has a contact layer in contact with the skin containing conductive fibres for receiving signals and a moisture retentive moisture layer (41) on top of the contact layer.

Abstract: A flexible, elastic garment (1) is provided comprising biomedical sensors (3, 4, 5, 6), an electrical power distribution and data transmission bus (2, 7) and a coupling circuit for allowing contactless transmission of power and data between the sensors and a circuit external to the garment. The sensors (3, 4, 5, 6), and the bus (2, 7) for distributing the electrical power and/or transporting the data from the sensors in the garment are formed by elastic conducting yarns integrated into the fabric of the garment.

Abstract: Textile-based electrodes include a fabric portion having stretch-recovery non-conductive yarns and an electrically conductive region having stretch-recovery electrically conductive yarn filaments. The electrodes can further include float yarns and can be configured in a textured or ribbed construction. When incorporated into a garment, the electrodes can be used to monitor biophysical characteristics, such as the garment wearer's heart rate.

Abstract: A method and apparatus include a therapeutic or developmental apparel that includes hardware and/or software for stimulating a muscle. Such apparel may comprise, for instance, of: a glove, a uniform, a shoe, a sock, a vest, a sleeve, a shirt, a hat, a helmet, a brace, a suspender, eye wear, a pad, jewelry, a watch and pants. A muscle of a user may be stimulated by the garment as the user moves, such as a when a golfer practices her swing. Combining such muscle stimulation with the act of practicing the movement of the swing has a synergistic effect of training the muscle as it builds strength. Similarly, a partial paralytic may regain strength in their hand by wearing a vest or other garment configured to transcutaneously deliver a stimulating signal. Where desired, the garment may include at least one electrode configured to deliver a stimulating signal to the wearer. In another or the same embodiment, wired electrodes may extend from the garment or an adjacent signal generator to the wearer.

Abstract: The present invention provides for an ECG electrode system that includes the use of electrodes adapted to attach to the body via suction. The invention includes a lightweight and compact air pump in combination with air connection hoses, a lightweight air distribution unit, associated electrode tubes, and respective electrodes adapted to be positioned by the Venturi principle, and corresponding electrical leads and recorders/monitors. The electrode leads can each be positioned within respective air connections hoses, e.g., in a manner that is concentric or coaxial with the axis of the connection hoses, in order to both protect the leads themselves and facilitate their positioning.

Abstract: The invention relates to a sensor (42) placed on the skin, which can advantageously be integrated in a garment and has a contact layer in contact with the skin containing conductive fibres for receiving signals and a moisture retentive moisture layer (41) on top of the contact layer.