Abstract: A system for detecting dehydration, hemorrhaging, and increases in blood volume comprising monitors the time difference between the arrival of the primary left ventricular ejection pulse (pulse T1) and the arrival of the iliac reflection (pulse T3) to determine an arterial pulse parameter which is the time difference between T1 T3. Changes in T3 minus T1 are indicative of something happening to blood volume. If the T1-3 value goes up and the patient is on an infusion system, it can be an indication of having too much fluid pumped and if T1-3 is lower than it should be for an individual, they are either dehydrated (which can result in decreases in blood volume), they are hemorrhaging, or they have hemorrhaged.

Abstract: A touch-sensitive display apparatus includes a multi-touch screen, a processor, and a network unit. The processor controls the apparatus to enter a pulse rate measuring mode, records the number of the touched touch points in each scanning period, and determines a curve according to all the recorded numbers within a preset period, the number of wave crests of the curve, and pulse rates per minute according to the number of the wave crests. A related method is also provided.

Abstract: A monitoring device for monitoring the vital signs of a user is disclosed herein. The monitoring device is preferably comprises an article, an optical sensor, an accelerometer and processor. The optical sensor preferably comprises a photodetector and a plurality of light emitting diodes. A sensor signal from the optical sensor is processed with a filtered accelerometer output signal from the accelerometer to create a filtered vital sign signal used to generate a real-time vital sign for a user.

Abstract: A subject information detecting unit I1 includes a sensor mount I21, having an opening I22 at a portion to be in contact with a subject I91 and an internal cavity I23 communicated with the opening I22, the cavity defining a closed spatial structure in a state where the subject information detecting unit I1 is mounted on the subject such that the opening I22 faces the subject I91; a sensor I31 disposed on the sensor mount I21 and receiving pressure information deriving from pulsating signals in a blood vessel I92 in the subject I91, the sensor detecting the pulsating signals in the blood vessel in the subject; and a film member I11 separating the opening I22 from the sensor I31 and blocking the permeation of moisture. The sensor I31 detects the pressure information deriving from pulsating signals from the blood vessel I92 in the subject I91 and propagating through the opening I22, the cavity I23 and the film member I11.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an electronic device and a method of measuring pulse adapted for the device. The electronic device includes a capacitive type touch control unit to sense the change of pulse and the capacitive type touch control unit includes a capacitor. The method includes steps: detecting a pulse of a user in real time and sampling the pulse every sample period, measuring charge-discharge time of the capacitor according to the sampled pulse at each sample period, counting a capacitance value of the capacitor according to the charge-discharge time corresponding to each sampled pulse, and forming a first wave form showing all counted capacitance values of the capacitor. Doing a spectrum analysis of the all counted capacitance values and performing a Fourier Transform to obtain a second wave form of pulse frequency-amplitude, and displaying the second wave form.

Abstract: An embodiment generally relates to systems and methods for estimating heart rates of individuals using non-contact imaging. A processing module can process multi-spectral video images of individuals and detect skin blobs within different images of the multi-spectral video images. The skin blobs can be converted into time series signals and processed with a band pass filter. Further, the time series signals can be processed to separate pulse signals from unnecessary signals. The heart rate of the individual can be estimated according to the resulting time series signal processing.

Abstract: The technology described in this document is embodied in a method that includes processing data in a first dataset that represents time-varying information about at least one pulse pressure wave propagating through blood in a subject acquired at a location of the subject. The data is acquired while the subject is in a situation associated with risk indicated by the data.

Abstract: The technology described in this document is embodied in a method that includes processing data in a first dataset that represents time-varying information about at least one pulse pressure wave propagating through blood in a subject acquired at a location of the subject. The method also includes providing information related to the data to a remote device.

Abstract: The technology described in this document is embodied in a method that includes processing data in a first dataset that represents time-varying information about at least one pulse pressure wave propagating through blood in a subject acquired at a location of the subject. The method also includes predicting a medical event of the subject based on the processed data.

Abstract: The technology described in this document is embodied in a method that includes deriving a metric associated with a state of a subject, the state of the subject being one or more members selected from the group consisting of health, sleep, fitness, and stress. Deriving the metric is based on data in a first dataset that represents time-varying information about at least one pulse pressure wave propagating through blood in the subject acquired at a location of the subject.

Abstract: A biological signal measuring apparatus that is provided with an oscillatory wave detection apparatus, an oscillatory wave period measuring part, a group memory apparatus that is configured to collect the periodic data and to store the periodic data as a group signal, and a vibration frequency calculation apparatus. The vibration frequency calculation apparatus is provided with a section discrimination part configured to compare the group signal with a predetermined value to carry out a section discrimination, a section memory part configured to store to a plurality of sections, a weight coefficient memory part configured to store a weight coefficient, and an oscillatory wave period weighted average value calculation part.

Abstract: A measurement information management system includes a measurement apparatus and an information device. The measurement apparatus may include a storage unit; a timepiece unit; a measurement unit which measures biological information indicative of a state of a user; a determination unit which determines whether the biological information meets a certain condition to thereby determine whether or not the state of the user is a certain state; a storage control unit which causes the storage unit to store a time at which the biological information is measured, when the biological information meets the condition; and a transmission unit which transmits information to the information device. The information device may include a display unit. Either the measurement apparatus or the information device may further include a position information measurement unit which measures a location. The display unit may display at least one of the time and the location.

Abstract: Medical devices, plug-ins, systems, and methods for CPR quality feedback are disclosed. The medical devices can calculate peripheral circulation relevant parameters based on measured signals containing at least partial hemodynamic characteristics. Amplitude and area characteristics included in the peripheral circulation relevant parameters can further be determined for providing feedback and control relating to CPR quality during the compression process. Also, compression interruption during CPR can be evaluated based on a pulse waveform generated from the measured signals.

Abstract: A biometric monitoring device is used to determine a user's heart rate by using a heartbeat waveform sensor and a motion detecting sensor. In some embodiments, the device collects collecting concurrent output data from the heartbeat waveform sensor and output data from the motion detecting sensor, detects a periodic component of the output data from the motion detecting sensor, and uses the periodic component of the output data from the motion detecting sensor to remove a corresponding periodic component from the output data from the heartbeat waveform sensor. From this result, the device may determine and present the user's heart rate.

Abstract: According to an example, a blood viscosity value of blood flowing through a blood vessel may be calculated by detecting a deformation of a blood vessel due to a pulsatile wave of blood flowing through the blood vessel, determining a pulsatile wave velocity of the pulsatile wave based upon the detected deformation, and calculating the blood viscosity value of the blood flowing through the blood vessel based on a predetermined relationship between blood viscosity and the determined pulsatile wave velocity.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method for characterizing circulatory blood volume and autoregulatory compensatory mechanisms to maintain circulatory blood volume is disclosed. A biological signal that emulates the arterial pulse wave is collected from a sensor. Three derived parameters are extrapolated from the biological signal. The first parameter, circulatory stress, reflects of the changes of the heart rate frequency. The second, circulatory blood volume, reflects the changes in the frequency strength of the heart rate frequency. The third, Pulse Volume Alteration (PVA) Index is a ratio of the sum of the strengths of the heart rate frequency harmonics to the strength of the heart rate frequency of the unprocessed biological signal. Each parameter is compared to a threshold value and assessed to determine an adequacy of circulatory blood volume and an appropriateness of the autoregulatory mechanisms used to maintain circulatory blood volume adequacy.

Abstract: The presence of a cardiac pulse in a patient is determined by evaluating physiological signals in the patient. In one embodiment, a medical device evaluates optical characteristics of light transmitted into a patient to ascertain physiological signals, such as pulsatile changes in general blood volume proximate a light detector module. Using these features, the medical device determines whether a cardiac pulse is present in the patient. The medical device may also be configured to report whether the patient is in a VF, VT, asystole, or PEA condition, in addition to being in a pulseless condition, and prompt different therapies, such as chest compressions, rescue breathing, defibrillation, and PEA-specific electrotherapy, depending on the analysis of the physiological signals. Auto-capture of a cardiac pulse using pacing stimuli is further provided.

Abstract: Clothing with an integrated heart rate monitoring device for monitoring the vital signs of a user is disclosed herein. The monitoring device preferably comprises an optical sensor, an accelerometer and processor. The optical sensor preferably comprises a photodetector and a plurality of light emitting diodes. A sensor signal from the optical sensor is processed to generate a real-time vital sign for a user.

Abstract: A light assembly to be worn by a user. Typically the light assembly (10) would be worn on a user's arm. The assembly (10) includes a body (11) of a “U” shaped configuration so as to have a base (14) extending between a pair of generally co-extensive extensive arms (12). The body (11) is formed of resilient material so as to be retained in position when urged into engagement with an object, which is preferably a users arm or leg, by resilient deformation of the body. At least one light, which is preferably an LED module (15), is mounted in the body (11).

Abstract: A pulse detector 100 includes a pulse information calculation unit 120 which calculates pulse information on the basis of a pulse wave detection signal from a pulse wave detection unit 10 having a pulse wave sensor 11 and a body motion detection signal from a body motion detection unit 20 having a body motion sensor, a determination unit 112 which determines the exercise state of a subject, and a control unit 150 which controls at least one of a pulse wave sensing operation in the pulse wave detection unit 10, a body motion sensing operation in the body motion detection unit 20, and a calculation processing rat in the pulse information calculation unit 120 on the basis of the determination result of the exercise state in the determination unit 112.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pulse depth index extraction device and method using pressure at a constant velocity. A device comprises: a pressure applying unit for applying a pressure at a constant velocity to a confirmed pulse location in a direction perpendicular to the skin; a pressure pulse wave signal measuring unit for measuring a pressure pulse wave signal generated based on the applied pressure; and a measured signal analysis unit for deriving the pulse depth index (PDI) by using the measured pressure pulse wave signal.

Abstract: A noninvasive light sensor for detecting heart beat signals has a circular support member engageable circumferentially with a body part of a person. Light emitters and light detectors are located around a circumference of the circular support member for respectively emitting light signals into different areas of tissue surrounding the body part, and detecting reflected light signals from the different areas of tissue surrounding the body part.

Abstract: A sleepiness assessment value P1 is set to be an average heart rate HR (S130). A sleepiness assessment value P2 is set to be a standard deviation ? of a respiration interval RespI for one minute (S150). A sleepiness assessment value P3 is set to be a value that is obtained by dividing, by one minute, an integrated value of a square of an average heartbeat interval RRIavg in a case where a variation in which a heartbeat interval RRI increases occurs (in a case where an RRI count value Xi is a value of one) (S190). A sleepiness assessment value P4 is set to a value that is obtained by averaging a variation ratio in a case where a variation in which the respiration interval RespI increases occurs (in a case where an RRI count value Yi is a value of one) (S210).

Abstract: A pulsation detecting device 100 includes a signal processing unit 130 that performs frequency resolution processing on the basis of a pulse wave detection signal from a pulse-wave detecting unit 210 and a body motion detection signal from a body-motion detecting unit 220, a pulsation-information calculating unit 170 that calculates pulsation information on the basis of a result of the frequency resolution processing, and a signal-state determining unit 150 that applies determination processing for a signal state to at least one of the pulse wave detection signal and the body motion detection signal. The signal processing unit 130 performs a different kind of the frequency resolution processing according to a determination result of the signal state by the signal-state determining unit 150.

Abstract: A system and method for measuring fluid flow and pressure in a flexible conduit is disclosed. An embodiment of the system and method uses an ultrasound sensor for determining volume of flow and a tonometric system for determining pressure along a common length of a flexible conduit.

Abstract: Apparatus, systems and methods employing a contact lens having a pulse oximetry sensor to detect information indicative of a blood oxygen content and/or pulse rate of a wearer of the contact lens, are provided. In some aspects, a contact lens includes a substrate that forms at least part of a body of the contact lens and a pulse oximetry sensor located on or within the substrate that detects information associated with at least one of blood oxygen content or a pulse rate of a wearer of the contact lens. The pulse oximetry sensor comprises one or more light emitting diodes that illuminate a blood vessel of at least one of a region of an eye or an eyelid and a detector that receives light reflected from the blood vessel and generates the information.

Abstract: Improved methods and apparatus for non-invasively assessing one or more parameters associated with fluidic systems such as the circulatory system of a living organism, when such parameters are potentially affected by other concurrent events. In one exemplary embodiment, apparatus and methods for compensating for occlusive events (e.g., pressure cuff inflation) occurring ipsilateral to the location of parameter measurement are disclosed. Upon passive detection of signal degradation resulting from the event, the apparatus selectively enters a “wait state” wherein further processing of the hemodynamic data is suspended until the degrading event subsides. This behavior mitigates any adverse effects the event might have on the accuracy of the representation of the measured hemodynamic parameter generated by the system. In another exemplary embodiment, the measured data is analyzed in order to classify the type of event (e.g.

Abstract: Some embodiments provide a wearable fitness monitoring device including a motion sensor and a photoplethysmographic (PPG) sensor. The PPG sensor includes (i) a periodic light source, (ii) a photo detector, and (iii) circuitry determining a user's heart rate from an output of the photo detector. Some embodiments provide methods for operating a heart rate monitor of a wearable fitness monitoring device to measure one or more characteristics of a heartbeat waveform. Some embodiments provide methods for operating the wearable fitness monitoring device in a low power state when the device determines that the device is not worn by a user. Some embodiments provide methods for operating the wearable fitness monitoring device in a normal power state when the device determines that the device is worn by a user. Some embodiments provide methods for using response characteristics of the user's skin to adjust a gain and/or light emission intensity of the heart rate monitor.

Abstract: A system and method for hemodynamic dysfunction detection may include at least one sensor configured to received one or more signals from a patient, a computing device in data communication with the at least one sensor, a computer-readable storage medium in communication with the computing device, an input device, and an output device. The system may include computer readable instructions to cause the system to receive at least one signal in the time domain from the sensor, determine at least one metric in the frequency domain from the at least one signal in the time domain, and determine the cardiovascular state of the patient from a combination of the at least one metric in the frequency domain and information contained in at least one database of cardiovascular states. The system may also notify a user of a immanent patient cardiovascular event and recommend one or more interventions to mitigate it.

Abstract: An apparatus for sensing multiple parameters includes an implantable housing and a plurality of implantable sensors disposed within the implantable housing. The plurality of implantable sensors sense parameters in a patient, such as biological or physiological parameters, for example, and each responds to an analyte in the patient. The plurality of implantable sensors may include, but is not limited to, electrochemical, potentiometric, current and optical sensors.

Abstract: Improved methods and apparatus for non-invasively assessing one or more parameters associated with fluidic systems such as the circulatory system of a living organism. In a first aspect, an improved method of continuously measuring pressure from a compressible vessel is disclosed, wherein a substantially optimal level of compression for the vessel is achieved and maintained using perturbations (e.g., modulation) of the compression level of the vessel. In one exemplary embodiment, the modulation is conducted according to a pseudo-random binary sequence (PBRS). In a second aspect, an improved apparatus for determining the blood pressure of a living subject is disclosed, the apparatus generally comprising a pressure sensor and associated processor with a computer program defining a plurality of operating states related to the sensed pressure data. Methods for pressure waveform correction and reacquisition, as well as treatment using the present invention, are also disclosed.

Abstract: A biometric monitoring device is used to determine a user's heart rate by using a heartbeat waveform sensor and a motion detecting sensor. In some embodiments, the device collects collecting concurrent output data from the heartbeat waveform sensor and output data from the motion detecting sensor, detects a periodic component of the output data from the motion detecting sensor, and uses the periodic component of the output data from the motion detecting sensor to remove a corresponding periodic component from the output data from the heartbeat waveform sensor. From this result, the device may determine and present the user's heart rate.

Abstract: Some embodiments provide a wearable fitness monitoring device including a motion sensor and a photoplethysmographic (PPG) sensor. The PPG sensor includes (i) a periodic light source, (ii) a photo detector, and (iii) circuitry determining a user's heart rate from an output of the photo detector. Some embodiments provide methods for operating a heart rate monitor of a wearable fitness monitoring device to measure one or more characteristics of a heartbeat waveform. Some embodiments provide methods for operating the wearable fitness monitoring device in a low power state when the device determines that the device is not worn by a user. Some embodiments provide methods for operating the wearable fitness monitoring device in a normal power state when the device determines that the device is worn by a user.

Abstract: A system which includes a first sensor placed proximate to a perfusion field of an artery receiving blood which emanates from the cranial cavity is configured to monitor pulsations of the artery receiving blood which emanates from the cranial cavity artery. A second sensor placed proximate to a perfusion field of an artery which does not receive blood emanating from the cranial cavity and approximately the same distance from the heart as the first sensor configured to monitor pulsations of the artery which does not receive blood emanating from the cranial cavity. A third sensor placed distally from a heart is configured to monitor pulsations of a distal artery. A processing system responsive to signals from the first, second, and third sensors is configured to determine intracranial pressure.

Abstract: A measuring unit has at least one first signal-measuring end and at least one second signal-measuring end. The first signal-measuring end and the second signal-measuring end contact at least two symmetrical portions of a living being to obtain at least one first pulse signal and at least one second pulse signal of the two symmetrical portions, respectively. A signal-analyzing unit is coupled to the measuring unit. The signal-analyzing unit obtains at least one physiological data based on the first pulse signal and the second pulse signal, respectively, further to determine a physiological condition of the living being according to the physiological data.

Abstract: A system comprising a biometric monitoring device including a housing including a platform to receive at least one foot of the user, a body weight sensor to generate body weight data, processing circuitry to calculate user weight data which corresponds to the user's weight, using the body weight data, and communication circuitry to: (a) receive user identification data which identifies the user or a portable activity monitoring device, and (b) transmit the user weight data to data storage associated with the user identification data. The system further includes the portable activity monitoring device including a housing having a physical size and shape that is adapted to couple to the user's body, a sensor to generate sensor data, and communication circuitry to receive physiologic data which is based on the user weight data, and processing circuitry to calculate activity data using the sensor data and physiologic data.

Abstract: Disclosed embodiments include a method for measuring non-invasive blood pressure from an oscillometric signal and a cuff pressure signal implemented in a medical apparatus comprising: (a) calculating a pulse pressure signal by subtracting an upper and a lower envelope of the oscillometric signal; and (b) calculating without the use of beat detection a mean arterial pressure, a systolic blood pressure, and a diastolic blood pressure from said oscillometric signal, said cuff pressure signal, and a plurality of thresholds a device with at least one processor.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to patient monitors designed to display goal indicators showing progress toward achieving patient monitoring goals. The goal indicators may be displayed on a main monitoring screen of the patient monitors, allowing caretakers to easily evaluate how effective they have been in managing the patient's condition. According to certain embodiments, the goal indicators may display a numerical value indicating the percentage of time that a physiological parameter was within predetermined goal limits. The patient monitors further may include user interfaces that enable a clinician to adjust parameters of the goal indicators, such as the goal limits and/or the goal time frame.

Abstract: Some embodiments provide a wearable fitness monitoring device including a motion sensor and a photoplethysmographic (PPG) sensor. The PPG sensor includes (i) a periodic light source, (ii) a photo detector, and (iii) circuitry determining a user's heart rate from an output of the photo detector. Some embodiments provide methods for operating a heart rate monitor of a wearable fitness monitoring device to measure one or more characteristics of a heartbeat waveform. Some embodiments provide methods for operating the wearable fitness monitoring device in a low power state when the device determines that the device is not worn by a user. Some embodiments provide methods for operating the wearable fitness monitoring device in a normal power state when the device determines that the device is worn by a user.

Abstract: According to the invention, a pulse wave measuring device includes: a connector that is disposed on a main unit; an external sensor that includes an external light-emitting module radiating light to a human body to be measured and an external light-receiving module receiving at least one of reflected light and transmitted light originating from the external light-emitting module and the human body so as to measure a pulse wave; an first controller that switches the external light-emitting module ON and OFF; an second controller that switches the external light-receiving module ON and OFF; and an external sensor connection determination section that determines a connection between the external sensor and the connector in accordance with a transient response of the external light-receiving module, wherein, after the external sensor connection determination section determines that the external sensor is connected to the connector, a measurement of the pulse wave by using the external sensor is started.

Abstract: A system and method (1000) for an interactive game is disclosed herein. The system (1000) preferably includes monitoring device (20) monitoring the vital signs of a user, an interface (1115), a game console (1010) and an accessory (1020). The monitoring device (20) is preferably an article (25) having an optical sensor (30) and a circuitry assembly (35), and a pair of straps (26a and 26b). The monitoring device (20) preferably provides for the display of the following information about the user: pulse rate; blood oxygenation levels; calories expended by the user of a pre-set time period; target zones of activity; time; distance traveled; and/or dynamic blood pressure. The article (25) is preferably a band worn on a user's wrist, arm or ankle.

Abstract: An optical device comprises a substrate having a first surface and a second surface being opposite the first surface; a light-emitting element having a first center, installed on the second surface; and a light-receiving element having a second center, installed on the first surface. At least a part of the light-emitting element is arranged at a position, overlapping the light-receiving element with respect to a plan view; the light-receiving element, installed after the light-emitting element, has a bonding pad, provided at a position displaced relative to the second center towards a first direction with respect to the plan view; and the first center is provided at a position displaced relative to the second center towards a second direction, being opposite the first direction DR1, with respect to the plan view.

Abstract: A system and method for multiple players to play an interactive game is disclosed herein. The system preferably includes monitoring device monitoring the vital signs of a user, a game console and a video monitor. The monitoring device is preferably an article having an optical sensor and accelerometer. The monitoring device preferably provides for the display of the following information about the user: pulse rate; blood oxygenation levels; calories expended by the user of a pre-set time period; target zones of activity; time; distance traveled; and/or dynamic blood pressure. The article is preferably a band worn on a user's wrist, arm or ankle.

Abstract: A method for identifying cardiac bradiacardia behavior may include acquiring pulse volume wave data from a sensor associated with a patient, and calculating metrics associated with peaks detected therein. The metrics may include changes in peak amplitudes of pulse volume peaks and in the times of occurrence of pulse volume peaks. Alternative metrics may include changes in frequency domain parameters derived from the time domain pulse volume wave data. Peak amplitude values may be compared to an amplitude baseline, and differences in successive peak occurrence times may be compared to a time baseline. Cardiac bradycardia behavior may be identified by a combination of a decrease in the pulse volume peak amplitude and an increase in successive peak occurrence times. A system to implement the method may include a computing device in data communication with a photo-plethysmograph. Alternative sensors may include a blood pressure cuff and an ECG device.

Abstract: Apparatus, systems and methods employing a contact lens having a pulse oximetry sensor to detect information indicative of a blood oxygen content and/or pulse rate of a wearer of the contact lens, are provided. In some aspects, a contact lens includes a substrate that forms at least part of a body of the contact lens and a pulse oximetry sensor located on or within the substrate that detects information associated with at least one of blood oxygen content or a pulse rate of a wearer of the contact lens. The pulse oximetry sensor comprises one or more light emitting diodes that illuminate a blood vessel of at least one of a region of an eye or an eyelid and a detector that receives light reflected from the blood vessel and generates the information.

Abstract: A first evaluation mode and a second evaluation mode for evaluating with a criterion different from the first evaluation mode are set and the second evaluation mode is applied to acquired information before application of the first evaluation mode to output the evaluation result. A user recognizes that the evaluation result is acquired from the current finger placement. If a change is made in the evaluation result by making transition from the second evaluation mode to the first evaluation mode, the user sensuously recognizes again that the finger placement is not proper from the evaluation result and is prompted to perform a correct operation of the finger position.

Abstract: A method for identifying cardiac dysrhythmia behavior may include acquiring pulse volume wave data from a sensor associated with a patient, and calculating metrics associated with peaks detected therein. The metrics may include differences in amplitudes of successive pulse volume peaks and differences in the times of occurrence of successive pulse volume peaks. A dispersion analysis of the time differences, obtained during a defined time window, may result in one or more time difference dispersion metrics. Amplitude differences may be compared to an amplitude baseline, and time differences may be compared to a time baseline. Cardiac dysrhythmia behavior may be identified by a combination of an amplitude difference outside of the amplitude baseline, a corresponding time difference outside of the time baseline, and the values of one or more time difference dispersion metrics.

Abstract: An exercise monitoring device includes: a setting section which sets a user's age and resting pulse rate; a calculating section which calculates a pulse rate range of aerobic exercise on the basis of the age and the resting pulse rate set by the setting section; a sensor which measures a working pulse rate of the user; a monitoring section which monitors whether or not the pulse rate measured by the sensor is within the pulse rate range calculated by the calculating section; and a notifying section which notifies the user of a result of monitoring obtained by the monitoring section.

Abstract: A patient monitoring device that combines physiological data collection with actigraphy data collection and associates the physiological data with synchronous actigraphy data. A method for processing actigraphy data by calculating absolute difference vectors of actigraphy signal vectors.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for providing reliable blood oxygen (Sa02) and heart rate measurements includes a chemical energy heating source in conjunction with a harness that is adapted to secure the chemical energy heating source and a pulse oximeter probe proximate to a region of the body which is to be warmed prior to measurement. Preferably, the chemical energy heating source is in the form a mixture including a metal powder, which releases heat at a predetermined rate via oxidation of the metal powder when exposed to the atmosphere. The apparatus may be designed to be reusable or disposable and can be used in a transmission or reflectance mode, or both.