Abstract: A normal lower jaw position of an examinee is determined.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are scales for assessing lip fullness, severity of perioral lines at rest, severity of perioral lines at maximum contraction or oral commissures. The scales comprise rows or columns of photographs corresponding to different severity categories. Each scale may have a Kappa score of at least about 0.700 for intra-rater and inter-rater reliability.

Abstract: A balloon for measuring a pressure related to the oral cavity including a pressure-receiving portion 20 that is formed of an elastic material and that internally forms an enclosed space and a tubular portion 21 that is formed integrally with the pressure-receiving portion, the balloon being configured to detect the air pressure in the interior of the pressure-receiving portion by communicating the interior of the pressure-receiving portion with a pressure detector through an opening end of the tubular portion. A transverse cross-section of the pressure-receiving portion orthogonal to the axial direction of the tubular portion has a flattened outer circumferential shape with an oblateness f=(A?B)/A, where A represents the length of a major axis of the outer circumferential shape and B represents the length of a minor axis thereof being set to a range of 0.1?f?0.7 at a position at which the length A of the major axis is at a maximum.

Abstract: An apparatus, in particular a dental splint, for the measurement of occlusal forces in case of a terminal occlusion of teeth comprises at least one sensor which is arranged outside of an occlusion region of the apparatus. A system for the diagnosis or treatment of bruxism serves to determine the position or the size of occlusal forces on the apparatus. A method allows exact localization and quantitative determination of occlusal forces on the apparatus.

Abstract: The driving skill evaluating apparatus is an apparatus that evaluates the driving skill of a driver who drives a vehicle. The evaluating apparatus includes: driver load measurement means for measuring the degree of physical load on the driver in a driving operation activity of the vehicle; driving operation quantity measurement means for measuring the quantity of driving operation performed by the driver for the vehicle in the driving operation activity; and evaluation means for evaluating the driving skill of the driver by using the degree of the physical load on the driver and the quantity of driving operation.

Abstract: The present invention provides a evaluating system of masticatory efficiency comprising, a first step of allowing a human subject to masticate an artificial food material containing microparticles that are finely crushed and ground by mastication and keep a spherical shape unless they are masticated; a second step of enlarging the artificial food material having been thus masticated by applying pressure to a thickness equal to the diameter of the microparticles while sandwiching the artificial food material between two preparation sheets; and a third step of counting microparticles keeping the spherical shape that remain in the artificial food material having been enlarged between the two preparation sheets by applying pressure. By using this evaluating system in the invention, the masticatory efficiency can be evaluated well in precise and at short time without using a solvent and expensive instruments.

Abstract: A device for taking measurements associated with an oral cavity of an individual. The device comprises a body and measuring indicia formed on the body which can be used to measure at least one parameter of the individual's mouth. An upper surface and a lower surface of the body are formed from an markable material capable of being marked by application of force from the individual's teeth. The body may also comprise a pallet measuring member constructed and arranged to extend operably from the body. The pallet measuring member has indicia formed thereon to enable measurement of the height of the individual's hard pallet. The body may also be provided with indicia to measure the length of the individual's tongue.

Abstract: An intra-oral laser digitizer system provides a three-dimensional visual image of a real-world object such as a dental item through a laser digitization. The laser digitizer captures an image of the object by scanning multiple portions of the object in an exposure period. The intra-oral digitizer may be inserted into an oral cavity (in vivo) to capture an image of a dental item such as a tooth, multiple teeth or dentition. The captured image is processed to generate the three-dimension visual image.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system, method, and device for detecting non-nutritive sucking events produced by an infant; patterns comprising such events (i.e., rhythmic sucking patterns, or RSPs); and relating said events and/or RSPs to an infant's response to a olfactory sensory input. The frequency and/or amplitude and/or other characteristics of non-nutritive sucking can change in response to such inputs. Accordingly, changes to RSPs offer detectable and measurable indicia of an infant's perception of these inputs. Furthermore, such information may be used to support and/or substantiate marketing communications to consumers; to guide selection and/or management of research-and-development projects; to help choose product designs that elicit RSPs identified as correlating with the well being of an infant; and other such uses.

Abstract: A system and method for displaying an esophageal operation includes a display device, an interface capable of receiving esophageal impedance and pressure measurements, and a processing system in communication with the display device, the interface, and an esophageal operation model. The processing system is configured to receive a plurality of impedance values from a first plurality of spaced-apart esophageal locations, receive a plurality of pressure values from a second plurality of spaced-apart esophageal locations, process the plurality of impedance values and the plurality of pressure values with the esophageal operation model, display the plurality of impedance values on the display device as a bolus transit, and display the plurality of pressure values on the display device as operational esophagus movement.

Abstract: A method for concurrently measuring a force exerted upon each of a plurality of teeth is disclosed. A dentition crown connecting rod associated with a force gauge is positioned such that a dentition crown coupled to the dentition crown connecting rod may be received within a corresponding cavity of a reference aligner. A measurement aligner is then applied to the dentition crown, wherein the dentition crown is positioned to be received within a corresponding cavity of a reference aligner. A force exerted on the dentition crown by the measurement aligner is then calculated.

Abstract: A system and method for concurrently measuring a force exerted upon a tooth is disclosed. In one aspect of the invention, the system includes a target tooth attached to a force gauge which is coupled to a motion module for adjusting the tooth to a reference position. The method includes utilizing a motion module of a force measurement device is utilized to adjust each target tooth of a plurality of target teeth to be located in a reference position. Next, each target tooth receives a dental appliance. Then an exerted force is measured by the dental appliance upon each target tooth utilizing a coordinate system of the force gauge.

Abstract: A swallowing movement measuring device is disclosed that has plural pressure sensors which are arranged in a line and supported in a vertical direction and a tool for wearing the pressure sensors and for fixing the pressure sensors to touch an anterior region of the neck of a subject. The tool for wearing the pressure sensors is provided with an urethane foam in which the pressure sensors are arranged and placed in line and supported along a direction of the up and down movement of thyroid cartilage when food is swallowed. A fixing tool of the pressure sensors supports the urethane foam and a holding band holds the fixing tools of the pressure sensors on the anterior region of neck of the subject.

Abstract: A dental handpiece is provided with a collar that moves along an outer surface of the handpiece. A contact is secured to the collar. The collar interfaces with an electrical circuit that extends within the dental handpiece. The contact is removable from the collar and the contact defines an electrical connection between a cutting tool used with the dental handpiece and the electrical circuit that extends within the dental handpiece.

Abstract: A bite force measuring device includes a handle having first and second ends. A measurement shaft extends outwardly from the handle first end and includes a distal end relative to the handle. A test plate is positioned on the measurement shaft. The measuring device includes a flexible reservoir positioned inside the measurement shaft that is in contact with the test plate that contains a generally incompressible fluid such that the flexible reservoir undergoes pressure changes when the test plate bears against the reservoir. A plunger shaft is operatively connected to the reservoir and is pushed outwardly therefrom when pressure in the reservoir is increased. The plunger shaft may include indicia indicative of a measurement of a relative bite force.

Abstract: A stress-at-work judging apparatus, program, and method for judging the stress exerted on the subject at work such as steering of a vehicle by the subject. An myoelectric potential signal of the masseter muscle is inputted during an object work carried out by the activity of muscles independent of the activity of the masseter muscle opening/closing the jaw of the subject. The myoelectric potential signal representing a change of the activity of the masseter muscle and generated when the object work acts as a stressor of the subject is used to judge the stress. A camera or microphone is disposed near the subject to exclude the period during which the subject speaks or masticate by using the masseter muscle independently of the object work from the object period during which stress is judged.

Abstract: An apparatus for measurement of force exerted by the tongue or the lips. The apparatus comprises a sensor assembly having a force-receiving element, a force transducer providing a sensor signal, and a shaft mechanically coupling the force applied to the force-receiving element to the force transducer. An apparatus for providing isometric or resistive treatment to increase the strength and motility of the tongue or the lips. The apparatus comprises an isometric assembly or a resistive assembly having a force-receiving element providing an isometric barrier or a resistive force, respectively, a support structure, and a shaft connecting the force-receiving element to the support structure.

Abstract: A tongue diagnosis system based on chromatic and textural features of a subject's tongue, which is based on Bayesian analysis of two sets of quantitative features, related to the color and texture of the tongue, respectively. The two sets of quantitative features are extracted from a digital tongue image of the tongue. The system includes several modules for image acquisition, tongue contour extraction, color and texture features extraction, and Bayesian analysis, respectively. These modules may be connected and configured in a way that a disease diagnosis process, from tongue image acquisition to an output of a diagnosis result, is progressing automatically.

Abstract: Dental devices in the form of a temporary implant for securing a rubber dam clamp, and a nerve locator for aiding a dental surgeon during oral surgery on a patient.

Abstract: The invention provides an assembly for measuring the penetration depth of a dental instrument into a root canal of a tooth. The assembly has a base element configured to be clampingly braced onto a tooth to be treated; an electrically conductive guiding member affixable to the base element and disposed, when assembled, above the tooth, thereby, in use, a portion of the dental instrument makes electrical contact with it. The guiding member further includes an electrical terminal connectable to an apex location measuring device. Methods for continuously measuring penetration depths of a dental instrument into a root canal of a tooth are also provided.

Abstract: Apparatus for determining the apex of a dental root canal in a tooth includes a software operated microcontroller having a pulse generator, a memory and an analog to digital converter (ADC), the pulse generator feeding pulses to a gain control circuit for controlling the amplitude of the pulses. The apparatus also includes a driver receiving signals from the control circuit for feeding the signals to an electrically conductive shaft having a leading edge and a dental instrument connectable thereto, an input buffer receiving signals from the dental instrument and feeding the signals to the ADC, and a display for exhibiting data concerning the distance of the leading edge of the shaft from the root canal apex. A method for determining the apex of a dental root canal in a tooth is also provided.

Abstract: Overall and constituent oral mucositis assessment scale scores are generated by the use of a probe to obtain moisture measurements at a particular site. A control collects data samples. A converter produces a value for the oral mucositis assessment scale (OMAS) in response to the collected data (DPM) in accordance with a correlation defined by: OMAS = DPM - DPM o K ? ( I ) .

Abstract: Impression devices are provided for making an impression of a desired feature. The impression devices include: a flexible bladder having a cavity formed therein, the flexible bladder being capable of conforming to the details of the desired feature; a rheological material, such as a magnetorheological fluid, disposed in the cavity of the flexible bladder; and an activator for applying an external stimulus to the rheological material to change the state of the rheological material and thereby capture an impression of the desired feature.

Abstract: A intra-oral laser digitizer system provides a three-dimensional visual image of a real-world object such as a dental item through a laser digitization. The laser digitizer captures an image of the object by scanning multiple portions of the object in an exposure period. The intra-oral digitizer may be inserted into an oral cavity (in vivo) to capture an image of a dental item such as a tooth, multiple teeth or dentition. The captured image is processed to generate the three-dimension visual image.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring jaw motion has a pair of fixed marker attached to both sides of face of patient, a pair of movable markers disposed to face the fixed marker in a spaced distance and to move in unison with the movement of the lower jaw of patient, four cameras recording the three-dimensional movement of the movable marker relative to the fixed marker, as lower jaw moves, and personal computer for receiving and processing the image signals fed from connected cameras. The apparatus can accurately measure the location of the center of patient's jaw motion and the moving track thereof with stereo vision processing of the image signals obtained from camera.

Abstract: The long axis of an object that is complex in shape, such as a tooth, may be accurately determined using digital data representing the shape of the object. A polyhedron is defined such that the center of the polyhedron coincides with a point representing the centroid of the object. Axis lines are then determined by establishing reference lines through each face of the polyhedron and the point representing the centroid of the object. The moment of the object is calculated about each axis line, and the axis line that corresponds to the smallest calculated moment is selected. Additional iterations of the method are then carried out by recursively subdividing the corresponding face into smaller sections until a desired angular accuracy is achieved. The method is particularly useful for orthodontic diagnosis and treatment.

Abstract: A method for measuring the acoustic damping capacity of a material or structure, such as a layered honeycomb structure, comprises tapping the honeycomb structure with a tapping rod. The tapping action imparts mechanical energy to the honeycomb structure. The method further comprises measuring, for a time interval, energy reflected from the honeycomb structure as a result of the tapping. The method further comprises creating a time-energy profile based on the energy reflected from the honeycomb structure during the time interval. The method further comprises evaluating the time-energy profile to determine the acoustic damping capacity of the honeycomb structure.

Abstract: A method for measuring the acoustic damping capacity of a material or structure, such as a layered honeycomb structure, comprises tapping the honeycomb structure with a tapping rod. The tapping action imparts mechanical energy to the honeycomb structure. The method further comprises measuring, for a time interval, energy reflected from the honeycomb structure as a result of the tapping. The method further comprises creating a time-energy profile based on the energy reflected from the honeycomb structure during the time interval. The method further comprises evaluating the time-energy profile to determine the acoustic damping capacity of the honeycomb structure.

Abstract: A method for utilizing oral movements is used in speech assessment, speech therapy, language development, and controlling external devices. A device is used which includes a sensor plate having sensors to detect contact of the tongue with the sensor plate. One aspect of the invention allows viewing representations of contact of the tongue and palate during speech and comparing the representations with model representations displayed in a split screen fashion. The model representations may be generated by another speaker utilizing a sensor plate or by computer generated representations which have been electronically stored. The representations may be analyzed to assess speech proficiency and the model may be mimicked for speech enhancement.

Abstract: A method, apparatus and program product correlates measured endodontic signals to stored distance values indicative of probe position within a root canal. An appropriate distance value is retrieved from a memory having a plurality of electrical signal measurements and other information stored in associative relationship with respective distance values.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting the stability of a tooth in the gum or an implant in the body is constructed to include a holder for holding a test object to be examined, an impact device disposed at one side of the holder for striking the test object, causing the test object to produce vibrations, and sensor means disposed at one side of the holder for detecting the vibrations produced by the test object upon the striking of the impact device against the test object.

Abstract: A mastication monitoring device 1 is provided with a probe 2 which is attached to a cheek in order to detect the concentration of reduced hemoglobin in the masticatory muscles. A photodetector 22 of the probe 2 detects light scattered in the masticatory muscles and delivers a signal of the amount of light received to a signal processing unit 3. The signal processing unit 3 computes the reduced hemoglobin concentrations (time-series changes) from the signals of the amount of light received, and further computes outputs S (time-series changes) corresponding to the time-series changes in the reduced hemoglobin concentrations. A mastication iteration counting unit 41 detects peaks in periodical changes of Sd which is the difference between the output S and the moving average value Sma of the output S and counts the peaks in periodical changes of Sd as the mastication iterations.

Abstract: A dental diagnostic system for analyzing tooth structure, restorative materials within a tooth structure, and disease states of a tooth includes an analyzer which may be attached to a variety of dental probes, dental drills, and instruments to afford adaptability to a variety of clinical situations in providing diagnostic information on the naturally occurring tooth structure, man-made materials placed or found within the tooth structure, diseased or otherwise affected, infected or effected tooth structure, as well as tooth structure that has been eroded, worn by attrition, abraded, abfracted, fractured, crazed, broken or otherwise compromised through patient use, misuse, fatigue or longevity of use; and a method of diagnosing using the system.

Abstract: An apical foramen locator that a dental or medical practitioner can use to quickly and accurately identify the location of a patient's apical foramen during a dental/medical procedure is provided. The apical foramen locator determines the location of the apical foramen relative to a tool inserted into the patient's tooth by sensing an impedance—typically the voltage across two electrodes—and a stimulus voltage, and retrieving from an impedance map apical foramen location data that corresponds to the sensed impedance. The apical foramen locator can include a power circuit operable to apply a stimulus voltage across two electrodes and a reference resistor, an impedance-sensing circuit operable to read the stimulus voltage, a first voltage across the electrodes and a second voltage across the reference resistor and a processing component operable to derive first and second voltage indices from the stimulus, first and second voltages.

Abstract: An information detecting contact shoe, while contacting a portion-under-measurement, irradiates light, and detects transmitted light, reflected light, or scattered light from the portion-under-measurement. Non-invasive measurement of a particular component contained in the portion-under-measurement is performed. An exposing device is utilized which exposes a labial mucosa of a lip portion which is the portion-under-measurement. Further, a prism is attached to the exposing device.

Abstract: A method, apparatus and program product correlates measured endodontic signals to stored distance values indicative of probe position within a root canal. An appropriate distance value is retrieved from a memory having a plurality of electrical signal measurements and other information stored in associative relationship with respective distance values.

Abstract: To assess the sensitivity of a subject's pharynx, an open mouthpiece (1) fitted with a thin guide tube (2), having an articulated end (4), is inserted into the subject's mouth. A pipe (9) is inserted into the guide tube, under visual observation through the mouthpiece, until it touches the subject's palate. The position on a measurement scale (11) provided on the pipe facing a second end of the guide tube is noted, and the pipe is withdrawn over a preset distance, for example 1 cm, and fixed in this position onto the guide tube. A variable gas flow is injected into the pipe and reaches the pharyngeal mucous situated facing the pipe. The sensitivity of the subject's pharynx, measured by the threshold of sense perception, is determined by the lowest flow value perceived by the subject.

Abstract: A device is provided for measuring the mechanical impedance of its surroundings. The device includes a force generator, a force sensor (32), an accelerometer unit (34), an electronic unit capable of calculating the impedance of the basis of outputs received from a device component and suitable power and control signal sources.

Abstract: The long axis of an object that is complex in shape, such as a tooth, may be accurately determined using digital data representing the shape of the object. A polyhedron is defined such that the center of the polyhedron coincides with a point representing the centroid of the object. Axis lines are then determined by establishing reference lines through each face of the polyhedron and the point representing the centroid of the object. The moment of the object is calculated about each axis line, and the axis line that corresponds to the smallest calculated moment is selected. Additional iterations of the method are then carried out by recursively subdividing the corresponding face into smaller sections until a desired angular accuracy is achieved.

Abstract: A mouth supported tongue/hard palate pressure sensor allows pressures to be measured between the tongue and hard palate in an environment that closely approximates the configuration of the tongue and mouth during natural swallowing to provide diagnosis and therapy for swallowing disorders.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for the 3-dimensional analysis of movement of tooth surfaces of the maxilla (MX) in relation to the mandible (MN), comprising a measurement system for determining the movement of two solid bodies in all degrees of freedom by means of electronic measurement sensors. A measurement MX-sensor is mounted with respect to the maxilla and a measurement MN-sensor is mounted with respect to the mandible, and the positions of the measurement sensors are recorded continuously during the performance of mandible movements.

Abstract: Apparatus for the treatment of bruxism, including a biosensor adapted to sense a phenomenon associated with a bruxing event, and a relaxation stimulator in communication with the biosensor and adapted to provide a relaxation stimulus to relax at least one of an obruxism muscle and an obruxism nerve.

Abstract: An intraoral device makes a new treatment of dental problems possible. The device includes electronic circuitry, including a proximity detector, a variable time delay, a signal generator and a power supply, to sense and record the frequency and duration of unwanted or undesirable relative positions of body parts within the oral cavity. The recorded data stored by the circuitry enables a dentist to chart the progress of a patient during treatment and diagnose whether functional problems exist which require a specific treatment plan. The undesirable position may be teeth clenched, jaw open with teeth unclenched, tongue pressed against the teeth or a retruded portion of the lower jaw. When these positions have been assumed for too long, a signal reminds the patient. This automatic signal makes it possible for the patient to unlearn bad habits or learn new habits.

Abstract: Mouthpieces 12 disposed in a mouth between a lower lip, teeth and gum, for example, are mounted to a force measuring device 11. An outer mouthpiece 16 disposed at the lip side is connected via a connecting shaft 28 to a shaft 26, which is a force measuring portion of the force measuring device 11 while an inner mouthpiece 14 disposed at the side of a tooth row is connected to a main body 34 of the force measuring device 11 via a connecting shaft 22 and a mouthpiece-mounting bracket 38. When the mouthpieces 12 are disposed between the lower lip, teeth and gum and the lips are closed, the outer mouthpiece 16 is pulled by the lip. The force pulling the outer mouthpiece 16 is the lip pressure, and the lip pressure at a rest position and the maximum lip pressure (the pressure of a tongue when the mouthpieces 12 are disposed at the side of a body of tongue) of an examinee are displayed on a display 36 of the force measuring device 11.

Abstract: A light irradiating section irradiates a muscle used for occlusion of teeth, with light, and a light detecting section detects scattered light from the muscle. An oxygen saturation acquiring section acquires an oxygen saturation of the muscle, based on the scattered light thus detected. Further, based on correlation data between oxygen saturation and occlusal force stored in a correlation data storing section, an occlusal force calculating section calculates the occlusal force of the subject corresponding to the oxygen saturation acquired.

Abstract: A system is provided for monitoring an undesired behavioral disorder such as bruxism, jaw clenching, or snoring. A processor correlates the monitored behavior with the onset of the undesired disorder. Since behavior of this type is typically subconscious, the sensor is preferably coupled to a warning device to alert the patient when he or she is performing the undesired behavior. Typically the warning device causes the patient to experience an unpleasant sensation, thus promoting the discontinuance of the behavior. In one embodiment the system determines which stimuli is most effective and therefore best suited for an individual patient. The system may further include means to record the monitored data related to the undesired behavioral disorders. This feature allows the patient to receive data related to the rate, duration, intensity, and time of day that the unconscious behavior occurred thus allowing the patient to correlate the undesired behavior with outside factors.

Abstract: A system for measuring tongue pressure includes a thin palate floor plate, thin pressure sensor sheets, an attaching member and a cable. The shape of the thin palate floor plate matches with that of a palate. The thin pressure sensor sheets have a plurality of pressure sensing cells secured to the lower surface of the palate floor plate. The attaching member attaches the palate floor plate to a proper position in the palate. The cable transmits information from the pressure sensing cells of the pressure sensor sheets to an apparatus outside the palate, and is let out of the oral cavity extending around the back of the final gum tooth and passing along the vestibule of the oval cavity when the palate floor plate is attached in the palate. Each of the pressure sensor sheets has two resin backings structured in one body, each of which has a plurality of electrodes covered with a pressure-sensitive ink layer on one side. Between the backings, air is contained gastightly.

Abstract: A dental diagnostic system for analyzing tooth structure, restorative materials within a tooth structure, and disease states of a tooth includes an analyzer which may be attached to a variety of dental probes, dental drills, and instruments to afford adaptability to a variety of clinical situations in providing diagnostic information on the naturally occurring tooth structure, man-made materials placed or found within the tooth structure, diseased or otherwise affected, infected or effected tooth structure, as well as tooth structure that has been eroded, worn by attrition, abraded, abfracted, fractured, crazed, broken or otherwise compromised through patient use, misuse, fatigue or longevity of use; and a method of diagnosing using the system.

Abstract: A dental instrument assembly includes a motion-tracking hexapod including a plurality of telescoping members each connected at one end to a first frame and at an opposite end to a second frame and further including a plurality of linear transducers each operatively coupled to a respective one of the telescoping members for generating a signal indicative of a degree of extension of the respective one of the telescoping members. A generally U-shaped bracket is connected to the first frame for mounting the first frame to a row of teeth in a patient's mouth, and a dental instrument or probe is mounted to the second frame. A computer connected to the transducers is connected to other computers via the Internet for enabling dental data exchange.

Abstract: A system and a method for maintaining an association between a patient, a health provider and an insurance provider. A working model of a patient is perpetually updated to provide a basis for the insurance provider to authorize treatment plans, verify treatment quality and compliance with the guidelines of the association.