Abstract: The invention relates to a shaped body and a method for producing such shaped bodies which have substantially more favourable physical and chemical properties and which can be used advantageously thereby in the most varied of application fields, particularly in the construction industry. The shaped bodies should be produced at low cost and higher strengths should be achieved than conventional materials, with as low bulk densities as possible. According to the invention, this object is achieved in that the shaped body is formed exclusively from lightweight aggregates which are sintered together. The lightweight aggregates are selected thereby from expanded glass granulate, expanded clay granulate, or thermally pre-expanded perlite or also from mixtures thereof. They are produced from the lightweight aggregate in granulate form, having a residual expanding agent content of at least 0.1% by mass.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and to a device for foaming molten materials (1), wherein molten material is processed into a melt film (6), foaming agent (3) is mixed into this melt film, this melt film is atomised by an atomiser (13), is deposited as a mixture (4) onto a foaming surface (15) where the mixture is foamed into material foam.

Abstract: Inorganic porous materials contained in a confined space with at least one dimension of less than 1 mm, which are in liquid tight contact with the walls of said confined space. Preferred as the confined space are capillaries. Articles contained such materials and methods for making them in the confined space are described.

Abstract: A method of making a foam glass having a substantially uniform pore size by first providing a substantially homogenous mixture of a milled glass and an activated carbon foaming agent, and then heating said mixture in the presence of oxygen to a temperature sufficient to react said foaming agent with oxygen. Preferably, the mixture is heated to a temperature of between about 700° C. and about 850° C., and more preferably the mixture is heated to a temperature of between but not limited to about 750° C. and about 800° C. The milled glass is preferably provided as waste soda lime glass. Preferably, the carbon foaming agent is milled to a substantially uniform particle size of less than about 400 mesh, more preferably less than about 325 mesh, and more preferably less than about 270 mesh. Preferably, the glass precursor is milled to a substantially uniform particle size of less than about 400 mesh, more preferably less than about 325 mesh, and more preferably less than about 270 mesh.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of producing patterned and/or textured glass by applying a material onto at least a portion of a glass substrate, e.g., a float glass ribbon, at or above a softening point of the material and/or the glass substrate. The material is configured to affect the surface of the glass substrate to scatter light rays. An apparatus of the invention for forming patterned glass in a float glass process includes an applicator extensible into and out of a float bath chamber above a molten metal bath. A glass article of the invention includes a first surface and a second surface spaced from the first surface. The second surface includes a patterned portion configured to scatter light rays.

Abstract: A method for fabricating fused quartz crucibles is disclosed. Quartz sand is placed in a rotating fusion pot and takes on the shape of a bowl as a result of centrifugal forces. The quartz sand is heated to a temperature sufficient to melt and fuse the quartz sand together. A fast diffusing gas such as helium or hydrogen is passed through the quartz sand to displace residual gases present in voids defined by the quartz sand. The fast diffusing gas remains present in the voids. The resulting crucible has reduced bubble growth during use as well as reduced bubble count and bubble size at fusion.

Abstract: The application discloses a number of unique sintered quartz glass products together with new silica compositions and processes for making and using such products. Nitrided clear and opaque nitrided quartz products are disclosed having incredible physical properties resulting from the incorporation of very small, but effective, amounts (e.g., 25 ppm or more) of chemically bound nitrogen. Opaque quartz glass heat shields with remarkable resistance to transmission of infrared radiation are disclosed which can have a high bubble population density, such as 80 to 120 per mm2. These heat shields make possible remarkable improvement in the performance of tube furnaces and other reactors used in processing silicon wafers and other electronic components.

Abstract: SiO2—TiO2 glasses having a low coefficient of thermal expansion are produced by a molding being produced that consists of SiO2 powder, SiO2—TiO2 powder or TiO2 powder and that contains by way of secondary component a titanium-containing component which is converted into amorphous TiO2.

Abstract: The invention is used to manufacture an inhomogeneous medium whose porosity and permeability undergo rapid transitions from one point to another of its volume, by juxtaposing different materials without creating a barrier. Such a transition is made by juxtaposing a first material and a second material with a different porosity to the first. One of them can be a rock sample such as sandstone for example, the other can be a composite material obtained by agglomerating pyrex powder for example, the whole being heated according to a specific temperature cycle up to a temperature (TR) lower than the melting point of the two materials but sufficient to achieve partial melting of one of the materials at the interface with the other material, but without formation of a continuous or discontinuous capillary barrier between them, or an interzone with preferred passage for fluids. Thus, different composite materials can be juxtaposed to constitute the inhomogeneous medium.

Abstract: A number of unique processes are disclosed for manufacture of sintered high-purity quartz glass products in which a shaped silica body or preform is made from an aqueous slurry of micronized silica particles by gel casting, slip casting or electrophoretic deposition. The silica particles may comprise a major portion by weight of crystalline silica. In one embodiment of the invention the sintered quartz glass is transparent, substantially bubble-free and suitable for scientific or optical uses. In another embodiment the porous silica preform is fired in steam to increase the hydroxyl content and then nitrided in a nitrogen-hydrogen reducing atmosphere. A minute amount of chemically-combined nitrogen in the high-purity quartz glass is sufficient to provide a tremendous improvement in physical properties and an incredible increase in the resistance to devitrification.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for the preferably continuous manufacture of foamed material using a furnace are provided. A two-part mold mechanism is provided that includes an upper portion and a lower portion that are each endless loops and cooperate with one another to form a closed mold within the furnace. The upper and lower portions can each comprise a plurality of transverse mold members that can be easily replaced or exchanged during operation of the apparatus. A feed mechanism is provided for introducing material that is to be foamed to the mold mechanism upstream of the furnace. Scrapers or the like can be provided downstream of the furnace to aid in separating and supporting foamed material from the mold mechanism.

Abstract: Opaque quartz glass is provided which contains gas bubbles uniformly dispersed therein and is excellent in high-temperature viscosity and heat-insulating property. The opaque quartz glass has a defined apparent density, contains bubbles having a defined average bubble diameter in a defined amount, has a defined total bubble sectional area, generally exhibits a defined linear transmittance at a thickness of 1 mm or larger to projected light of a defined wavelength and contains nitrogen in a defined concentration. The opaque quartz glass is produced by a process comprising packing into a mold a powdery source material of powdery silica having a defined average particle diameter and powdery silicon nitride dispersed therein in a defined amount, heating the powdery source material to one of two first defined temperature ranges (both under vacuum) and further heating the source material up to a second temperature higher than the melting point and not higher than 1900.degree. C.

Abstract: A foamed glass article for preparing surfaces, the use therefor, and a method of making same are provided. The foamed glass article is in the form of a block, disk or similar product, and is used for preparing surfaces such as by sanding, rubbing and scraping the same to clean, abrade, polish, smooth, or the like such a surface. The foamed glass article is formed from a starting mixture that comprised glass, 0.10-20% by weight of at least one non-carbon/sulfate based foaming agent, and optionally an additional abrasive material. A mixture of powdered glass and non-carbon/sulfate based foaming agent can be placed in a mold and heated so that the mixture sinters and subsequently foams. Thereafter, the foamed mixture is annealed.

Abstract: A neutral pH foamed glass article is produced from a mixture of pulverized glass particles, foaming agent, binder, and water, wherein the glass article is heated to remove excess moisture and organic materals, then further heated to cause the foaming agent to emit a foaming gas, thereby causing foaming of the glass article. The foamed glass article is annealed in a controlled cooling fashion to avoid thermal stress, cracking and devitrification. The foamed glass articles may be used as artificial pumice stones in the stone-washed garment industry. Preferably, the mixture contains an amount of lignosulfonate to produce foamed glass having substantially neutral pH values in a range of from about 7.0 to 8.4.

Abstract: A foamed glass article for preparing surfaces, the use therefor, and a method of making same are provided. The foamed glass article is in the form of a block, disk or similar product, and is used for preparing surfaces such as by sanding, rubbing and scraping the same to clean, abrade, polish, smooth, or the like such a surface. The foamed glass article is formed from a starting mixture that comprised waste glass, 0.10-20% by weight of a non-sulfur based foaming agent, and optionally an additional abrasive material. A mixture of powdered waste glass and non-sulfur based foaming agent can be placed in a mold and heated so that the mixture sinters and subsequently foams. Thereafter, the foamed mixture is annealed.

Abstract: A process for producing opaque silica glass in which a quartz raw material grain having a particle size of 10 to 350 .mu.m is filled into a heat resistant mold, the quartz raw material grain is heated in a non-oxidizing atmosphere from a room temperature up to a temperature lower by 50.degree. to 150.degree. C. than a temperature at which the above raw material grain is melted at a temperature-increase speed not exceeding 50.degree. C./minute, then, slowly heated up to a temperature higher by 10.degree. to 80.degree. C. than the temperature at which the quartz raw material grain is melted at the speed of 10.degree. C./minute or less, and the heated quartz raw material grain is further maintained at the temperature higher by 10.degree. to 80.degree. C. than the temperature at which the quartz raw material grain is melted, followed by cooling down to the room temperature.

Abstract: A protective liner article for wet scrubbers and the like consists of a cellulated glass block of corrosion-resistant material, such as PENNGUARD.RTM. Block, a cellulated borosilicate glass, and a sheet of glassy, corrosion-resistant material which can be and preferably is corrosion-resistant glass such as 7740 Pyrex.RTM. bonded to a face of the block. The sheet is fused to the cellulated borosilicate glass block by applying radiant heat to an outer surface of the sheet while keeping the body of the block at a temperature below the degradation temperature of the block until the sheet bonds to the face of the block. Preferably, a finely-divided frit is applied to the surface to which the glass is bonded, filling interstices of the surface of the block, before the sheet is placed on the block.

Abstract: Described is a process for the manufacture of glass substrates with improved long-term stability at raised temperatures, in which process a glass substrate is provided with a coating, this coating being prepared from a composition, which was obtained through hydrolysis and condensation of a compound that was dissolved in a solvent and belonged to at least one element from the group Si, Al, Ti and Zr and/or a suitable precondensate, optionally in combination with compounds, which are soluble in the reaction medium, of at least one element from the group of alkali metals, alkali earth metals, and boron. After the coating composition is deposited, the coating obtained thus is heat treated. The process is characterized in that the coating is not completely compacted.

Abstract: A glass material is formed from SiO.sub.2, CaO, Na.sub.2 O and P.sub.2 O.sub.5 and the porous, non-crystalline structure is most preferably created by melting the constituents, cooling and pulverizing the resulting glass, and then forming and hot pressing the powder. The glass of the present invention may be formed to produce templates that are useful for various indications, as well as granules that may be formed into a paste.

Abstract: A method of obtaining glass materials from ash-slag. Waste wherein the waste is heated to a melting point temperature and melted in a reducing medium. The obtained melt is cooled by a thermal shock to form a foamed glass material. Prior to heating the charge, the carbon content therein is brought to 3.0-8.0 wt %, and the foamed glass material is foamed under a flow of a gaseous medium resulting form decomposition of carbides formed in the melt as a result of carbon content adjustment. Carbon addition also reduces iron oxide present in the waste, this reduction facilitating iron separation from the foamed material.

Abstract: The present invention provides hollow borosilicate microspheres having a mean particle size between 15 and 20 microns, and a true density below 0.25 g/cc. The invention also provides a method for making such microspheres comprising spray drying a solution of sodium silicate and sodium borate in a spray tower to form a precursor, milling the precursor, and heating the crushed precursor to a temperature in excess of 600.degree. F. to form hollow borosilicate microspheres.

Abstract: The mineral fiber forming apparatus having electrodes for heating heat softenable mineral material to form a molten mineral mass is disclosed. Organically-coated glass fiber scrap and cullet are supplied to the vessel providing the heat softenable mineral material. An impeller turbulently mixes the molten mineral mass dispersing batch into the molten mineral mass and converting water in the molten mineral bath to steam. Molten mineral material formed by the apparatus includes small seeds and gaseous occlusions. The molten mineral material is fed from an outlet port in the vessel to a rotary spinner which forms hollow mineral fibers having gaseous occlusions of between 1% and 10% by volume by centrifuging the molten mineral material through a rotary bushing.

Abstract: A foamed glass product and its manufacturer are disclosed. According to the present invention, crushed glass particles and a foaming agent, preferably selected from CaCO.sub.3 and CaSO.sub.4, are provided. The glass particles and foaming agent are mixed and heated to a desired foaming temperature for creating foamed glass. A nonreactive gas having desired insulative properties, preferably selected from SO.sub.2 and CO.sub.2 is provided to sweep air away from the mixture during heating.

Abstract: The invention discloses an improved structural glass composition and process for manufacture. In one embodiment in which the improved structural glass may be used in isolation, the glass comprises a foamed glass core which is manufactured by supplying a glass base through which a gas is infused, either by reaction or by entrapment. As the gas to glass ratio is increased to an optimum level, the quality of the foamed glass moves from a stiff homogeneous glass which is strong in compression, weak in compression and brittle, to a foamed glass which is strong in compression, weak in tension and ductile. In a second embodiment of the invention inorganic fibers supported by a glass matrix may be wrapped around the foamed glass core. This fibrous material is generally strong in tension and also ductile. The resultant combination is a glass structure which is both strong in compression and strong in tension and which is ductile.

Abstract: Processes and apparatus for the production of hollow microspheres by thermal expansion of glass particles including the thermal treatment of extremely small glass particles whose dimensions are less than 50 micrometers and, preferably, less than 35 micrometers or even 20 micrometers, which include a fluidizing agent. This technique makes possible the production of extremely small glass microspheres under satisfactory yield conditions. Also, the hollow microsphere products produced by these processes and apparatus.

Abstract: Low sodium hollow glass microspheres containing less than about 3 wt. % Na.sub.2 O are produced from aqueous precursors. The method comprisesa) forming an aqueous glass precursor solution or slurry by combining sources of cations contained in the glass, the solution or slurry comprising all of the glass cations in proportions substantially identical to those in the glass,b) forming the solution or slurry into droplets, andc) heating the droplets to form the microspheres.The precursor may also contain surfactants, blowing agents or other known expedients. Nonionic fluorocarbon surfactants are preferred.The droplets may be formed by spraying or any other known technique. The droplets may be spray dried prior to heating step c).

Abstract: Porous glass consisting essentially of silica, zirconia and an alkali metal compound, wherein the content of zirconia is at least 5% by weight and the content of the alkali metal compound is at least 2% by weight as calculated as M.sub.2 O wherein M is an alkali metal element, and the total pore volume (A) of pores having pore radii of from 20 to 10,000 .ANG. is at least 0.2 ml/g, and the proportion of the pore volume (B) of pores having pore radii of from 100 to 10,000 .ANG. to the total pore volume (A) of pores having pore radii of from 210 to 10,000 .ANG. is at least 80%.

Abstract: Small hollow glass spheres are prepared by adding a surfactant to a liquid glass precursor mixture. The surfactant-containing solution or dispersion can be formed into droplets which are directed into a heated zone and the product collected in a cooler zone. Alternately, the solution or dispersion may be spray-dried, and the spray-dried product is fed into the heated zone and collected in the cooler zone. Nonionic fluorocarbon surfactants are the preferred surfactants.

Abstract: Disclosed is a granular multi-cellular glass and a method for producing the same. An ordinary multi-cellular glass grain having relatively low moisture content ratio was prepared as starting material. The glass grain is then dipped in water or alkali solution for eluting or dealkali treatment. By the dipping, soluble alkali components are mainly eluted from a surface layer and cell walls of the glass grain. Thus produced multi-cellular glass grain provides increased moisture content ratio because of the formation of micropores at the layer and cell wall portions. Disclosed also are controls of physical properties of the multi-cellular glass grain for controlling specific gravity, pore volume and pore diameter thereof. By these controls, resultant glass grain is provided with desirable physical properties available for a microcarrier for immobilizing microbe therein.

Abstract: A process for producing porous glass, which comprises preparing a reaction solution containing a metal alkoxide or its oligomer and an organic polymer, hydrolyzing and polymerizing the metal alkoxide or its oligomer in the solution to obtain a gel, and calcining the gel to obtain porous glass, wherein the organic polymer has compatibility with the solution of the metal alkoxide or its oligomer, undergoes phase separation during the hydrolysis-polymerization step and is substantially free from formation of precipitates.

Abstract: A composite suitable for use as dental composite is provided by a glass material having a softening range of at least 10.degree. C. and having a particle size of less than 250 mesh to provide a precursor mix. The precursor mix is mixed with a fugitive pore forming material and a binder to form a pressable mix. The pressable mix is pressed at a pressure in excess of 5,000 pounds per square inch to form a sinterable mix. The sinterable mix is sintered for a period of time sufficient to remove said fugitive pore forming material and to form a sintered mass for crushing to form particles of less than 250 micrometers in size to be incorporated into a dental composite.

Abstract: Artificial pumice is produced which comprises cellular glass bodies devoid of glass crust and with rounded edges and points, and preferably having a density between about 0.2-2.0 grams per cubic centimeter and preferably having maximum size of between about 1-30 centimeters. These glass particles are relatively lightweight and are abrasive, which regular and regulatable density, mechanical strength, cell size, and an abrasivity. Particles of waste glass (e.g. of a size up to about 1 millimeter) or vitrifiable material, are mixed with a cellulating agent such as calcium carbonate. The mixture is heated, as by disposing it on an endless refractory belt which continuously passes through a kiln at a temperature of about 700.degree. C. or greater, to melt the particles, and to produce relatively small or large cellular glass bodies. The size of the large cellular glass bodies can be reduced to small bodies by sudden temperature change (e.g. quick cooling at a rate of between about 100.degree.-400.degree. C.

Abstract: Filter bodies are made by mixing borosilicate glass powder, potassium sulphate and 30% aqueous polyethylene glycol solution per kilogram of mixture. The mixture is filtered and dried and glass particles of a different size are mixed into the dried granulate. The resulting mixture is compressed at a pressure of 1000 bar to form blanks and sintered at about 860.degree. C. After cooling, the potassium sulphate is washed out of the blanks.

Abstract: Production of microspheres having a very high silica content produced from a starting glass whose silica content is less than 80% by weight, with the remainder being essentially made up of boron oxide and one or more alkaline oxide(s). This starting glass is reduced into fine particles by grinding, optionally mixed with a fluidizing agent, and then passed through the flame of a burner at a temperature at least equal to 1500.degree. C. to form molten hollow microspheres which are suddenly cooled to form solid hollow microspheres. The microspheres produced thereby are recovered and contacted with a dealkalization agent to increase the silica content thereof to at least 92%.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing open porous sintered bodies with large open pore volume and defined pore diameters and which at least predominantly consist of glass-ceramics. They are obtained by sintering a mixture of sinterable powder and an inorganic soluble salt with defined grade of grain, the melting point of which is above the densification temperature of the sinterable powder. For the formation of a molded body the mixture of sinterable powder and inorganic salt is submitted to a molding process. The molded body is sintered in a sintering process and the soluble salt being contained in the molded body is lixiviated. As a main constituent the sinterable powder contains a pulverized crystallizable glass powder.

Abstract: A porous water soluble glass body is formed by sintering powdered glass, compacted to a predetermined density, at a temperature near the glass softening temperature (T.sub.s). The porous body may be impregnated with an organic material for subsequent release at a rate determined by the glass solubility.

Abstract: A composition and process for producing a foamed glass molded product, the process employing a composition which is a mixture of one part by weight of a finely ground glass containing more than 25 weight % alkali metal oxide; from 21 to 400 parts by weight of a finely ground glass containing less than 16 weight % alkali metal oxide; water present in a water to solids weight ratio ranging from 1:1.4 to 1:3.0; and a foaming agent. The combined ingredients are heated to release gasses from the foaming agent and thereby foam the glass. The foamed glass moldings may be granules or cast shapes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel crystalline massive aluminosilicate with an expanded structure and to its process of manufacture. The particular structure is a closed cell structure containing nitrogen. It is obtained by: grinding industrial glass; adding aluminum based nitride in the proportion of 0.1 to 20% by weight with respect to the weight of the ground industrial glass; mixing the ground glass and so-added nitride; oxidizing the nitride within said mixture by heating to a temperature of 800.degree. to 1000.degree. C. for about 1 hour, and cooling and recovering the expanded crystalline aluminosilicate. The material has multiple applications in the building industry and in the construction of furnaces, in the manufacture of fireproof walls and doors, and in naval construction, with various advantages over prior art materials.

Abstract: Processes and apparatus for the production of hollow microspheres by thermal expansion of glass particles including the thermal treatment of extremely small glass particles whose dimensions are less than 50 micrometers and, preferably, less than 35 micrometers or even 20 micrometers, which include a fluidizing agent. This technique makes possible the production of extremely small glass microspheres under satisfactory yield conditions. Also, the hollow microsphere products produced by these processes and apparatus.

Abstract: Sintered particles of pulverulant glass and cellulating agent are coated with a parting agent and introduced into a fluidizing vessel. Gas is passed upwardly through the fluidizing vessel at a velocity sufficient to form a fluidized bed of these sintered particles within the fluidizing vessel. The gas and fluidized bed of sintered particles are heated within the fluidizing vessel to a cellulation temperature of the sintered particles to cause the sintered particles within the fluidized bed to form discrete cellular glass nodules of uniform size. The cellular glass nodules formed within the fluidized bed of sintered particles, having a density less than the density of the sintered particles, migrate to the top of the fluidized bed to float on the top surface of the fluidized bed. The discrete cellular glass nodules floating on the top surface of the fluidized bed are withdrawn from the fluidizing vessel.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for the preparation of a glass based cellular mineral and also the manufacture of various articles from this material.The process is characterized in that a mixture consisting of 100 parts by weight of ground glass and 0.2 to 2 parts by weight of calcium and magnesium carbonates in a ratio of CaCO.sub.3 /MgCO.sub.3, is used, this mixture being placed into open refractory vessels, the rims of which have a minimum height of 15 cm and which are filled with said mixture to a minimum height of 6 to 12 cm and placed into a furnace with an appropriately regulated heating program.Application in the manufacture of articles based on cellular glass, the structure of which makes possible attachment to or combination with a great variety of materials.

Abstract: A method for making uniform spherical shells. The present invention allows niform hollow spheres to be made by first making a void in a body of material. The material is heated so that the viscosity is sufficiently low so that the surface tension will transform the void into a bubble. The bubble is allowed to rise in the body until it is spherical. The excess material is removed from around the void to form a spherical shell with a uniform outside diameter.

Abstract: A method for producing glass bubbles, which comprises heating a glass powder containing a gas-blowing agent in an atmosphere containing steam having a partial steam pressure of at least 0.2 atmosphere to foam it.

Abstract: A system is described for forming accurately spherical and centered fluid-filled shells, especially of high melting temperature material. Material which is to form the shells is placed in a solid form in a container, and the material is rapidly heated to a molten temperature to avoid recrystallization and the possible generation of unwanted microbubbles in the melt. Immediately after the molten shells are formed, they drop through a drop tower whose upper end is heated along a distance of at least one foot to provide time for dissipation of surface waves on the shells while they cool to a highly viscous, or just above melting temperature so that the bubble within the shell will not rise and become off centered. The rest of the tower is cryogenically cooled to cool the shell to a solid state.

Abstract: A method of consolidating fine pores of a porous glass by impregnating the fine pores with an energy decomposable compound exemplified by SiH.sub.4. Energy is applied to the decomposable compound thereby forming active species which bond with each other and the functional groups on the surface of the fine pores three-dimensionally to thus form a glass network structure in the pores.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and apparatus for producing hollow glass microspheres. According to embodiments of the invention, particles of a soda-lime-silica glass containing slight amounts of sulfur compounds are suspended in a gaseous current and expanded in a burner, at a treatment temperature at least 100.degree. C. above the working temperature at which the specific type of glass constituting the treated particles is made from its raw materials, such as sand, lime, sodium carbonate, sodium sulfate, and others, depending on the particular type of glass. The process makes it possible to increase the yield of the transformation of the particles.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for spheridizing irregularly shaped minute particles, and the spheres produced thereby, in which a thin carbonaceous coating is applied to the particles in a unique manner, and in a preferred embodiment the particles are then advanced through successive fluidizing beds. The first bed has an inert atmosphere and is maintained at an elevated temperature sufficiently high to allow surface tension to shape the particles into spherical form while in a fluidized condition in the first bed. The spherical particles are then advanced through successive additional beds where they are cooled to an intermediate temperature sufficient to solidify the particles, are subjected to an oxidizing atmosphere which completely removes the coating, and are then further cooled while being maintained in a fluidized condition. The inert gaseous atmosphere within the first bed is continuously withdrawn and recycled through the system.

Abstract: The invention comprises a solid material that is an electrical conductor in a single direction which comprises an amorphous glass matrix containing a plurality of microscopically thin metal filaments, all of which are oriented in the direction of conductivity and extend to or near the surfaces of the solid material. This directionally conducting material is produced by subjecting a metastable glass supersaturated with metal to directed ionic radiation. On irradiation parallel microscopic holes or pores are formed which become filled with molten metal during tempering, which cool to form metallic dipole filaments. The thickness of the material and the angle of irradiation may be selected to produce dipole filaments of lengths appropriate to act as antennas for electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths from about 0.1 micron to about 1 mm. The direction of conductivity, i.e.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method by which a composition which will provide a foamed phosphate ceramic material is cast upon a support surface comprising regions having a substantially smooth character, being of relatively low surface energy, and having the ability to release from the cured phosphate material. In those regions where the smooth coating contacts the phosphate open cells will result, whereas in other regions closed cells will result. One preferred substrate against which the phosphate material can be cast is a wax material.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of porous sintered bodies with large open pore volume and defined pore diameter. A sinterable material in the form of finely ground powder is mixed with a leachable substance. The leachable substance is in the form of powder of a defined particle size. The mixture of sinterable material and leachable substance is heated to the sintering temperature and maintained there until the sinterable mass is sintered. The mass is then cooled and the leachable substance leached from the sintered mass.