Abstract: A wireless fire alarm notification system uses wireless repeater devices to annunciate an alarm to slave devices from the control panel. A notification device provides a local synchronization signal via wire to a secondary notification device. A method enables the activation or deactivation of child device without the child device having to query their parent repeater. A circuit to test the integrity of an active battery charger, a battery, and an isolation circuit is also shown. A method for qualifying that an RF signal meets a specified minimum acceptable level is described. A method for wirelessly sending events to avoid RF link overload is provided. A programming checksum method confirms that an annunciator has latest programming information. A method to automatically process messages from new devices without having to hardcode repeaters to support these new devices is also described.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for determining blood sugar based on heterogeneous spectrums are provided. The blood sugar model generation apparatus includes a data obtainer configured to obtain blood sugar profile data of a user based on a first type spectrum-blood sugar profile relationship model, a second type spectrum measurer configured to measure training second type spectrum data for the skin of the user, and a processor configured to generate an individualized blood sugar model based on the obtained blood sugar profile data and the measured training second type spectrum data.

Abstract: At least one stable isotope reagent is added to each biological sample and standard sample to prepare biological samples for analysis and standard sample for analysis. The quality of the biological samples is evaluated using data of one set of biological samples for analysis composed of a plurality of biological samples for analysis. Besides, the quality of a pretreatment and/or analysis of each set of samples for analysis is evaluated using data obtained by analyzing the standard sample for analysis before and after an analysis of one set of samples for analysis. An abnormality in a chromatograph or mass analyzer used for the analysis of one set of samples is evaluated by the data obtained by analyzing a sample for device evaluation before and after the analysis of one set of samples for analysis. Thus, the quality of data obtained by chromatographic mass spectrometry on biological samples is comprehensively evaluated.

Abstract: A program creation apparatus includes a device information item acquisition unit that obtains data that vary in value in accordance with operating condition of a control program executed by an industrial controller, an operating condition display unit that displays the operating condition of the control program on the basis of the data, and a display format definition information item retaining unit that retains, for data obtained by the device information item acquisition unit, a display format definition information item used when the operating condition display unit displays the operating condition.

Abstract: A method for operating a laboratory system comprising instruments for processing samples and a control unit connected by a communication network is presented. The method comprises receiving and identifying a biological sample and retrieving an order list from a database. The list comprises a plurality of targets defining one or more processing steps to be carried out on the biological sample by one or more of the laboratory instruments. The method also comprises selecting a workflow strategy and retrieving workflow acceptance criterion corresponding to the workflow strategy. The control unit determines a sample workflow for processing the sample based on the workflow strategy and determines whether the sample workflow satisfies the workflow acceptance criterion. If the sample workflow does not satisfy the workflow acceptance criterion, workflow strategy and the workflow acceptance criterion is refined and the sample workflow is determined again until it satisfies the workflow acceptance criterion.

Abstract: A control device for automatic analysis including a unit which stores an analysis parameter file in which setting values of multiple setting items related to analytical equipment control are specified; a unit which describes at least identification information for the sample to be analyzed and the analytical parameters file to be used for analysis, for multiple analyses to be executed in the analysis device, and generates an analysis schedule table which describes setting values relating to one or more of the multiple setting items contained in the analytical parameters file for each analysis; and a control unit which controls the operation of the analytical equipment according to the analysis schedule table. The control unit is made such that the setting values specified in the analysis schedule table are applied preferentially for setting items for which the setting value is described in both the analytical parameter file and analysis schedule table.

Abstract: A flexible, body-mountable analyte sensing device includes a flexible substrate configured for mounting to skin of a living body. The sensing device additionally includes a sensor probe attached to the flexible substrate and configured to penetrate the skin such that a sensor disposed on the end of the sensor probe can be exposed to an analyte in interstitial fluid. The sensor could be an electrochemical sensor that includes two or more electrodes disposed at the end of the sensor probe and configured to electrochemically detect the analyte. The sensing device is configured to display detected concentrations or other information about the analyte in the interstitial fluid. The flexible substrate of the sensing device is configured to be adhered or otherwise mounted to the skin in a manner that minimally impacts activities of the living body.

Abstract: For the monitoring of an oil situated in a tank 19, it is provided that an oil measurement device 1 be equipped with a rigid or flexible probe 2 such that, by the use of a pump 5 integrated in the oil measurement device 1, oil can be delivered out of the tank 19 via an inlet opening 3 at the proximal end of the probe 2 into a measurement chamber 4, which is connected to the probe, of the oil measurement device 1. Here, the oil measurement device 1 has a measurement sensor for determining the quality of oil situated in the measurement chamber 4, and the pump 5, in conjunction with the probe 2, is configured such that oil can be returned from the measurement chamber 4 to the inlet opening 3 and thus to the tank 19.

Abstract: Example systems and methods to visualize and manage medical device operations and troubleshooting are provided. Interface information from a plurality of medical devices is used to generate a visualization of the interface information from the one or more of the plurality of medical devices. Each medical device interface is represented by a miniature representation of the interface in the visualization. Each miniature representation is to convey information shown on the interface of the medical device. The visualization is provided to a user via a user interface at a remote control computer. The user interface is to facilitate user selection of a miniature representation to trigger display of a larger representation of the selected medical device interface information via the user interface.

Abstract: Fragmented user engagement stacks are generated from users that use multiple devices to view messages. The fragmented user engagement stacks include a universal unique identifier (UUID). A computer platform stores cross-device mapping information, derived from a shared characteristic between two or more devices, that associates the UUIDs of multiple devices to a single user. The computer platform processes the cross-device mapping data to identify the UUIDs from different devices associated with a single user and to join touchpoint encounters from the single user to generate at least one cross-device user engagement stack. The computer platform uses the cross-device user engagement stack and the response data to determine attribution as a measure of influence attributed to touchpoint encounters from a single user.

Abstract: Predicting human olfactory perception based on molecular structure is described. Molecular descriptor data indicative of molecular descriptors associated with a group of molecular samples can be obtained. Olfactory perception indicator (OPI) data for a set of OPIs can also be obtained with respect to the molecular samples. A training model can be executed on the molecular descriptor data and the OPI data to yield an output model that correlates molecular attributes with OPIs for a single individual or across an aggregate of individuals. The output model can be used to predict olfactory perception for a particular compound or mixture based on which OPIs are correlated with molecular descriptors of the compound or mixture in the output model. The output model can also be inverted and used to identify molecular descriptors that are correlated with a desired set of OPIs. A molecular construct having the molecular descriptors can then be generated.

Abstract: A method and a system for analyzing a plurality of process factors affecting the trend of a continuous process are provided. The method includes the following steps: A plurality of similar time periods are selected from a time series. The trend of the continuous process in each of the similar time periods is similar to the trend of the continuous process in a current time period. A contribution of each of the process factors corresponding a monitoring target is analyzed according to the process factor values in the similar time periods and a plurality of monitor target values of the monitoring target. Part of the process factors are picked out according to the contributions.

Abstract: A system and a method for determining one or more distillation temperatures for one or more given distillation weight percentages of a crude oil sample are provided, which can be used to produce a simulated distillation curve. Simulated distillation temperatures of crude oil samples are assigned as a function of density and data derived from direct near infrared spectroscopy measurement of the crude oil samples.

Abstract: A method and system is provided for mass spectrometry for identification of a specific elemental formula for an unknown compound which includes but is not limited to a metabolite. The method includes calculating a natural abundance probability (NAP) of a given isotopologue for isotopes of non-labelling elements of an unknown compound. Molecular fragments for a subset of isotopes identified using the NAP are created and sorted into a requisite cache data structure to be subsequently searched. Peaks from raw spectrum data from mass spectrometry for an unknown compound. Sample-specific peaks of the unknown compound from various spectral artifacts in ultra-high resolution Fourier transform mass spectra are separated. A set of possible isotope-resolved molecular formula (IMF) are created by iteratively searching the molecular fragment caches and combining with additional isotopes and then statistically filtering the results based on NAP and mass-to-charge (m/2) matching probabilities.

Abstract: A method for estimating a chemical composition of hydrocarbons of interest includes: performing a measurement for each physical property of a plurality of physical properties of the hydrocarbons of interest using a sensor to provide a value for each different physical property being measured; and estimating the chemical composition of the hydrocarbons of interest by using a correlation prediction function for each chemical component in the chemical composition in terms of the different physical properties being measured.

Abstract: Provided are a method of and an apparatus for formulating a multicomponent drug capable of surely making a multicomponent drug meeting criteria for productization with high accuracy into a product. The method and apparatus obtain a chromatogram from an extract or a base of a multicomponent drug, evaluate whether the base meets the criteria for productization based on the obtained chromatogram with high accuracy, and subject the base determined in the high-accuracy evaluating as an accepted one meeting the criteria to dosage form processing, to produce a formulated drug having a given dosage-form. The high-accuracy evaluating is realized by selecting with high accuracy one of reference fingerprints to which peaks of a target fingerprint prepared from the chromatogram are assigned.

Abstract: A method for quantifying a glucose concentration is a method for quantifying a glucose concentration in which near-infrared light is emitted onto a living organism and a glucose concentration in a biological tissue is measured using a signal obtained by receiving diffusely reflected light or transmitted light from the biological tissue. A concentration calculation step calculates a concentration index of a glucose component by using at least a spectrum of a water component, a spectrum of a glucose component, and a spectrum of a fat component to synthesize a difference spectrum between a measurement spectrum at a time of measurement of a glucose concentration and a spectrum serving as a reference obtained previous to the measurement spectrum. A glucose concentration calculation step calculates a glucose concentration in the living organism using the calculated concentration index.

Abstract: A photodetector selection apparatus and method and a scattering coefficient measurement apparatus and method are provided. The photodetector selection apparatus for measuring a scattering coefficient may include: a light source configured to emit light to a subject; a photodetector array configured to detect the light that is reflected or scattered from the subject and measure a light intensity of the detected light; and a processor configured to select at least one photodetector from a plurality of photodetectors of the photodetector array, based on a change in the measured light intensity of each of the plurality of photodetectors according to a change in a scattering coefficient of the subject, and determine the scattering coefficient of the subject based on the light intensity that is measured by the selected at least one photodetector.

Abstract: Systems and methods of making a diagnostic test strip, the method including marking a machine-readable pattern onto the diagnostic test strip which contains information that allows a meter designed to work with the test strip to convert raw signal data from the diagnostic test strip into a meaningful concentration value for an analyte of interest. The method further includes printing the machine-readable pattern having a modified based code that is different from a base code of the diagnostic test strip being produced, wherein the modified based code is based on a strip geometry parameter, a chemistry parameter or both the strip geometry and chemistry parameters that are measured for the diagnostic test strip.

Abstract: The EM algorithm for a Gaussian mixture model is applied to the separation of peaks that overlap one another on a chromatogram. However, the number of overlapping components is unknown. Thus, a suitable number of models is set, and the fitting of model parameters is performed while an actually measured signal is appropriately divided for each model by the EM algorithm. Then, when a solution converges, a determination is made as to whether a peak-like waveform is present in a residue signal that is not divided. When the peak-like waveform is present, a peak model is added. The EM algorithm is executed again. In the M step, optimization is performed using, not only a simple Gaussian function, but also a modified Gaussian function assuming a tailing. In the M step, the estimation of a spectrum assuming a chromatogram and the estimation of a chromatogram assuming a spectrum are repeatedly performed.

Abstract: A plasma processing apparatus, plasma processing method, and plasma processing analysis method in which a suitable combination of wavelength, time interval, and etching condition parameter for control to change etching conditions is determined among wavelengths, time intervals, and changeable parameters for spectroscopic measurement data in order to ensure stable etching conditions. Specifically, a regression equation which represents the correlation between emission intensity and etching result at a wavelength and a time interval is obtained for each of two or more combinations of wavelength, time interval, and etching condition parameter. Furthermore, for each of the combinations, the amount of change is calculated from the regression equation when the value set for the etching condition parameter is changed.

Abstract: A system is provided to automatically monitor and control the operation of a microfluidic device using machine learning technology. The system receives images of a channel of a microfluidic device collected by a camera during operation of the microfluidic device. Upon receiving an image, the system applies a classifier to the image to classify the operation of the microfluidic device as normal, in which no adjustment to the operation is needed, or as abnormal, in which an adjustment to the operation is needed. When an image is classified as normal, the system may make no adjustment to the microfluidic device. If, however, an image is classified as abnormal, the system may output an indication that the operation is abnormal, output an indication of a needed adjustment, or control the microfluidic device to make the needed adjustment.

Abstract: An electronic sensing unit is used to receive an odorant sample and generate an electronic signature characterizing the sample received therein via a guiding unit that guides a first portion of the sample into an electronic sampling unit and a second portion of the sample towards an outlet. A control unit is used to receive data indicative of the signature generated by the sensing unit and data from user(s) indicative of olfactive descriptors characterizing the sample to which the users are exposed, thereby enabling creation of a data record including first and second characterizing data corresponding to the same sample. The database includes such data records, each being associated with a specific odorant sample, which may then be used to characterise, formulate, and/or create, a desired scent based on comparison of an electric signature generated for the scent and data records which signatures comply with some best compliance criterion.

Abstract: Techniques that facilitate matrix factorization associated with graphics processing units are provided. In one example, a system includes a first graphics processing unit, a second graphics processing unit and a central processing unit. The first graphics processing unit processes a first data block of a data matrix associated with a matrix factorization system to generate first information for the matrix factorization system. The second graphics processing unit processes a first portion of a second data block of the data matrix separate from a second portion of the second data block to generate second information for the matrix factorization system. The central processing unit processes a machine learning model for the matrix factorization system based on at least the first information provided by the first graphics processing unit and the second information provided by the second graphics processing unit.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides thermal interface materials that are useful in transferring heat from heat generating electronic devices, such as computer chips, to heat dissipating structures, such as heat spreaders and heat sinks. The thermal interface material also includes a coloring agent selected from the group consisting of: an iron based inorganic pigment; and an organic pigment.

Abstract: There is provided a blood coagulation system analyzer, including a measurement section and an analysis section. The measurement section measures a time change of impedance of a blood sample, which is obtainable by applying an alternating electric field to the blood sample. The analysis section extracts a parameter indicating the characteristics of the impedance from the measured data of the time change of the impedance. Furthermore, the analysis section analyzes a degree of enhancement of blood coagulation on the basis of a comparison of the extracted parameter with at least one reference value which defines the criteria of the enhancement of blood coagulation.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a data difference-driven self-learning dynamic batch process optimization method including the following steps: collect production process data off line; eliminate singular batches through PCA operation; construct time interval and index variance matrices to carry out PLS operation to generate initial optimization strategies; collect data of new batches; run a recursive algorithm; and update the optimization strategy. The present invention utilizes a perturbation method to establish initial optimization strategies for an optimized variable setting curve. On this basis, self-learning iterative updating is carried out for mean values and standard differences on the basis of differences in data statistics, so that the continuous improvement of optimized indexes is realized, and thereby a new method is provided for batch process optimization strategies for solving actual industrial problems.

Abstract: A method for robot interaction, preferably including: receiving a user input, determining a robot-associated response based on the user input, and presenting the robot-associated response. A system, preferably including: a robot, a conversation client, and a response module.

Abstract: A direct neural interface system comprises: a signal acquisition subsystem for acquiring electrophysiological signals representative of neuronal activity of a subject's brain; and a processing unit for representing electrophysiological signals acquired over an observation time window in the form of a N-way data tensor, N being greater than or equal to two, and generating command signals for a machine by applying a regression model over the data tensor; wherein the processing unit is configured or programmed for generating command signals for a machine by applying Generalized Linear regression, with a nonlinear link function, over the data tensor. A method of interfacing a subject's brain to a machine by using such a direct neural interface system is provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for examining samples (1) in a liquid (5), comprising a movable shaft (2), to which the sample (1) is fastened, and a cuvette (4), wherein the device further comprises a bath (3), which surrounds the movable shaft (2), and wherein the bath (3) is fillable with the liquid (5), the movable shaft (2) is configured to receive the sample (1) at the upper side (24) thereof, the movable shaft (2) reaches into the cuvette (4) from below, wherein said cuvette is open at least toward the bottom and configured to be immersed into the liquid (5) in the bath (3) with the underside thereof, and, moreover, means are provided to generate a pressure difference between the interior of the cuvette (4) and the region outside of the cuvette (4) such that the fill level (21) of the liquid (5) in the cuvette (4) is adjustable. Moreover, the invention relates to a method for examining samples (1) in a liquid (5).

Abstract: A method and system for monitoring the quality of fluids, wherein comprising the different features of a fluid with at least two different methods are measured and a measure for the quality of the fluid is derived and/or a process of the fluid deterioration is identified by comparing the results of the measurements of the at least two different methods, where the methods includes at least one optical absorption measurement and at least one electron paramagnetic resonance measurement.

Abstract: A method includes decomposing a training set to obtain a principal component matrix having a plurality of principal component vectors. The method also includes variably rejecting portions of a sample spectrum vector that do not correspond to a selected one of the plurality of principal component vectors by incrementally providing a coefficient indicative of the weighting of the selected principal component vector for selected sub-regions. A corrected spectrum vector can be obtained by excluding certain sub-regions of the sample spectrum vector and corresponding principal component vector, multiplying the sample spectrum vector with the principal component matrix for non-excluded sub-regions, providing a predicted interference vector, and subtracting the predicted interference vector from the sample spectrum vector.

Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to systems and methods for spectral demixing. An example technique includes obtaining empirical spectroscopic data representing a plurality of frequencies of electromagnetic energy that has interacted with a specimen, accessing a computer readable representation of a hierarchal spectral cluster tree representing a spectral library, demixing, with data on each of a plurality of levels of the hierarchal spectral cluster tree, foveated spectroscopic data derived from the empirical spectroscopic data, identifying at least one node in the hierarchal spectral cluster tree as corresponding to the empirical spectroscopic data, and outputting an endmember abundance assessment of the specimen corresponding to at least the at least one node.

Abstract: A measuring arrangement and a measuring device having a sensor device, a processing device, a storage device, an interface and a control device that allows for a simplified testing of the functionality of the measuring device is achieved in that the control device retrieves externally provided data via the interface and performs a test of the measuring device. The test thereby involves the control device determining a reference value from the externally provided data, comparing the reference value to a measured value generated by the processing device and generating a comparison result based thereupon. Alternatively, the test involves the control device using the externally provided data for the generation of new calculation data to be stored in the storage device and storing the new calculation data in the storage device.

Abstract: According to the invention for a deep-frying device (2) including a stationary deep-frying oil sensor (5) which immerses into deep-frying oil (4) of a deep-frying oil basin (3), in order to monitor the stationary deep-frying oil sensor (5), a receiving unit (17) having a receiving data interface (8) is provided, via which interface a reference value obtained beforehand by a portable deep-frying oil measuring device (14), the portable deep-frying oil sensor (15) of which is immersed into the deep-frying oil (4) in the deep-frying oil basin (3) for measuring, can be transmitted in order to adapt a characteristic curve stored in the stationary evaluation unit (6) of the deep-frying device (2) such that the stationary evaluation unit (6) calculates a value for an evaluation variable for characterizing the deep-frying oil (4), this value being consistent with the reference value of the portable deep-frying oil measuring device (14).

Abstract: The present invention provides deterioration analysis method which allows a detailed analysis of deterioration, especially deterioration of surface conditions, of a polymer material. The present invention relates to a deterioration analysis method, including irradiating a polymer material with high intensity X-rays, and measuring X-ray absorption while varying the energy of the X-rays, to analyze deterioration of the polymer.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for detecting host cell contaminants in a protein biotherapeutic product using sequential windowed acquisition tandem mass spectrometry. Sequential windowed acquisition is performed on a protein biotherapeutic product sample by sequentially stepping a precursor mass window across a mass range, fragmenting transmitted precursor ions of each stepped precursor mass window, and analyzing product ions produced from the fragmented transmitted precursor ions. The sequential windowed acquisition is performed without any information about contaminating proteins before data acquisition, and produces data for every product ion of every transmitted precursor ion for the mass range. One or more measured product ion spectra are received, and compared to a library of host cell proteins. One or more host cell contaminants are detected by reporting host cell proteins from the library that match the one or more measured product ion spectra.

Abstract: A system and a method for calculating the cetane number, pour point, cloud point and aniline point of gas oil fractions of a crude oil sample from the density and gas chromatographic simulated distribution of the sample.

Abstract: A mass spectrometer comprises: an ion source that generates ions having an initial range of mass-to-charge ratios; an auxiliary ion detector, downstream from the ion source that receives a plurality of first ion samples derived from the ions generated by the ion source and determines a respective ion current measurement for each of the plurality of first ion samples; a mass analyzer, downstream from the ion source that receives a second ion sample derived from the ions generated by the ion source and to generate mass spectral data by mass analysis of the second ion sample; and an output stage that establishes an abundance measurement associated with at least some of the ions generated by the ion source based on the ion current measurements determined by the auxiliary ion detector.

Abstract: A connected health care system is provided with various devices for tracking and monitoring health statistics and behaviors including oral health, fitness, heart health, bone health, salivary diagnostics, diabetes, and further options that will be explored in the subsequent sections. The connected health care system is comprised of various devices, a data transfer medium (i.e. “smartphone”), and the Cloud, which allows for data transfer between multiple platforms and devices. Some devices comprised in the connected health care system include a toothbrush, a connected surface with sensors, a salivary diagnostic system, a breath analysis system, and further devices that will be explored in the subsequent sections. The connected health care system further provides a user identification system utilizing capacitive coupling of the human body between devices.

Abstract: A method of assessing chemical products includes: receiving input data including identification of a chemical substance at a processing device; evaluating a regulatory impact of the chemical substance based on at least one of global regulation data, regional regulation data and jurisdiction-specific regulation data, and outputting a regulatory impact assessment; evaluating potential hazards posed by the chemical substance based on available data related to characteristics of the chemical substance, and outputting a chemical hazard assessment; and generating a chemical assessment report indicating potential impact due to use of the chemical substance, the chemical assessment report indicating chemical assessment results that include the regulatory impact assessment and the chemical hazard assessment.

Abstract: The present invention provides for a simultaneous graphical representation, a risk of bleeding and a risk of thrombosis providing a visualized bridge therapy process. Furthermore, the present invention provides for a computer-based prediction of the haemostatic situation of the examined blood circulation by using a combination of a biochemical model and a pharmacokinetic model for calculation or another mathematical representation of the blood circulation.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods of processing large-scale data regarding an electrical power grid are described. According to one aspect, a method of processing large-scale data regarding an electrical power grid includes accessing a large-scale data set comprising information regarding an electrical power grid; processing data of the large-scale data set to identify a filter which is configured to remove erroneous data from the large-scale data set; using the filter, removing erroneous data from the large-scale data set; and after the removing, processing data of the large-scale data set to identify an event detector which is configured to identify events of interest in the large-scale data set.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and system for constructing a database for a product demand/supply connection network of a technology market connection and analysis apparatus comprising a microprocessor for controlling the construction of a database for implementing a product demand/supply connection network, and further comprising the database for a product demand/supply connection network, in which information relating to the database generated in accordance with the control of the microprocessor is stored.

Abstract: A process for the automated classification and analysis of raw data includes the selection and use of a method suitable for analyzing the physical and chemical properties of materials such as chemical compounds. The results can then be used to optimize a process of interest, such as a chemical process. The chemical process may include a chemical reaction or a purification process including chemical and physical steps.

Abstract: A method, non-transitory computer readable medium, and apparatus for applying a cost function to calculate an optimal value of a single variable for a calibration application are disclosed. For example, the method identifies the single variable of the calibration application, applies a cost function to the single variable, wherein the cost function comprises a function of a fit error plus a regularization weighting parameter (?) times a regularization cost, calculates the optimal value of the single variable based upon the cost function that is applied to the single variable and uses the optimal value of the single variable to generate a calibration matrix used for the calibration application.

Abstract: Methods or systems for identifying seismic or acoustic signals of interest originating with moving motorized vehicles or footstep movement or stationary or moving machinery. A related system for monitoring an area includes a plurality of sensing devices each comprising a frame and a piezo-electric sensor element. A monitoring device is coupled to receive information from each of the sensing devices. One method includes providing a processing chain coupled to receive signal data from a sensor device which receives the signals, including a detection stage, a Joint Time Frequency (JTF) domain stage, and a classification stage. The detection stage identifies presence of signals that emerge from the background. The JTF domain stage estimates the state of the signals of interest over time. The classification stage assesses the previously derived information to form a decision about source identity. In one embodiment, the detector stage performs detections on a single cycle basis.

Abstract: One embodiment of a method for solving an input satisfiability instance includes searching a database for a stored satisfiability instance that matches the input satisfiability instance and outputting a solution to the input satisfiability instance. One embodiment of method for converting an input satisfiability instance into a standardized representation includes applying a plurality of syntactical simplification rules to the input satisfiability instance until no conditions of any of the plurality of syntactical simplification rules can be met, thereby producing a simplified instance, uniformly replacing each variable in the simplified instance with a unique, consecutively chosen even number, annotating each literal in the simplified instance to indicate whether the each literal is positive or negative, ordering all literals in the simplified instance, and ordering all clauses in the simplified instance to produce the standardized representation.

Abstract: A system and method for analyzing unknown materials on surfaces including, but not limited to, chemical materials, biological materials, hazardous materials, drug materials, and non-threat materials using SWIR and/or extended range SWIR hyperspectral and spectroscopic techniques. A system comprising a collection optics, a tunable filter, and a first detector for generating a test data set representative of the unknown sample. A second detector, comprising a visible imaging device, may be configured to operate in a scanning mode to locate areas of interest for further interrogation using SWIR. A method comprising generating a SWIR test data set representative of the unknown sample and analyzing the unknown sample to detect, identify and/or distinguish an unknown material as a known material. This analysis may be achieved by comparing the test data set to a reference data set using at least one chemometric technique.

Abstract: A CNF formula comprises at least one template clause representing a set of concrete clauses, each associated with a different temporal shift. The template clause is utilized by a SAT solver in determining satisfiability of the CNF formula. The template clause may be utilized to reduce amount of storage resources required for performing the satisfiability analysis. The template clause may in some cases increase feasibility of determining satisfiability. The template clause may in some cases reduce required time to determine satisfiability. The template clause may be utilized in incremental SAT solving to reuse deduced relations between literals that are applicable to additional cycles, such as invariants originating from a transition relation of a model.