Abstract: There is described a method for determining the torque applied to a pedal axle (210) under load. The method comprises measuring the strain experienced by the pedal axle (210) as a result of the load, determining the orientation of the load from the strain measurement, determining the magnitude of the load from the strain measurement and determining torque from the orientation and the magnitude. There is also described a method for determining the orientation of a pedal axle (210) under load. The method comprises measuring the strain experienced by the pedal axle (210) as a result of the load and determining the orientation of the load from the strain measurement.

Abstract: Method for evaluating an asymmetric residual stress for a material by the indentation test comprises applying the residual stresses with an uniaxial and an symmetrical biaxial tensions on the material and then performing an instrumented indentation test indenting an asymmetric indenter on the material; and comparing a slope of indentation load-depth curve when the long diagonal direction of the asymmetric indenter is perpendicular to the direction of the largest residual stress with that in stress-free state, and then a slope of indentation load-depth curve when the long diagonal direction of the asymmetric indenter is parallel to the direction of the largest residual stress with that in stress-free state, so as to evaluate the asymmetric residual stress for the material.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for measuring and determining the force, the torque and the power on a crank, in particular the pedal crank of a bicycle, comprising an evaluation device, in particular a bicycle computer, and at least one pedal, wherein the force and angular speed variables are converted into electrical signals and supplied to the evaluation device, the pedal comprises a pedal body, a deformation element, a pedal shaft and an angle transmitter, and wherein the force variable is determined by measuring the deformation of the deformation element using strain gauges, preferably by measuring the individual normal strains of the strain gauges, and wherein four pairs of strain gauges assigned to each other are arranged at different angles, preferably +/?45, with respect to the pedal shaft.

Abstract: A machine for raising and lowering a load, the machine including a platform, a boom attached at one end to the platform, a rod mounted transverse to the longitudinal axis of the boom on the other end of a boom, the rod having a central bore there through, with at least two strain gauges mounted therein and angled relative to each other, a hoist rope extending over the rod and having an end adapted to be attached to the load, and a mechanism connected to the at least two strain gauges for determining the angle of departure of the hoist rope from the rod and the amount of pull of the load on the hoist rope.

Abstract: A method of determining face paper properties of wallboard including providing a core strength value of the wallboard, determining a required nail pull value based the wallboard specifications and calculating a face paper stiffness value based on the provided core strength value and the determined nail pull value. The method includes displaying the calculated face paper stiffness value on a display device.

Abstract: An analyzing method includes acquiring displacements with respect to loads applied of the test piece measured by the three-point bending test; calculating a first approximate expression of a relation of the displacements with respect to the loads applied in a first area where the relation is linear so as to determine an elasticity modulus of the test piece; extracting boundary value of a relation of strains caused by the displacements with respect to the loads so as to determine a yield stress value of the test piece; and calculating a second approximate expression of a relation of stress caused by the loads with respect to the strains caused by the displacements in a second area beyond the yield stress value on the basis of the yield stress value, the elasticity modulus, and the measurements in the second area.

Abstract: A method, apparatus and computer-readable medium for determining a strain component for a deformation mode of a member is disclosed. A plurality of measurements is obtained, wherein each of the plurality of measurements relates to a strain at a location of the member. A deformation mode is selected and an adjustable filter is applied to the plurality of strain measurements to determine the strain component for the selected deformation mode.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for determining an acceleration at a location of interest within one of a user's head and neck. At least one of linear acceleration data, angular acceleration data, angular velocity data, and orientation data is produced using at least one sensing device substantially rigidly attached to an ambient-accessible surface of the user's head. The location of interest is represented relative to a position of the at least one sensing device as a time-varying function. An acceleration at the location of interest is calculated as a function of the data produced at the sensing device and the time-varying function representing the location of interest. The calculated acceleration at the location of interest is provided to at least one of the user and an observer in a human-perceptible form.

Abstract: A system, method and computer-readable medium for providing an image of a deformation of a member is disclosed. Strain measurements are obtained at a plurality of sensors located at the member. Components of the obtained strain measurements corresponding to a bending deformation are obtained. From the obtained components, components are obtained that corresponding to at least one cross-sectional deformation of the member and a bending parameter is determined from the components corresponding to the bending deformation. A cross-sectional deformation parameter is determined from the components corresponding to the at least one of the cross-sectional deformations. The image of the deformation of the member is provided using the determined bending parameter and the determined cross-sectional deformation parameter.

Abstract: A method, apparatus and computer-readable medium for determining a deformation strain distribution of a member corresponding to a selected deformation mode is disclosed. Strain measurements are obtained at a plurality of sensors, wherein each strain measurement is related to a strain at a location of the member. A component of the strain related to a selected deformation mode for the obtained strain measurements is determined and a principal strain component and a secondary strain component for each of the determined components of the strain is determined. The determined principal strain component and secondary strain component are mapped to a surface of the member to determine the deformation strain distribution.

Abstract: A method for evaluating local buckling performance of a steel pipe includes obtaining a stress-strain relationship of a material having a yield plateau in the stress-strain relationship; determining the comparison of a starting strain of strain-hardening in the stress-strain relationship obtained and a critical strain of the steel pipe; and evaluating that the steel pipe has a possibility of being applied to a structure that requires plastic design when the critical strain is determined to be larger than the starting strain and evaluating that the steel pipe has no possibility of being applied to a structure that requires plastic design when the critical strain is determined to be not larger than the starting strain.

Abstract: A method, apparatus and computer-readable medium for determining deformation of a plurality of coupled members. A distributed strain sensor string on a first member is coupled to a distributed strain sensor string on a second member. Signals are obtained from the sensor strings. A subset of strain data relating to sensor strain on the first member and the second member is created. A virtual sensor string is created having a plurality of virtual sensors placed on the first and second members including a joint therebetween. Strain data of sensors in the distributed stain sensor strings is mapped to sensors in the virtual sensor string. The deformation of the plurality of coupled members is determined using the strain data of the virtual sensors.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of detecting a change in tension of a taut wire fence system, where the system includes a connector including a main body member having a first attachment portion at one end of the member and a second attachment portion at the opposite end of the member and a sensor located on the main body between and aligned with the first and second attachment portions, the method including the steps of attaching a first wire of the fence to the first attachment portion and attaching the second attachment portion of the connector either to an end support mount for the fence, or to a second wire of the fence system such that the connector is held independently of direct contact with any fence support, and such that the first wire, the sensor on the main body of the connector and the second attachment portion respectively, are aligned.

Abstract: A method, apparatus and computer-readable medium for determining an effect of an event on a parameter of a member is disclosed. A plurality of strain measurements are obtained at a plurality of times, wherein each strain measurement corresponding to a sensor located at the member. A temperature correction is applied to the plurality of strain measurements obtained at each of the plurality of times. The parameter is obtained from the plurality of temperature-corrected strain measurements at each of the plurality of times, and the effect of the event on the parameter is determined from the time-correlated parameters.

Abstract: A method for evaluating local buckling performance of a steel pipe includes obtaining a stress-strain relationship of a material having a yield plateau in the stress-strain relationship; determining the comparison of a starting strain of strain-hardening in the stress-strain relationship obtained and a critical strain of the steel pipe; and evaluating that the steel pipe has a possibility of being applied to a structure that requires plastic design when the critical strain is determined to be larger than the starting strain and evaluating that the steel pipe has no possibility of being applied to a structure that requires plastic design when the critical strain is determined to be not larger than the starting strain.

Abstract: An element damage determination unit calculates a cumulative value of a damage value using a Manson-Coffin law for a plurality of finite elements of a continuum based on a result of a stress/distortion analyzing process, and determines whether or not the cumulative value of the damage value is equal to or exceeds a threshold. A calculation unit obtains first correspondence information indicating the correspondence between the number of cycles of a load and a growth rate of a crack occurring in the continuum based on the determination result. A Manson-Coffin law change unit changes a Manson-Coffin law based on the first correspondence information and second correspondence information indicating the correspondence between an actual measurement value of the number of cycles of a load applied to the continuum and an actual measurement value of the growth rate of a crack occurring in the continuum at that time.

Abstract: A multifunctional torque detection device includes a toque-strain bar enclosed by an enclosure and having opposite ends respectively forming coupling terminals for coupling with an adaptor and a coupler in either direction. The adaptor is connectable to a torque device, such as a hand tool, an electric tool, or a pneumatic tool. The coupler is connectable to a tool piece, such as a wrench socket. A strain gauge is directly mounted to the toque-strain bar to detect a torque applied thereto and to convert the torque into a torque value signal. An angle sensor is mounted inside the enclosure to detect a horizontal angle of the torque-strain bar and the enclosure and to convert the detected angle into an angle value signal. Both signals can be outputted in either wired or wireless manner.

Abstract: A system for simultaneously determining strain and temperature characteristics of an object comprising: (i) at least one optical fiber having at least two Brillouin peaks; (ii) at least one connector securing the optical fiber to the object to be monitored; (iii) a laser positioned to provide laser light to said at least one optical fiber; (iv) a device measuring frequencies of said at least two Brillouin peaks, and determining frequency shifts of said at least two Brillouin peaks for said at least one optical fiber along the length of fiber; and (v) a system calculating strain and temperature characteristics along said fiber, based on the coefficients of strain and temperature as well as the measured Brillouin frequency shifts for said optical fiber along the length of said optical fiber.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a measurement system that measures physical quantity distribution over the entire region using a sensor for physical quantity distribution (PQD sensor) that realizes high stretchability, flexibility, etc., in at least a partial region, in order to measure the physical quantity distribution that is regionally distributed in a two-dimensional or three-dimensional manner, as well as a method for measuring physical quantity distribution.

Abstract: A method of analyzing a finite element model of an airfoil assembly. The airfoil assembly comprises a main airfoil element and a plurality of control surfaces. The method comprises: generating a loads interface model of the airfoil assembly comprising: data which defines the spatial positions of a set of nodes, and data which associates each node with either the main element or one of the control surfaces. Load data is generated which defines loads acting on the nodes of the loads interface model, and mapped onto a finite element model to produce a loaded finite element model. A stress analysis is then performed on the loaded finite element model, and the finite element model can be refined as a result of the stress analysis.

Abstract: There is provided a system for predicting loading of a landing gear including, a plurality sensors positioned proximate to the landing gear. The plurality of sensors measure strain applied to the landing gear, and each sensor yielding strain data. The system further includes a processor that receives the strain data from the plurality of sensors and predicts at least one ground load based on strain data. There is further provided a method for predicting loading of a landing gear. The method includes powering a plurality of sensors located proximate to a landing gear structure, interrogating the plurality of sensors via data acquisition circuitry to yield strain data, instructing the data acquisition circuitry as to a sampling rate and data resolution to be used for the interrogating, and, finally, processing the strain data to predict a ground load.

Abstract: A system and method for monitoring loads applied to aircraft landing gear structure. The method includes the step of interrogating at least one sensor positioned proximate the landing gear structure by way of data acquisition circuitry to yield strain data. The method further includes the step of instructing the data acquisition circuitry with respect to a sampling rate and data resolution for interrogation.

Abstract: A method for measuring the orientation and deviatoric elastic strain of the crystal lattice of grains contained in a sample of polycrystalline material comprising a set of grains (G1, . . . Gi, . . . , Gn) comprises recording a series of Laue patterns and an operation for deinterlacing said Laue patterns, which deinterlacing operation may advantageously be combined with a tomography operation so as to furthermore identify the spatial extent of said grains.

Abstract: A transmission sensing and measurement system. The system provides real-time feedback of various transmission operating characteristics which enables immediate synchronized shift calibration in response to vehicle operating conditions. The system can be applied to various transmission components and positions, such as bearing, shafts, and differentials. The system is arranged in a transmission assembly. By way of a method for measuring operating characteristics of the transmission where data is collected by a sensor and transmitted, optimal operating characteristics of the transmission can be calculated.

Abstract: A novel method for soft tissue characterization includes obtaining a sequence of surface stress patterns as a function of an increasing compression force when a probe is pressed against the tissue over the location of the lesion of interest. A number of elasticity features are then calculated to characterize the tissue and the lesion located therein including strain hardening, loading curve average slope, lesion peak signal under a predetermined load, tissue heterogeneity, lesion shape and lesion mobility. At least three elasticity features are provided as an input to a statistical Bayesian classifier trained on a clinical database to calculate the probability of the lesion being benign or malignant. Additional patient-related parameters may be further provided as inputs to the classifier to increase the accuracy of differentiation between benign and malignant lesions.

Abstract: A method for testing a multiple layer structure is described. The method includes monitoring strains experienced by strain sensitive, magnetic particles disbursed within an adhesive between a first layer and a second layer, and analyzing any changes in the strains experienced by the particles to determine an amount of damage or degradation to the structure.

Abstract: A yarn entanglement strength tester includes first and second rolls that apply incrementally increasing elongation levels on a yarn in order to remove entanglements from the yarn. The yarn entanglement strength tester also includes a third roll, where the second and third rolls apply a constant tension on the yarn which enables optimum diameter measurements of the yarn by a camera. The camera captures images of diameters of the yarn after each of the incrementally increasing elongation levels is applied to the yarn. The yarn entanglement strength tester further includes a computing device that controls operation of the camera and the first, second, and third rolls, and determines an entanglement strength of the yarn based on the captured images of the diameters of the yarn after each of the incrementally increasing elongation levels is applied to the yarn.

Abstract: A method to estimate the fatigue life of a component operable under cyclic stress is provided. A system including testing means for performing a strain controlled test of a component or a representative specimen of the component, to obtain therefrom a first set of data samples including measured stress amplitude values for varying applied strain levels, and a second set of data samples including measured number of cycles to crack initiation for varying applied strain levels is also provided. The system further includes a modeling means for fitting a first low cycle fatigue material curve on the first set of data samples and a second low cycle fatigue material curve on the second set of data samples.

Abstract: In computing the overall material constant of a composite material, a virtual composite material is defined as the one that predetermined material components are dispersed in a form of spherical particles in a matrix phase at known volume fractions, and a nonlinear equation having the overall material constant of the virtual composite material as an unknown is prepared. Next, the overall material constant of the composite material is computed by solving the nonlinear equation. The nonlinear equation is a recursive nonlinear equation which is obtained by defining the material constant in the surrounding areas of the spherical particles as the overall material constant of the composite material to be computed. The volume fraction of a material component dispersed in the composite material is computed using the recursive nonlinear equation.

Abstract: A load is based calibrate on data collected under wide observation conditions and promptly calibrate loads of a plurality of wind turbine blades. A load measuring apparatus is applied to a wind turbine in which a pitch angle of a wind turbine blade is variable. The apparatus includes a sensor for obtaining a distortion of the wind turbine blade; a load calculating unit having a function expressing a relation between the distortion of the wind turbine blade and a load on the wind turbine blade, for obtaining the load on the wind turbine blade by applying to the function the distortion based on measurement data of the sensor; and a calibration unit for calibrating the function based on the measurement data of the sensor obtained in a pitch angle range and a rotational speed range of the wind turbine blade in which a variation between maximum and minimum aerodynamic torques is equal to or less than a predetermined value.

Abstract: A method is provided for estimating the components of the force torsor that are applied to a bearing, which method provides for the measurement of a vector (Vm) of N deformations and for the use of a physical model linking a vector (Q) of at most N representative values of the components of the torsor with a deformation measurement vector, the method comprises the following iterative steps: introduction of a vector (Q) of representative values into the model in order to calculate a deformation measurement vector (Vc); and carrying out a pertinence test (T) between the deformation measurement vector (Vc) which is calculated and the measured vector (Vm); if the test (T) is negative, establishing at least one new vector (Q) of representative values to be introduced into the model according to the result of the test; or if the test (T) is positive, storing the vector (Q) of introduced values; wherein the estimated components of the force torsor are established according to at least one stored vector (Q) of values

Abstract: Method, system, and computer program product for collecting sensor readings from a component of a wind turbine. The system includes a data collection system coupled in communication with a sensor. The data collection unit includes a processor configured to direct the sensor readings from the sensor to a buffer for temporary storage and to identify a triggering event by comparing the sensor readings received from the sensor with a reference value. In response to the identification of the triggering event, the sensor readings are transferred from the buffer to the mass storage device and stored in a non-volatile form by the mass storage device.

Abstract: A trigger circuit for use with a structural health monitoring system. To save power, a structural health monitoring system is programmed with a sleep mode and a wake, or operational, mode. In its operational mode, the structural health monitoring system can perform its usual tasks, e.g. monitoring a structure and determining its structural health. In sleep mode, many functions are suspended, so that the system requires less power. The trigger circuit wakes the system when the sensors of the structural health monitoring system emit a sufficiently large signal, i.e. when an event occurs. That is, when not in use, the system enters sleep mode, and when some event occurs (e.g., impact, or some other stresses that are of concern), the trigger circuit alerts the system, prompting it to shift from sleep mode to operational mode and to begin taking/analyzing data.

Abstract: Methods, program products, and computer systems for estimating a stress of a toughened structural adhesive polymer are provided. One method comprises selecting a strain, a strain rate, a temperature, or a combination thereof at which the stress is to be estimated. A value of a strain-hardening stress of the toughened structural adhesive polymer is determined, wherein the value of the strain-hardening stress is dependent on the temperature and the strain. A value of a non-strain-hardening stress of the toughened structural adhesive polymer is determined, wherein the value of the non-strain-hardening stress is dependent on the strain, the strain rate, and the temperature. The value of the strain-hardening stress is added to the value of the non-strain-hardening stress to obtain an estimated total stress.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to methods to provide electrospun polymer/nanoparticle composite-fiber structures for use as lightweight, compliant, porous strain sensors for non-cyclic strain sensing. In one embodiment, the fibers in the nanocomposites comprise, for example, poly(?-caprolactone) (PCL) dielectric polymer matrix with embedded electrically conductive carbon black (CB) nanoparticles. In another embodiment, the composite-fiber structures of the present invention contain at least about 7 weight percent or more of CB and are electrically conducting in the as-spun, un-deformed state, and are thus called conductive polymer composites (CPC). In still another embodiment, the electrical resistance of a nanocomposite structure according to the invention increases with strain, and at sufficiently high strains the structure is rendered non-conductive.

Abstract: A method for identifying tire positions of a dual rear tire vehicle having front tires and a pair of dual rear tires. The dual rear tires include an inner rear tire and an outer rear tire. The method includes providing a set of tire monitoring modules attached to each of the tires, and a processing module operatively attached to the tire monitoring modules. Further, the method includes receiving tire information, including tire pressure signals and rotational direction, from the set of monitoring modules of each of the tires. The method then involves identifying the dual rear tires and the front tires, and the dual rear tires located on right side and left side of the vehicle based on the received tire information. The inner rear tire and the outer rear tire of each of the dual rear tires are also identified based on the received tire information.

Abstract: A method for determining properties of an asphalt material include measuring respective current deformations of a plurality of samples of the asphalt material, repeating the measuring step over a plurality of temperatures that change at a predetermined rate, calculating a plurality of measured total strain values as a function of the deformations and the temperatures, calculating respective creep strains, at different ones of the plurality of temperatures, based on the total strains as a function of applied stresses, calculating respective creep stiffnesses as a function of the temperatures, determining a combined creep curve based on the respective creep stiffnesses, deriving a theoretical creep curve, and fitting the theoretical creep curve with the combined creep curve to determine a master creep curve function and a time-temperature shift function.

Abstract: The present invention directed to rolling weight deflectometers having sensors to measure pavement deflection, and to provide test data to determine the subgrade modulus and equivalent thickness of pavements. This information is then utilized to determine more than deflection and according to the present invention is utilized to determine critical strain parameters that can be applied to predict bearing capacity, rutting and roughness characteristics of pavements. This invention enhances the value of pavement testing while at the same time allowing for testing systems having fast moving wheel loads. The collected data can be used to determine vertical compressive strain and horizontal tensile strain, which can be more valuable for the prediction of remaining life time and recommendations for repair and maintenance.

Abstract: A method for modeling material behavior includes using empirical three dimensional non-uniform stress and strain data to train a self-organizing computational model such as a neural network. A laboratory device for measuring non-uniform stress and strain data from material includes an enclosure with an inclusion in it. As the enclosure is compressed, the inclusion induces a non-uniform state of stress and strain. A field testing device includes a body having a moveable section. When the body is inserted in a material and the moveable section moved, a non-uniform state of stress and strain can be characterized.

Abstract: An elastic sheet is defined in accordance with a user input operation to have a shape with which the elastic sheet does not cross another member (building component) (step S1). Then, the elastic sheet is divided into rigid elements (step S2). Angles formed by each rigid element with adjacent rigid elements on two sides are calculated, and the calculation results and the like are stored in a RAM (step S3). A flexible medium which moves through a conveyance path is defined (step S4). Conveyance conditions when the flexible medium moves through the conveyance path are set (step S5). After that, the motion is calculated (step S6). The result of the motion calculation, that is, the behavior of the flexible medium, is displayed on a display device (step S7).

Abstract: A strain measurement device to assess the integrity of a structural repair to a surface comprises a detector, a processor, and a memory module coupled to the processor. The memory module comprises logic instructions stored in a computer readable medium which, when executed by the processor, configure the processor to use the detector to obtain a first strain measurement from an external strain indicator, use the detector to obtain a second strain measurement from the measurement sensor after at least one stress test is applied to the structural repair, and generate a signal when a difference between the first strain measurement and the second strain measurement exceeds a threshold.

Abstract: Systems and methods deform the surface of the material with a probe, such as a mechanical device or a gas/liquid jet, while optically recording in detail the three-dimensional (3D) topography of the resulting surface deformation. The probe effectively applies a forcing function to the material, the attributes of which are known by performing calibrations prior to use or by direct measurement while it is applied. The topography is effectively the system output that is measured as indicative of the underlying mechanical properties of the material. In one application, systems and methods that apply a pressure in-vivo to human tissue and analyze a three-dimensional topography of the resulting surface deformation to identify localized inhomogeneities and anomalies in the human tissue.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for applying extensometric sensors in railway tracks, in combination with electronic equipment and a post-processing of the signals and data obtained to measure the stresses on railway tracks and the like, as well as to measure contact forces between the wheel of the vehicle or train and the actual rail on which it is travelling. According to the method, the following is performed: capturing micro-deformations in a known point of the track; analyzing these micro-deformations; identifying the element corresponding to the micro-deformation signal peaks coinciding with the passage of the train over one of the cross members of the track; analyzing the micro-deformation signal peaks previously identified; obtaining signals by means of sensors (5) arranged in plates (6) screwed to the rail (7); and finally calibrating each detected micro-deformation peak and the relationship thereof with the magnitudes to be measured.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and apparatus for measuring in-situ stress in rock using a thermal crack. The method involves forming a borehole, cooling a wall of the borehole, applying tensile thermal stress, forming a crack in the borehole wall, and measuring temperature and cracking point. Afterwards, the borehole wall is heated to close the formed crack, the borehole wall is cooled again to re-open the crack, and temperature is measured when the crack is re-opened. The in-situ stress of the rock is calculated using a first cracking temperature at which the crack is formed and a second cracking temperature at which the crack is re-opened. Further, the apparatus cools, heats and re-cools the borehole wall, thereby measuring the first cracking temperature, the second cracking temperature, and the cracking point.

Abstract: Provided are a structure testing apparatus, a controller for such an apparatus and a method for controlling a structure testing apparatus in which operation of a direct drive electromagnetic actuator is continuously auto-tuned during a test, so that the test load applied to a specimen during the test is the correct, desired load according to the current specimen parameters including stiffness. Forward and feedback control gains are repeatedly recalculated during the test in response to monitored specimen parameters.

Abstract: A method of determining fatigue load of at least one operative wind turbine, comprising: providing a transfer function that associates an obtained at least one measurement value of a first sensor to an obtained at least one measurement value of a second sensor the at least one measurement value of the first sensor and the at least one measurement value of the second sensor being obtained by use of a reference wind turbine at which the first sensor and the second sensor are located; obtaining at least one measurement value of a third sensor, wherein the third sensor is located at the at least one operative wind turbine, and wherein the third sensor corresponds in type and position to the first sensor at the reference wind turbine; calculating at least one transfer function value corresponding to the obtained at least one measurement value of the third sensor by use of the provided transfer function; calculating the fatigue load of the at least one operative wind turbine based on the calculated transfer functio

Abstract: A machine for raising and lowering a load, the machine including a platform, a boom attached at one end to the platform, a rod mounted transverse to the longitudinal axis of the boom on the other end of a boom, the rod having a central bore there through, with at least two strain gauges mounted therein and angled relative to each other, a hoist rope extending over the rod and having an end adapted to be attached to the load, and a mechanism connected to the at least two strain gauges for determining the angle of departure of the hoist rope from the rod and the amount of pull of the load on the hoist rope.

Abstract: An evaluation method of residual stress in water jet peening includes a step of creating an analytical model including meshes according to a water jet peening (WJP) object, the shape of a nozzle, and an injection distance, a step of inputting WJP execution conditions, a step of calculating the internal pressure pBi of a cavitation bubble and a bubble number density ngi through jet flow analysis for a jet flow jetting from the nozzle, a step of calculating cavitation energy according to the internal pressure pBi of a cavitation bubble and a bubble number density ngi (S4), a step of calculating the burst energy of cavitation bubbles from the cavitation energy C, and a step of calculating the compressive residual stress of the WJP object from the collapse pressure of cavitation bubbles. Accordingly, the residual stress of the WJP object can be evaluated precisely in a shorter time.

Abstract: An electronic sensor employs a strain gauge controlled by a microprocessor on a circuit board. The processor operates software to measure electric impulses from the strain gauge and to convert them into digitally recognizable numbers. Software provides for calibration of the electronic sensor specific fishing rods. The software also controls an LCD read-out device to allow the user to preset a known drag resistance force in suitable units of measure on the fishing reel and to continually read out the amount of force pressure on the fishing line after hook-up so that a user can apply maximum pressure on a fish while fighting the fish without breaking the fishing line.

Abstract: A strain sensor comprises a transmitting element; a receiving element wirelessly coupled to the transmitting element; and a modulating element located on a rotating component, wherein the modulating element modulates the wireless coupling between the transmitting element and the receiving element, wherein the modulation of the wireless coupling is indicative of strain on the rotating component. A method of detecting strain in a rotating component of a rotary machine comprises wirelessly coupling a transmitting element and a receiving element; modulating the coupling with a modulating element located on the rotating component; and calculating the strain in the rotating component based on the modulation of the coupling.