Abstract: A composition comprising an admixture of pulped fibers and a slag characterized by an open pore structure.

Abstract: Waste paper is shredded and reacted with nitric acid to produce nitrated cellulose in which the inorganic nitrate ion is organically bound to the cellulosic waste paper. The resultant product is neutralized to enhance its stability and is suitable for use as a nitrogen fertilizer and soil conditioner. When phosphoric acid is added prior to neutralization with potassium hydroxide a complete N-P-K fertilizer results.

Abstract: Micronutrient fertilizer consisting of iron, manganese, copper, boron, and zinc in which the manganese-to-iron ratio is 8 to 20%, the copper-to-iron ratio is 5 to 10%, the boron-to-iron ratio is 0.4 to 1.0%, and the zinc-to-iron ratio is 6 to 12%.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the environment protection and, more specifically, to microbiological processes for recultivation of industrial refuse heaps.The process of the present invention involves treatment of the heaps with fertilizers resulting from purification of production-communal waste waters, followed by treatment with a humic preparation containing a culture of the mold fungus Aspergillus niger. Then plowing of the ground is effected with a subsequent sowing with seeds of perennial plants. The heap surface sown with said seeds is inoculated with a bacterial preparation containing a culture of ammonifying and nitrifying bacteria.During the period of the plant sprouting and tillering inoculation is effected by means of a bacterial preparation containing a culture of azotobacter and phosphate-dissolving bacteria. All these bacteria are recovered from said refuse heaps, wherefore they are already adapted thereto.

Abstract: A method for processing waste sludge from wet phosphoric acid purification facilities wherein steelworks slag is separately ground, the ground slag then is force-mixed and granulated together with the waste sludge.

Abstract: A free-flowing granular fertilizer composition and a process for its preparation in which the granules comprise expanded, substantially oil-free coffee grounds as a carrier coated and impregnated with a urea-formaldehyde condensation product. The condensation product has from 1 to 3 moles of urea for each mole of formaldehyde and the composition has at least 15% of the total nitrogen in cold water insoluble form.

Abstract: Manure from stockyards is treated in a single step by the addition of both a bacteria (L. plantarum) and a fermentable carbohydrate (lactose). The pH of the treated manure falls to below 4.0. The manure without more is acceptable as landfill or with further treatment as cattle feed.

Abstract: A versatile process and apparatus is presented for producing, in high yields, many different grades of pulp from a single wood specie or for pulping any specie or type of woody material, and for storage and recycling of the by-product liquid and gaseous materials. The process of this invention is virtually pollution free, and the reactant chemicals are recoverable from the by-products. In the alternative, the by-products themselves have a commercial value which may forestall recovery of the reactants. The lignin constituent extracted from the pulp is usable as a resin binder, a wood rehardening agent, or a glue.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of processing the waste sludge obtained in purification facilities for phosphoric acid produced by the wet process. The composition of this sludge is such that it cannot be utilized for any purpose in this state. It is known that sludge from wet phosphoric acid purification facilities contains different quantities of certain substances, the concentrations being such that these substances may not be allowed to mix with surface water or ground water under any circumstances, not even in the case of dumps. A typical composition of such waste sludge is as follows:______________________________________ Fe 9.0% by weight P.sub.2 O.sub.5 21.0% by weight CaO 6.2% by weight SiO.sub.2 12.5% by weight MgO 5.8% by weight Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 2.7% by weight Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3 0.7% by weight V.sub.2 O.sub.5 0.6% by weight Na.sub.2 O 18.0% by weight K.sub.2 O 0.3% by weight F 1.7% by weight C 2.5% by weight S 0.3% by weight Remainder* 18.7% by weight 100.

Abstract: A solar chemical process for converting sewer sludge from a gelatinous mass into a manageable product suitable for fertilizer includes the manufacture of a carbonaceous product by treating cellulose waste such as newspaper with sulfuric acid and heating the mixture until the cellulose product becomes substantially black. The black product is mixed with sludge in a ratio to produce a grainy product that can be chlorinated for sterility and spread as fertilizer. In a modified version of the process, coal ash is added to the sludge with the carbonaceous product for its nutrient value, and sand may be added with the coal ash to aid in aeration of the soil.

Abstract: New products are provided for the correction of iron chlorosis in plants. The products are iron chelates prepared by adding ferric iron salts to concentrated solutions of hot caustic effluents from bleach plants of wood pulp mills. The dried chelate is added to the soil in which the plants are growing or to the soil in which plants are to be grown.

Abstract: Organic fertilizers having a superior fertilizer response (or efficiency), and a higher nitrogen content but a lower water-insoluble type nitrogen content are prepared from spent liquors of sulfite pulp plants according to the method of the present invention. Said method comprises setting the solid matter concentration of said spent liquors in the reaction liquid consisting mainly of said spent liquors to 20-45% by weight and reacting therewith ammonia in an amount of 15-30 mol per 1 Kg of said solid matter, and oxygen or oxygen-containing gas at a reaction temperature of 90.degree.-120.degree. C. under a pressure of 4 Kg/cm.sup.2 or higher and lower than 10 Kg/cm.sup.2.

Abstract: A method of stabilizing an aqueous, peroxide containing composition and the resulting stabilized composition. Preferably, EDTA and a magnesium salt are also included in the stabilized composition.

Abstract: A process for treating a waste liquid which is obtained from a fermentation process, e.g., an alcohol fermentation, and contains organic and inorganic substances which are useful as fertilizer, is provided which includes combusting a concentrate of the waste liquid and bringing the combustion products containing the ashes which are formed from the inorganic substances and the hot combustion gases into direct contact with a fresh portion of the waste liquid. Thereby the liquid is concentrated by evaporation and a slurry of the ashes in the concentrated waste liquid is formed. The slurry is separated into a solid sediment containing the minerals and a part of the organic components of the liquid and a concentrates mother liquid, at least a portion of which is combusted as the concentrate. By drying the sediment with agitation, a granulate which can be used as a fertilizer can be produced.

Abstract: Iron (FE) may be reacted in the presence of an alkaline material with vegetable tannin by mixing water (H.sub.2 O), comminuted iron in its elemental state and vegetable tannin to form an iron chelate which holds iron in a form available to and assimilable by plants. Treatment of plants with the iron chelate supplies iron thereto and corrects iron chlorosis. Comminuted cast iron and vegetable tannin extract may be used, respectively, as the Fe and vegetable tannin sources. Further, comminuted redwood, which is known to be poisonous to many plants in its natural state, is believed to be converted into a nonpoisonous growing medium which supplies iron to plants and stimulates plant growth by reacting the vegetable tannin naturally occurring in the redwood to form the aforementioned iron chelate therein.

Abstract: A process for the chemical treatment of organic waste materials contaminated with a pathogenic microorganism, such as raw sewage, sewage sludge and other organic waste products, and to the treated organic waste material so obtained, which process comprises: prereacting the organic waste material with a water-soluble methylol compound subject to condensation, such as a methylolurea compound, under alkaline pH conditions; and, thereafter, condensing the methylol compound by establishing an acid pH condition to form a solid waste product comprising a condensation polymer containing methylene bridges and a sterile solid waste material.

Abstract: A process for obtaining fertilizer salts and organic substance concentrates of high nutritive value from industrial waste waters, in particular of waste waters of the agricultural, food processing and food preserving industries, with a high content of Totally Dissolved Solids (T.D.S.), includes the following operating phases:Automatic diversion of the high T.D.S. content waste waters from those of low T.D.S. content by means of a conductivity or density measuring instrument.Mixing of the high T.D.S. content waste waters with strong acids or bases, according to the composition of the waste waters, so as to form stable salts.Filtration of the so-formed solution for the purpose of eliminating the insoluble substances and precipitates.Concentration of the solution by means of evaporation.Crystallization of the concentrated solution.Separation by means of centrifugation of the fertilizer salts from the mother liquors containing organic substances of high nutritive value.

Abstract: A growing medium for seeds, cuttings, plants and the like contains partially combusted bark particles obtained from bark-burning boiler furnaces of pulp processing concerns. The bark particles possess physical and chemical properties ideally suited for use in growing media, especially so-called "soilless" growing media for container-growing. The combusted bark particles are combined with other materials conventionally utilized in horticultural growing media.

Abstract: A process for the production of a granular fertilizer material from sludge materials discharged from scrubbing processes that remove pollutants from boiler flue gases. Waste sludge discharged from flue gas scrubber systems often contain large amounts of calcium and sulfur as well as lesser amounts of other compounds known to have plant nutrient value. The sludge is treated with an acid such as phosphoric, sulfuric or nitric, or a mixture of these, and ammonia. The resulting sludge-ammonia-acid salt mixture is combined with partially dried, previously processed solid material (recycle) in a horizontal rotating vessel. Additional ammonia and/or acid is added to the rotating vessel to cause the sludge-salt mixture to solidify and granulate. Other plant nutrients may be added to the rotating vessel during granulation. The granulated material discharged from the rotary vessel is further processed (dried, cooled, and screened) to obtain desirable moisture content and particle size.

Abstract: Fertilizers with controlled nutrient release produced from the treatment of solid waste with a phosphate to derive paper pulp and precipitated inks, coatings and waxes removed from the paper fibers.

Abstract: Spent sulfite liquor is converted into a nitrogen containing water insoluble product useful as a soil conditioner and fertilizer. The spent sulfite liquor is heated at a temperature of 170.degree. to 260.degree. C to form a partially pyrolyzed water insoluble material and the water insoluble material is then reacted with ammonia at a temperature of 170.degree. to 260.degree. C.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of soil conditioners, which comprises the steps of adding alkaline earth metal salts to a solution of alkaline extract of an peat-moss and humic acid which is contained in peat-moss thereby to form flocs of the humic acid salt thereof, further adding an organic coagulant to said solution thereby to coagulate said flocs coarsely, filtering the thus treated solution, and drying the resulting condensate.

Abstract: Spent sulfite liquor is converted into a nitrogen containing, water insoluble product useful as a soil conditioner and as a slow-release fertilizer. The spent sulfite liquor is reacted at a temperature of from 170.degree. to 250.degree.C with hexamethylenetetramine or with an ammonia-formaldehyde mixture. The weight ratio of hexamethylenetetramine or ammonia and formaldehyde to SSL solids should be greater than about 0.5:1 and preferably greater than 1:1.

Abstract: A process for the chemical treatment of organic waste materials contaminated with a pathogenic microorganism, such as raw sewage, sewage sludge and other organic waste products, and to the treated organic waste material so obtained, which process comprises: prereacting the organic waste material with a water-soluble methylol compound subject to condensation, such as a methylolurea compound, under alkaline pH conditions; and, thereafter, condensing the methylol compound by establishing an acid pH condition to form a solid waste product comprising a condensation polymer containing methylene bridges and a sterile solid waste material.

Abstract: Nitrocellulose is reacted with ammonium hydroxide to produce a mixture of monium nitrate with various degradation products derived from cellulose, the mixture being useful as fertilizer either in the form of an aqueous slurry or in dry powdery or granular form.

Abstract: Useful olive-processing liquor is recovered from olive-processing waste solution by a process wherein lime, charcoal, and calcium carbonate are successively added to the olive-processing waste solution to form a mixture and the mixture is allowed to settle. The treated liquor is separated from the settled contaminants and is then immediately recyclable to process fresh olives.

Abstract: Compositions of matter suitable for use as a fertilizer and comprising a mixture of water; one or more materials capable of acting as a fertilizer; and at least one agent comprising at least one organic water soluble or water hydratable material capable of thickening said mixture and present in an amount sufficient to convert said mixture to a water resistant gel form.

Abstract: A biological fertilizer is prepared by a process which comprises treating sewage sedimentation sludge with sulphite waste liquor, the treatment being carried out at a pH of no more than 6, followed by mixing the mixture of treated sludge and waste liquor with pulverized vegetable matter, whereby to form a biological fertilizer.

Abstract: A process for the production of a granular fertilizer material from sludge materials discharged from scrubbing processes that remove pollutants from boiler flue gases. Waste sludge discharged from flue gas scrubber systems often contain large amounts of calcium and sulfur as well as lesser amounts of other compounds known to have plant nutrient value. The sludge is treated with an acid such as phosphoric, sulfuric or nitric, or a mixture of these, and ammonia. The resulting sludge-ammonia-acid salt mixture is combined with partially dried, previously processed solid material (recycle) in a horizontal rotating vessel. Additional ammonia and/or acid is added to the rotating vessel to cause the sludge-salt mixture to solidify and granulate. Other plant nutrients may be added to the rotating vessel during granulation. The granulated material discharged from the rotary vessel is further processed (dried, cooled, and screened) to obtain desirable moisture content and particle size.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of processing the waste sludge obtained in purification facilities for phosphoric acid produced by the wet process. The composition of this sludge is such that it cannot be utilized for any purpose in this state. It is known that sludge from wet phosphoric acid purification facilities contains different quantities of certain substances, the concentrations being such that these substances may not be allowed to mix with surface water or ground water under any circumstances, not even in the case of dumps. A typical composition of such waste sludge is as follows:______________________________________ Fe 9.0% by weight P.sub.2 O.sub.5 21.0% by weight CaO 6.2% by weight SiO.sub.2 12.5% by weight MgO 5.8% by weight Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 2.7% by weight Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3 0.7% by weight V.sub.2 O.sub.5 0.6% by weight Na.sub.2 O 18.0% by weight K.sub.2 O 0.3% by weight F 1.7% by weight C 2.5% by weight S 0.3% by weight Remainder* 18.7% by weight 100.