Abstract: Reaction products and methods for making and using such reaction products are provided. For example, a reaction product comprising an adduct formed from urea, formaldehyde, and a urease inhibitor is described, which can be provided in various forms. For example, such a reaction product can be in the form of a solid or solution. Such a reaction product can also be combined with one or more additional components, including but not limited to, additional urease inhibitor and/or a nitrogen-based fertilizer composition.

Abstract: Fertilizer compositions are provided, where a fertilizer composition includes: an inner portion including a nitrogen containing material; and an outer portion covering the inner portion, the outer portion including a release agent (e.g. HTC, BR).

Abstract: An improved composition comprising substantial spherical UFP particles and an active agent, such as NBPT, and optionally other components is used as an additive for liquid and solid fertilizers, typically containing urea. Methods of making the compositions and their use are also disclosed.

Abstract: The subject of the invention is a composition containing at least 80 wt. %, with reference to the total weight of the composition, of a magnesium-sulfate-urea compound of Formula (I): [MgSO4.m CO(NH2)2.n H2O]??(I), in which m is in the range from 0.9 to 1.1 and n is in the range from 2.1 to 3.1, where the composition, with reference to the total weight of the composition, contains less than 10 wt. % free MgSO4 in the form of the anhydrate or in the form of urea-free hydrates of the magnesium sulfate, such as magnesium sulfate or magnesium-sulfate hexahydrate and/or less than 10 wt. % uncombined urea. In particular, m in Formula (I) indicates the value 1. In particular, n in Formula (I) indicates the value 3. The invention also concerns the manufacture of the compositions and their utilization as fertilizers or fertilizer additives.

Abstract: Increasing longevity of the nitrogen content of soil through improved liquid delivery formulations of urease inhibitors and/or nitrification inhibitors designed to apply to fertilizers, especially urea and manure based fertilizers These delivery formulations provide an environmentally sound and inherently safe solvating system that improves the storage stability of the urease inhibitors by utilizing aprotic solvents, maintain the urease inhibitors and/or nitrification inhibitors in solution to storage temperatures of at least 10° C. and provides improved application to fertilizer of urease and/or nitrification inhibitors. These delivery formulations enable safe storage, transport and subsequent application or blending with urea based or manure based fertilizers that can be applied to soil in either a liquid or granular form to provide improved nitrogen retention in the soil for uptake for plant life.

Abstract: A water-dispersible particle is provided that has a crystalline matrix formed of a potassium salt, a phosphate salt, of a combination thereof. Embedded in the matrix are at least 100 insoluble granules of at least one macronutrient or micronutrient. The granules, and the matrix present in a form such that contact with water causes particle dispersion into more than 100 pieces in a time period of up to 1 hour. A process of forming a fertilizer particle includes the granulation of a quantity of insoluble material to a size where the majority by weight is between 0.02 and 3 millimeters to from granules. The granules are agglomerated into the fertilizer particle containing at least 100 of the granules with a solution of a potassium salt, a phosphate salt, of a combination thereof through solvent removal to form the crystalline matrix in which the granules are embedded.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for the preparation an emulsion of elemental sulphur particles, said process comprising the steps of: (a) providing a first stream comprising a liquid fertilizer and/or a liquid fertilizer precursor; (b) providing a second stream comprising liquid elemental sulphur; and (c) mixing the first stream and the second stream in a mixing device in the presence of a multifunctional ionic surfactant to form an emulsion comprising elemental sulphur particles which are coated with a layer of the multifunctional ionic surfactant and dispersed in the fertilizer and/or the fertilizer precursor, whereby a temperature is applied which maintains the elemental sulphur substantially in the liquid form in the mixing device. The invention further provides an elemental sulphur-containing fertilizer obtainable by a process according to the invention.

Abstract: A process for the removal of acids from reaction mixtures, comprising at least one product of value which is sparingly soluble in water, by at least one unpolar amine as an auxiliary base, which includes: a) reacting the auxiliary base with the acid with formation of a salt; b) reacting the salt formed in step a) with a further base which accepts the acid with liberation of the auxiliary base and combines with the acid to be accepted from the auxiliary base to form a salt which is very readily soluble in water; c) extraction of the mixture obtained in step b) with water or an aqueous medium, wherein the salt of the further base dissolves in the aqueous phase and the product of value, or the solution of the product of value, in a suitable solvent and the auxiliary base form at least one separate nonaqueous phase; and d) removal by distillation of at least part of any solvent present from the at least one nonaqueous phase obtained in step c), to form two nonmiscible liquid phases.

Abstract: A urea fertilizer having reduced ammonia volatilization upon application to soil including a central particle having an outer surface and comprising ammonia volatilization inhibiting compounds containing one or more of boron and iodine, and a coating of urea on the outer surface of the central particle, and further a process of making the fertilizer including the steps of: granulating ammonia volatilization inhibiting compounds containing one or more of boron and iodine, with a binder to produce volatilization inhibitor particles; screening the inhibitor particles to a preselected particle size; spraying melted urea onto the surface of the inhibitor particles to produce a coating on the inhibitor particles; granulating the coated inhibitor particles with sprayed melted urea to produce granules of urea coated central volatilization particles; and cooling the granules.

Abstract: A plant growth enhancing mixture and method of application applied exogenously very early in crop establishment, as a seed treatment, or in the seed furrow or into the soil for the roots of crop plants, in the right proportions, result in a root pattern that has very deep and strong rooting with a distinct minimal of profuse proliferation of lateral roots close to the soil surface, having numerous benefits as well as preferred, in situ, plant auxin transport and heightened drought tolerance.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a solid blend of urea based and ammonium nitrate based particles, the blend comprising ammonium nitrate based particles with salts able to bind crystallization water and urea particles with ammonium sulphate.

Abstract: The invention provides a continuous process for manufacturing a phosphorus/potassium fertilizer from basic chemical commodities. The fertilizer is a free-flowing solid, stable on storage, consisting mainly of a phosphate of formula KH5(P04)2.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for contemporaneously recovering ammonia and carbon dioxide from an aqueous solution thereof, possibly comprising their condensates, in a synthesis process of urea, characterized in that it comprises a hydrophobic microporous membrane distillation phase of an aqueous solution comprising ammonia, carbon dioxide and their saline compounds or condensates, said distillation being carried out at a temperature ranging from 50 to 250° C. and a pressure ranging from 50 KPa to 20 MPa absolute, with the formation of a residual aqueous solution, possibly comprising urea, and a gaseous permeate stream, comprising ammonia, carbon dioxide and water. The present invention also relates to an apparatus for effecting the above method and a production process of urea which comprises the above method.

Abstract: An inhibitor composition contains dicyandiamide as a nitrification inhibitor, alkyl thiophosphoric triamide as a urease inhibitor, or a combination thereof, dissolved in a liquid medium comprising an organic solvent selected from, among others, one or more polar aprotic solvents, amine solvents, heterocyclic alcohol solvents, and mixtures thereof, is useful in making fertilizer compositions and in a method of fertilizing target plants.

Abstract: A controlled release fertilizer including a fertilizer granule, having an outer surface, a coating of biopolymer composition on the outer surface of the fertilizer granule, wherein the biopolymer composition includes at least one biopolymer, and a process of making the controlled release fertilizer including the steps of screening fertilizer granules to a preselected granule size, heating a biopolymer to become substantially fluid, and applying the biopolymer onto the surface of the fertilizer granule to produce a coating on the granule of a predetermined amount.

Abstract: Improved agriculturally useful products are provided, including solid materials such as nitrogenous fertilizers (e.g., urea), together with a polycarboxylated polymer selected from the group consisting of a salts of copolymers containing individual quantities of maleic and itaconic moieties. The polymer composition also includes from about 10-60% by weight of an organic drying agent such as a lower alcohol which enhances the quick drying properties thereof. The compositions may also include an amount of boron, and bimodal vinylic polymer made up of quantities of high and low molecular weight (MW) vinylic polymers such as PVA.

Abstract: The present invention is incorporated in a three-part primary nutrient system for facilitating the growth of a plant in any growing media. The first part of the nutrient system comprises calcium and nitrogen and is devoid of magnesium, sulfur, and trace minerals. The second part of the nutrient system comprises nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and trace minerals and is devoid of calcium. The third part of the nutrient system comprises potassium, phosphorus, and magnesium and is devoid of calcium.

Abstract: The present invention provides improved solvent systems for the preparation of liquid formulations of urease inhibitors, specifically NBPT, comprising aryl alkyl alcohols. The solvent systems provided good solubility of the urease inhibitor as well as at least one of improved stability, lower flammability, lower toxicity, improved cold temperature storage, improved handling, improved adsorption onto and/or solubility with solid media such as urea. Methods of making and using the compositions are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides improved solvent systems for the preparation of liquid formulations of urease or nitrification inhibitors, specifically NBPT, comprising alkylene glycol alkyl ethers. The solvent systems provided good solubility of the urease inhibitor as well as at least one of improved stability, lower flammability, lower toxicity, improved cold temperature storage, improved handling, improved adsorption onto and/or solubility with solid media such as UFP or urea. Methods of making and using the compositions are also provided.

Abstract: A coated granule is obtained by coating a bioactive substance-containing granule with a urethane resin obtained by reaction of an aromatic diisocyanate with a polyol mixture containing a polyesterpolyol and a C2-C8 polymethylene glycol, wherein the molar ratio of the polyesterpolyol to the polymethylene glycol is 1:20 to 20:1. The granule is capable of controlling elution of the bioactive substance appropriately, and the urethane resin forming the coating film shows degradability in soil.

Abstract: A process for producing polyurethane coated fertilizer granules having core granules comprising at least 0.2 wt % of boron, the process having the step of applying a polyol and an isocyanate to the core granules, wherein an acidic component is applied to the core granules no later than the polyol.

Abstract: An encapsulated particle including a core particle, a base layer, and an outer layer is provided. The base layer is disposed about the core particle and comprises polycarbodiimide. The outer layer is disposed about the base layer and comprises wax. A method of forming the encapsulated particle including the steps of reacting an isocyanate in the presence of a catalyst to form the polycarbodiimide, encapsulating the core particle with the polycarbodiimide to form the base layer, and encapsulating the base layer with the wax to form the outer layer is also provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to plant fertilizer compositions and methods that may be used over the growth and blooming or fruiting stage of plant life. In some aspects, the present invention relates to blending plant fertilizer constituents and more particularly, the present invention relates to tailoring the ratio of nutrients in a fertilizer composition by colorizing fertilizer constituents according to their nutrient content and mixing the colorized fertilizers until the resultant color matches a reference color associated with a desired fertilizer composition. In other aspects, the present invention relates to plant fertilizers that avoid the unavailability of calcium due to precipitation, and in additional aspects, dual-component plant fertilizers and related kits and methods are provided that permit admixing of only two fertilizer concentrates while avoiding deleterious precipitation of reactive moieties.

Abstract: A water-dispersible particle for delivery of fertilizer to a plant is disclosed. After delivery wetting of the particles causes particle dispersion so as to prevent secondary pick up to the particles. Methods for making and using the water-dispersible particle are described.

Abstract: The invention provides polyester polyol compositions and resin blends, useful as components of polyurethane and polyisocyanurate polymers, produced from cyclohexane oxidation reaction byproducts, such as water extracts and non-volatile distillation residues from the reaction. Such byproducts of industrial processes for preparation of adipic acid and caprolactam, important intermediates in the production of various types of nylon, have hitherto largely been used only as fuels. The present invention provides value-added products, methods for making, and methods for using the byproduct-derived polyester polyol compositions. For example, the invention provides polyurethane (PU) and/or polyisocyanurate (PIR) polymers made using the polyol compositions and polyfunctional isocyanates. The PU and PIR polymers can be used as adhesives, binders (e.g., for wood fibers), coatings (e.g., for controlled release fertilizers), and foams.

Abstract: The present invention provides a slow and controlled release polymeric sulfur fertilizer containing multiple nutrient elements. The slow and controlled release polymeric sulfur fertilizer is represented by the following formula, in which m=1-4, and n=100-210. The element sulfur in the slow and controlled release polymeric sulfur fertilizer according to embodiments of the present invention has very high utilization rate.

Abstract: Increasing longevity of the nitrogen content of soil through improved liquid delivery formulations of urease inhibitors and/or nitrification inhibitors designed to apply to fertilizers, especially urea and manure based fertilizers These delivery formulations provide an environmentally sound and inherently safe solvating system that improves the storage stability of the urease inhibitors by utilizing aprotic solvents, maintain the urease inhibitors and/or nitrification inhibitors in solution to storage temperatures of at least 10° C. and provides improved application to fertilizer of urease and/or nitrification inhibitors. These delivery formulations enable safe storage, transport and subsequent application or blending with urea based or manure based fertilizers that can be applied to soil in either a liquid or granular form to provide improved nitrogen retention in the soil for uptake for plant life.

Abstract: An improved composition comprising substantial spherical UFP particles and an active agent, such as NBPT, and optionally other components is used as an additive for liquid and solid fertilizers, typically containing urea. Methods of making the compositions and their use are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to compositions and methods of delivering substances in a dry mode, wherein the compositions include a surface layer disposed on the outer surface of the composition that is permeable to carbon dioxide and oxygen. The compositions may be used to deliver microorganisms to remove contaminates, such as oil, chemical, waste, or sewage, from soil, water, or air. In other embodiments, the compositions can also be used for delivering liquid food, liquid food additives, liquid biotech agricultural ingredients, conventional liquid agricultural ingredients, liquid human wellness and dietary supplements, and liquid fragrances and beauty products.

Abstract: The invention is directed to processes for treating biosolids that result in high-value, nitrogen-containing, slow-release, organically-augmented inorganic fertilizer that are competitive with less valuable or more costly conventional commercially manufactured fertilizers. The process involves conditioning traditional waste-water biosolids and processing the conditioned biosolids continuously in a high throughput manufacturing facility. The exothermic design and closed loop control of the primary reaction vessel decreases significantly the amount of power necessary to run a manufacturing facility. The process utilizes green technologies to facilitate decreased waste and enhanced air quality standards over traditional processing plants. The fertilizer produced from recovered biosolid waste is safe and meets or exceeds the United States Environment Protection Agency (USEPA) Class A and Exceptional Quality standards and is not subject to restrictions or regulations.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improved urea-nitrogen stabilizer composition and methods, systems and apparatti for making thereof. The nitrogen stabilizer composition is incorporated into molten urea to result in a composition that contains less biuret, NMP, nitrogen stabilizer and/or impurities and provides an effective solid fertilizer. These compositions are useful in odor control.

Abstract: An agricultural fertigation method includes the continuous charging of crop-quality-enhancer-feedstock comprised of one or more crop-quality enhancers (fertilizers, soil amendments and the like) to an irrigation system upstream of the agricultural field being irrigated. The crop-quality-enhancer-feedstock is diluted upon so charging to a level within the system solubility limits and the stream of flowing irrigation water dampens the resultant dissolution exotherm. A system wherein crop-quality enhancers are efficiently continuously fed to the irrigation system main line or a side-arm mixing chamber efficiently implements the method.

Abstract: An agricultural fertigation method includes the continuous charging of crop-quality-enhancer-feedstock comprised of one or more crop-quality enhancers (fertilizers, soil amendments and the like) to an irrigation system upstream of the agricultural field being irrigated. The crop-quality-enhancer-feedstock is diluted upon so charging to a level within the system solubility limits and the stream of flowing irrigation water dampens the resultant dissolution exotherm. A system wherein crop-quality enhancers are efficiently continuously fed to the irrigation system main line or a side-arm mixing chamber efficiently implements the method.

Abstract: An agricultural fertigation method includes the continuous charging of crop-quality-enhancer-feedstock comprised of one or more crop-quality enhancers (fertilizers, soil amendments and the like) to an irrigation system upstream of the agricultural field being irrigated. The crop-quality-enhancer-feedstock is diluted upon so charging to a level within the system solubility limits and the stream of flowing irrigation water dampens the resultant dissolution exotherm. A system wherein crop-quality enhancers are efficiently continuously fed to the irrigation system main line or a side-arm mixing chamber efficiently implements the method.

Abstract: An improved composition comprising a non-UFP solid carrier and an active agent, such as NBPT, and optionally other components is used as an additive for liquid and solid fertilizers, typically containing urea. Methods of making the compositions and their use are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for producing urea granules having low moisture absorption capacity, with a urea granulator, having a granule flow inlet side and oppositely a granule flow outlet side, forming an axis alongside which granules from a urea solution and a urea/ammonium salt-stream are formed, whereby the solution and the salt-stream are sprayed as a mixture or separately via a feed system unit via various nozzles into the granulator onto a seed material. In this process the highest amount of the salt-stream is sprayed into the granulator at the granule flow inlet side and the amount of the salt-stream is decreased alongside the axis of the granulator from the granule flow inlet side to the granule flow outlet side.

Abstract: Methods of treating a plant exposed to a phytotoxicant are provided. Embodiments of the subject methods include identifying a plant exposed to a phytotoxicant and applying an assimilable carbon-skeleton energy component-comprising composition to the identified plant. Embodiments of the subject compositions may include one or more of a macronutrient component, micronutrient component, vitamin/cofactor component, complexing agent and microbe. Kits for use in practicing the subject invention are also provided. The subject methods find use in a variety of different applications in which a plant is phytotoxic or at least in danger of becoming phytotoxic due to exposure or potential exposure to a phytotoxicant.

Abstract: The uptake of foliar-applied metal ion nutrients, for example, zinc, iron, magnesium and copper, is influenced by humidity. Specifically, uptake is negatively impacted if the zinc is applied under low humidity, as the metal ion is “locked up” by leaf waxes as the droplet dries on the surface of the leaf, thereby rendering the metal ion useless. Described herein is a foliar metal ion fertilizer comprising (a) a metal ion sulphate in combination with a mixture of (b) urea and (c) a substance with a suitable point of deliquescence (POD) such as organic surfactants, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride or combinations thereof.

Abstract: The subject of the invention is a composition containing at least 80 wt. %, with reference to the total weight of the composition, of a magnesium-sulfate-urea compound of Formula (I): [MgSO4.m CO(NH2)2.n H2O]??(I), in which m is in the range from 0.9 to 1.1 and n is in the range from 2.1 to 3.1, where the composition, with reference to the total weight of the composition, contains less than 10 wt. % free MgSO4 in the form of the anhydrate or in the form of urea-free hydrates of the magnesium sulfate, such as magnesium sulfate or magnesium-sulfate hexahydrate and/or less than 10 wt. % uncombined urea. In particular, m in Formula (I) indicates the value 1. In particular, n in Formula (I) indicates the value 3. The invention also concerns the manufacture of the compositions and their utilization as fertilizers or fertilizer additives.

Abstract: A method for producing coated water-soluble particles in a manner to form two or more coating layers on surfaces of the water-soluble particles, characterized by including: a step A wherein after supplying a first coating material that contains a polyol component and an isocyanate component, a second coating material is additionally supplied to surfaces of first coating bodies that have coating layers formed of the first coating material that has not been sufficiently cured, so that second coating bodies that are provided with coating layers of the second coating material are obtained.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process of stabilizing spent filter material that comprises mixing the filter media with a dry media to produce a composition having a moisture content that is sufficiently low to retard microbial growth. The composition comprises spent filter media and a dry material, and preferably comprises diatomaceous earth. Soil is treated by adding the composition as a top dressing, soil amendment, or the like.

Abstract: The present invention provides polynucleotides and related polypeptides related to urea uptake. The invention provides genomic sequences for urea transporter, urease and glutamine synthetase genes. Urea transporters, urease and glutamine synthetase are responsible for controlling nitrogen utilization efficiency in plants. Urea transporter, urease or glutamine synthetase sequences are provided for improving grain yield and plant growth. The invention further provides recombinant expression cassettes, host cells and transgenic plants.

Abstract: A controlled release fertilizer material comprising a particulate plant nutrient surrounded by a coating of a mixture including an isocyanate and a polyol, and further comprising a modified wax that may include a polyhydroxyl compound in which the wax and/or the polyhydroxyl compound are cross-linked with a sulfur or oxygen or a peroxide cross-linking moiety. In certain embodiments, the wax and polyhydroxyl compound are cross-linked at unsaturated sites in the wax or polyhydroxyl compound using heat, UV or ionizing radiation.

Abstract: Solutions are prepared by dissolving N-(n-butyl)-thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) in one or more N-substituted morpholines and mixtures thereof. The solutions may be used in urea fertilizers to reduce nitrogen volatilization, or to reduce the odor of animal waste or urine. Methods of preparing urea fertilizers and the resultant products are also described.

Abstract: A controlled release fertilizer composition and methods to produce the controlled release fertilizer composition. The controlled release fertilizer composition includes a fertilizer core that is coated with a polymeric layer, such as polyurethane, that includes an organic carbonate additive.

Abstract: The present invention provides a boron-containing synergistic urea and preparation method and application thereof, the boron-containing synergistic urea is a product obtained by mixing, dehydrating and pelletizing a mixed aqueous solution of polyaspartic acid chelated potassium (also referred to as “polypeptide chelated potassium”) and a borate amine salt together with molten urea, wherein the above three components are 0.04-0.12%, 0.08-0.24% and 99.64-99.88% by weight, respectively. The boron-containing synergistic urea provided by the present invention is obtained by effectively compositing polypeptide acid chelated potassium, borate amine salt and urea, which also can guarantee the application amount of effective boron, and meanwhile can help avoid excessive high local concentrations of boron, and achieve the purposes of prompting effective absorption of the plant to boron and of improving urea utilization rate.

Abstract: There is provided a liquid urease inhibitor formulation comprising an urease inhibitor and a primary solvent selected from the group consisting of dialkyl sulfones, polymethylene cyclic sulfones, and mixtures thereof. A method for inhibiting urease hydrolysis of urea containing fertiliser or waste using said liquid urease inhibitor formulation is also described.

Abstract: The present invention provides a stabilized pesticidal composition comprising at least one granular substrate material containing at least one metal chelate of 2-(2?-nitro-4?-methylsulphonylbenzoyl)-1,3-cyclohexanedione, a method of producing a stabilized granular pesticidal composition which comprises incorporating a metal chelate of 2-(2?-nitro-4?-methylsulphonylbenzoyl)-1,3-cyclohexanedione in to or on to a granular substrate material; and a method of killing or controlling weeds or unwanted vegetation (without damaging beneficial plants and or seeds) which comprises applying a herbicidally effective amount of the stabilized granular pesticide composition of the invention to the foliage, tissue or locus of the weeds or unwanted vegetation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a fertilizer comprising at least one microbe selected from the group consisting of Trichoderma viride (NRRL B-50520), Scopulariopsis brevicaulis (NRRL B-50521), Scopulariopsis brevicaulis (NRRL B-50522), and combinations thereof, and a substrate which is acted upon by the at least one microbe to release nitrogen. The invention also relates to a fertilizer comprising at least one microbe selected from a keratin degrading microorganism and a keratin substrate which is acted upon by the at least one microbe to release nitrogen. The invention further relates to a method for enhancing growth of plants with the fertilizer, and methods of making a fertilizer. The invention further relates to an isolated Trichoderma viride strain (NRRL B-50520) and two isolated Scopulariopsis brevicaulis strains (NRRL B-50521, NRRL B-50522).

Abstract: Fertilizers may include one or more additives that render the fertilizer more resistant to further processing such as thermal processing and/or aqueous-based processing that may otherwise be employed in the attempt to produce explosive materials from the fertilizer. The one or more additives may include materials that increase the chances of detection by providing a visual or olfactory indication of further processing. The one or more additives may include materials that make further processing more difficult or dangerous.