Abstract: A data communication method using forward error correction (FEC) includes: receiving at least one of symbols that constitute one encoding block unit; extracting information related to parameters that adjust an FEC encoding rate from the at least one symbol; determining whether an error may be corrected based on the extracted information related to the parameters and a number of symbols with errors from among the symbols that constitute the encoding block unit; and transmitting feedback information related to the symbols prior to the symbols that constitute the encoding block unit being completely received based on the determination of whether an error may be corrected.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are provided for constructing a punctured polar code in the encoding and decoding field to improve decoding performance of a punctured polar code and reduce a frame error rate of the punctured polar code. The method is as follows: comparing a phase sequence number of a current bit channel with a period index of a puncturing pattern to obtain a comparison result; obtaining a transition probability of the bit channel according to the comparison result and bit parity conditions of a sequence number of the bit channel in each phase; obtaining a reliability value of each bit channel according to the transition probability; and determining an information bit index set according to the reliability values.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for enhanced parallel bit-interleaving. The parallel bit-interleaving may include, in each of a plurality of cycles, reading a number of bits from an input bitstream; processing the read bits, with the processing including applying a first adjustment to a first combination of bits that includes the read bits and additional bits, wherein each of the additional bits includes a previously read bit in the input bitstream or a pre-set bit; when one or more conditional criteria are met, applying a second adjustment to a second combination of bits that includes bits corresponding to previously read bits, wherein the conditional criteria include completing processing of a full column; writing into memory a number of bits corresponding to the first combination of bits and/or the second combination of bits; and reading from the memory a number of bits, for generating an output corresponding to the particular cycle.

Abstract: Bit-flip coding uses a bit-flip encoder to flip bits in a redundancy-intersecting vector of a binary array having n rows and n columns until Hamming weights of the binary array are within a predetermined range ? of n divided by two. Information bits of an input data word to the bit-flip coding apparatus are stored in locations within the binary array that are not occupied by n redundancy bits of a redundancy vector.

Abstract: A Transmitting Node (TN) 102 and a method therein for providing enhanced channel coding of a packet transmitted in a communications network 100. The TN applies, to payload data, an outer channel encoder resulting in a plurality of outer code bits. Further the TN applies an inner channel encoder to the plurality of outer code bits. Furthermore, the TN divides resulting code bits of the inner channel encoder into a first group and one or more second groups. Yet further, the TN generates a first set of OFDM symbols carrying at least a part of the first group, and second sets of OFDM symbols carrying at least a part of the one or more second groups. The TN transmits a packet comprising the first set of OFDM symbols followed by the second sets of OFDM symbols, whereby an enhanced channel coding of the transmitted packet is provided.

Abstract: Embodiments relate to a system with multiple erasure codes, and selecting and encoding for a write file with one of the codes to mitigate costs associated with storage recovery. The codes include a fast recovery code for frequently accessed data and a higher storage efficiency code for less frequently accessed data. State data is tracked to ascertain frequency of access to the file. One of the erasure codes is dynamically selected based on the tracked data, with the focus of the code select to lower recovery costs, and the data is encoded with the selected erasure code. Accordingly, the original coding of the write file is subject to change based on the tracked state data.

Abstract: A technique to accelerate Galois Field (GF) arithmetic. The technique, which does not rely on any specific processor instruction set, can be used to accelerate erasure coding within storage systems.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a control unit determines a first physical sector in which first data is to be written among a plurality of physical sectors based on first information that is based on a result of the first data translation and the device characteristics of the plurality of physical sectors. A write unit writes data for which a first data translation is performed into the first physical sector of a nonvolatile memory.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for providing a security communication are provided. A device generates an output bit sequence by applying a polar code scheme to an input bit sequence and transmit the output bit sequence to a target receiver. The output bit sequence is generagted based on a double layer polar coding scheme.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method for re-transmitting data, wherein the method at a User Equipment (UE) side comprises: receiving, by a UE, a re-transmitted data packet from a base station, determining whether to perform data combination according to a Signal to Interference-Noise Ratio (SINR) of a first-transmitted data packet and a SINR of the re-transmitted data packet; when it is determined to perform data combination, performing, by the UE, data combination for the re-transmitted data packet according to information buffered by the UE and detecting the re-transmitted data packet according to a result of performed data combination; or when it is determined not to perform data combination, detecting, by the UE, the re-transmitted data packet. The present disclosure also provides a method for re-transmitting data at a base station side and a UE for implementing the above method.

Abstract: A system, method, and storage medium provide dynamic, packet-based adaptive forward error correction over a lossy bidirectional data communication medium that couples a transmitting device to a receiving device. The transmitting device repeatedly transmits encoded data packets formed by applying, to unencoded data, a forward error correction (FEC) algorithm having a level N that indicates a number of correctable errors. The receiving device attempts to decode the encoded data packets using the FEC algorithm, requesting retransmission of a packet if there are too many errors to correct. The transmitting device decreases the level N when it does not receive such a request within a given duration. By contrast, the transmitting device increases the level N when it receives a sequence of such requests having a threshold length, each request being received less than the given duration after the previous request.

Abstract: A method of characterizing a distribution of a maximum number of errors that first cause uncorrectable error correction code failure for hard low density parity check codes includes selecting a low density parity check code, generating encoded data with the low density parity check code and writing the encoded data to a number of memory blocks, reading the encoded data from the number of memory blocks and determining any pages having a first uncorrectable error correction code failure, determining a number of raw bit errors for each page having a first uncorrectable error correction code failure, incrementing an error count value corresponding to each of the numbers of raw bit errors determined, and repeating the generating, reading, determining, and incrementing steps for a predetermined range of values of a predetermined reliability statistic of the memory blocks.

Abstract: A method for decoding a channel code by a communication apparatus in a wireless communication system is disclosed. The method includes determining whether a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) of a block including a codeword having a first quality of service (QoS) has been decoded successfully by decoding the codeword having the first QoS, and if the CRC of the block has been decoded successfully, decoding a first codeword corresponding to the codeword having the first QoS, and determining whether a transport block (TB) CRC has been decoded successfully by checking the TB CRC.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a data sending method and apparatus, which resolves a problem that performance of a high coding rate LDPC code obtained in an existing puncturing manner based on a variable node degree distribution is relatively poor. The method includes: encoding, by using an LDPC code check matrix, an information bit that needs to be sent, to obtain a codeword sequence; determining a puncturing priority of each parity bit in the codeword sequence according to row destruction and/or cycle destruction, on the LDPC code check matrix, of a variable node corresponding to each parity bit; puncturing the codeword sequence according to the puncturing priority of each parity bit in the codeword sequence; and generating a bit sequence according to the punctured codeword sequence, and sending the bit sequence. In this way, performance of an obtained high coding rate LDPC code is improved.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure provide a method in a source node for transmitting data in an OFDM system in which data are transmitted on frequency bands from the source node to a destination node, the method comprising: selecting a set of frequency bands from available frequency bands in the OFDM system; and transmitting data in frequency domain on the selected set of frequency bands to the destination node. Embodiments of the disclosure further provide a method at a destination node for receiving data in an OFDM system in which data are received on frequency bands from a source node, the method comprising: determining a set of frequency bands of available frequency bands on which data are to be received in frequency domain; and receiving the data on the determined set of frequency bands from the source node. Corresponding apparatuses are also provided.

Abstract: Efficient codeword synchronization methods and systems for fiber channel protocol are disclosed. The method includes identifying a codeword boundary by detecting 100-bit known patterns in a bit codeword in a transmission.

Abstract: A system includes a code rate selecting module and a matrix generating module. The code rate selecting module is configured to select a code rate of k/n to encode k units of data into n units of data using a low-density parity-check (LDPC) code, where k and n are integers greater than 1, and k<n. The matrix generating module is configured to generate a matrix with (R+S) rows and (C+S) columns, where R and C are integers greater than 1, R=C/n, and S is an integer greater than or equal to zero and denotes a number of columns of the matrix deleted after encoding the k units of data using the LDPC code.

Abstract: Techniques are described for decoding a codeword. In one example, the techniques include obtaining a first message comprising reliability information corresponding to each bit in the first codeword, determining a plurality of least reliable bits in the first codeword, and generating a plurality of flipped messages by flipping one or more of the plurality of least reliable bits in the first codeword. A number of the plurality of least reliable bits is equal to a first parameter and a number of flipped bits in each of the plurality of flipped messages is less than or equal to a second parameter. The method further includes decoding one or more of the plurality of flipped messages using a hard decoder to generate one or more candidate codewords.

Abstract: An apparatus for decoding a TPC codeword is disclosed. The apparatus includes a memory and a processor coupled to the memory. The processor is configured to receive a first set of soft information corresponding to the TPC codeword. The TPC codeword includes at least one codeword corresponding to each of first, second, and third dimensions. The processor is further configured to iteratively perform a first soft decoding procedure on the at least one codeword corresponding to the first dimension to generate a first candidate codeword and upon determining that the first candidate codeword is not a correct codeword, and perform a second decoding procedure on the at least one codeword corresponding to the third dimension to generate a second candidate codeword. The second decoding procedure generates a second set of soft information to be used at a later iteration of the first decoding procedure.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an apparatus for decoding is disclosed. The apparatus includes a memory and at least one processor coupled to the memory. The at least one processor is configured to obtain one or more parameters corresponding to a system, determine a plurality of settings corresponding to an adaptive soft decoding procedure for decoding a product code, wherein the plurality of settings are determined based on the one or more parameters using a trellis, and determine a decoded codeword by performing the adaptive soft decoding procedure on the received codeword, wherein the adaptive soft decoder utilizes the determined plurality of settings.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for transmitting interference related control information in order to improve reception performance of a UE which receives a downlink signal, in a cellular mobile communication system based on an Long Term Evolution-Advanced (LTE-A) system. A communication method of a UE according to an embodiment of the present invention includes receiving information on a resource allocation unit of an interference signal from an eNB; performing blind detection using information on the resource allocation unit of the interference signal; performing error-correcting coding using a transmission parameter for interference and a result obtained by the blind detection; and decoding reception data. According to an embodiment of the present invention, a reception performance of the UE can be improved through interference cancellation and suppression.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a controller writes first processed data acquired by a first process into a nonvolatile memory during a first period. The controller writes second processed data acquired by a second process into the nonvolatile memory during a second period. The first process is for the purpose of improving the endurance of memory cells. The second process is for the purpose of decreasing inter-cell interferences between adjacent cells.

Abstract: A syndrome weight of failed decoding attempts is used to select parameters for future read retry operations. The following exemplary steps are performed until a decoding success or a predefined limited number of readings is reached: (i) reading a codeword using different read threshold voltages; (ii) mapping the readings to a corresponding likelihood value using a likelihood value assignment; and (iii) recording a syndrome weight for failed decoding attempts of the readings using the different read threshold voltages.

Abstract: An apparatus is described that includes a semiconductor chip having memory controller logic circuitry. The memory controller logic circuitry has compression circuitry to compress a cache line data structure to be written into a system memory. The memory controller logic circuitry has adjustable length ECC information generation circuitry to generate an amount of ECC information for the cache line data structure based on an amount of compression applied to the cache line data structure by the compression circuitry. The memory controller logic having circuitry to implement a write process sequence for the cache line data structure that is specific for the cache line data structure's amount of compression and/or amount of ECC information and to implement a different write process sequence that is specific for another cache line data structure having a different amount of compression and/or ECC information as the cache line data structure.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method includes receiving data and in an iterative process until decoded data is output or a predetermined number of full iterations have occurred: C1 decoding all first subsets of the data, determining whether to stop decoding the data after the C1 decoding, incrementing a half iteration counter to indicate completion of a half iteration, C2 decoding all second subsets of the data two or more times in each half iteration using two or more C2-decoding methods in response to a determination that a second subset is not decoded successfully using a first C2-decoding method, determining whether to stop decoding the data after the C2 decoding, incrementing the half iteration counter to indicate completion of another half iteration, and outputting the set of decoded data in response to a determination that all subsets of the data are decoded successfully.

Abstract: Various embodiments are described of a system and method for improved SCL decoder operation. In particular, various embodiments are described which improve the efficiency of the buffer management based on updated path metric statistics. In some embodiments, the SCL decoder may perform selective replacement to limit the extent of LLR updates per row only to the statistics that have changed since the previous update cycle. In some embodiments, the SCL decoder may perform deferred updates, which may involves in-place calculation of both û?=0 and û?=1 bit estimate (LLR) updates based on the row from which the updated row will be derived.

Abstract: An apparatus for polar coding includes an encoder circuit that implements a transformation c=u1N-sBN-s{tilde over (M)}n, where u1N-s, BN-s, {tilde over (M)}n, and C are defined over a Galois field GF(2k), k>1, N=2k, s<N, u1N-s=(u1, . . . , uN-s) is an input vector of N-s symbols over GF(2k), BN-s is a permutation matrix, {tilde over (M)}n=((N?s) rows of Mn=), the matrix M1 is a pre-defined matrix of size q×q, 2<q, N=qn and n?1, and C is a codeword vector of N-s symbols. A decoding complexity of C is proportional to a number of symbols in C. The apparatus further includes a transmitter circuit that transmits codeword C over a transmission channel.

Abstract: A network includes first through third communication apparatuses. The second communication apparatus identifies, from packets received from the first communication apparatus, forwarding packets that are packets to be transmitted to the third communication apparatus, and measures the interval in receiving the forwarding packets. The second communication apparatus forwards the forwarding packets to the third communication apparatus. The second communication apparatus receives report information that reports the reception state of forwarding packets from the third communication apparatus, and uses the report information to select target packets that are packets for which success of reception has not been reported from the third communication apparatus in the packets that were forwarded to the third communication apparatus.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed to manage the enhanced medium access control-e (MAC-e) and enhanced MAC-es resources and respective variables for the enhanced dedicated channel (E-DCH) in the enhanced Cell_FACH state. Due to the nature of the E-DCH transmission in the uplink (UL) in the Cell_FACH state and the fact that a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) might set up and release the E-DCH resources more frequently, methods to deal with the TSN numbering are described.

Abstract: The present invention provides a preamble that is inserted into an OFDMA frame and has a common sequence for all the base stations participating in a transmission. The subscriber station performs fine synchronization using the common sequence on the common preamble, and the resulting peaks will provide the locations of candidate base stations. The base station specific search is then performed in the vicinities of those peaks by using base station specific pseudo-noise sequences. With this two stage cell search, the searching window is drastically reduced. The preamble is matched to known values by a respective receiver to decode the signals and permit multiple signals to be transferred from the transmitter to the receiver. The preamble may comprise two parts, Preamble-1 and Preamble-2, which may be used in different systems, including multioutput, multi-input (MIMO) systems.

Abstract: A digital device for streaming audio and/or video data has a signal processor configured to process blocks of samples of the audio and/or video data. The signal processor requires a block processing time to respectively process a block of samples. The digital device has an Audio Video Bridging interface configured to generate and transmit frames which include the processed blocks of samples as payload. The Audio Video Bridging interface is configured to set a transmit rate of the frames for at least one traffic class as a function of the block processing time.

Abstract: Described is a processor with a data storage structure operative to store data and a first error correction code that corresponds to the data. The processor further includes circuitry to compare the first and second error correction codes to obtain a comparison result. There are no errors in the data when the comparison result is equal to zero and there is at least one error in the data when the comparison result is not equal to zero. The circuitry corrects a single bit error of the data when the comparison result matches one of the unique combination of bit values of one of the plurality of bit groups in the generator matrix and corrects two consecutive data bits of the data when the comparison result corresponds to a predefined number of values as a result of an exclusive-or (XOR) operation performed on two consecutive bit groups of the generator matrix.

Abstract: A transmitting apparatus is provided. The transmitting apparatus includes: an encoder configured to perform a low-density parity check (LDPC) encoding on input bits using a parity check matrix to generate an LDPC codeword comprising information word bits and parity bits; an interleaver configured to interleave the LDPC codeword; and a modulator configured to map the interleaved LDPC codeword onto a modulation symbol, wherein the modulator is further configured to map a bit included in a predetermined bit group from among a plurality of bit groups constituting the LDPC codeword onto a predetermined bit of the modulation symbol.

Abstract: A transmitting apparatus is provided. The transmitting apparatus includes: an encoder configured to generate a Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) codeword by LDPC encoding based on a parity check matrix; an interleaver configured to interleave the LDPC codeword; and a modulator configured to map the interleaved LDPC codeword onto a plurality of modulation symbols, wherein the modulator is configured to map bits included in a predetermined bit group from among a plurality of bit groups constituting the LDPC codeword onto a predetermined bit of each of the modulation symbols.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the present disclosure adjusts the size (nm) of a message input to a corresponding check node in case the unsatisfied check equation increases as the iteration count increases. Another embodiment of the present disclosure relates to a method for selecting a message and grasps the data distribution characteristics of the message vector values converted using the signal to noise ratio (SNR) and modulation and coding scheme (MCS) parameters of the receiver to select the message value with a value smaller than the threshold value in each message vector.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for transmitting and receiving a packet in a broadcasting and communication system are provided. The method and apparatus allows a receiver to recognize data in a packet lost due to data loss occurring in a network. To this end, Forward Error Correction (FEC) control-related information is generated, a packet including the generated FEC control-related information is generated, and the packet is transmitted. The FEC control-related information includes at least one of FEC configuration-related information and FEC encoding configuration-related information.

Abstract: For each original data segment, a distributed storage processing unit generates encoded slices designed to prevent the original data segment from being reconstructed using fewer than a threshold number of encoded slices. Multiple encoded slices are generated for each of two different data segments, and the slices associated with the first and second data segment are stored substantially concurrently in different storage sets employing different distributed storage units. Encoded slices for even and odd data segments can be stored in different storage sets, or longer sequences of data segments can be stored in alternating storage sets. Storage sets can also be determined by the vault generation of a particular data segment.

Abstract: Writing to and reading from dynamic random access memory (DRAM) by a system on chip (SoC) over a multiphase multilane memory bus has power consumption optimized based on bit error rate (BER) and one or more thresholds. The bit error rate (BER) may be measured and used to control parameters to achieve optimal balance between power consumption and accuracy. The bit error rate (BER) measurement, purposely adding jitter, and checking against the thresholds is performed during normal mission-mode operation with live traffic. Error detection may cover every memory data transaction that has a block of binary data.

Abstract: A transmitting apparatus is provided. The transmitting apparatus includes: an encoder configured to generate a low-density parity check (LDPC) codeword by LDPC encoding of input bits based on a parity check matrix including information word bits and parity bits, the LDPC codeword including a plurality of bit groups each including a plurality of bits; an interleaver configured to interleave the LDPC codeword; and a modulator configured to map the interleaved LDPC codeword onto a modulation symbol, wherein the interleaver is further configured to interleave the LDPC codeword such that a bit included in a predetermined bit group from among the plurality of bit groups constituting the LDPC codeword onto a predetermined bit of the modulation symbol.

Abstract: A transmitting apparatus is provided. The transmitting apparatus includes: an encoder configured to generate a low density parity check (LDPC) codeword by LDPC encoding based on a parity check matrix; an interleaver configured to interleave the LDPC codeword; and a modulator configured to map the interleaved LDPC codeword onto a modulation symbol, wherein the modulator is further configured to map a bit included in a predetermined bit group from among a plurality of bit groups constituting the LDPC codeword onto a predetermined bit of the modulation symbol.

Abstract: A transmitting apparatus is provided. The transmitting apparatus includes: an encoder configured to generate a low-density parity check (LDPC) codeword by LDPC encoding based on a parity check matrix; an interleaver configured to interleave the LDPC codeword; and a modulator configured to map the interleaved LDPC codeword onto a modulation symbol, wherein the modulator is further configured to map a bit included in a predetermined bit group from among a plurality of bit groups constituting the LDPC codeword onto a predetermined bit of the modulation symbol.

Abstract: Disclosed are various embodiments for a streaming video application. The application downloads, decodes, and renders video frame data at different frame rates. Based on the differences between these frame rates, the downloading frame rate is adjusted to minimize performance degradation.

Abstract: A method for writing update data into a flash memory module to replace original data is provided. The flash memory module includes at least one block including a plurality of sectors. Each of the sectors records a flag. The data storing method includes: getting a first sector, wherein all the bits of the flag of the first sector are the second storage status; writing the update data into the first sector, and programming at least one bit as the first storage status and at least one bit as the second storage status in the flag of the first sector; identifying a second sector storing original data, wherein at least one bit of the flag of the second sector is first storage status and at least one other bit is second storage status; programming all the bits of the second sector as the first storage status.

Abstract: Presented herein are downstream recovery (error correction) techniques for an aggregated/consolidated media stream. In one example, a consolidated media stream that includes source media packets from one or more sources is sent to one or more downstream receiving devices. Based on the source media packets, one or more self-describing recovery packets for downstream error correction of the source media packets are generated. The self-describing recovery packets include a mapping to the source media packets used to generate the self-describing recovery packets, thereby avoiding the addition of error correction information in the consolidated media stream. The one or more self-describing recovery packets are sent to each of the downstream receiving devices as a separate stream.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are provided for a mobile communication system. The method includes generating at least one symbol group to which an orthogonal sequence is applied; determining one of a first antenna set and a second antenna set for mapping the generated at least one symbol group based on the a symbol group index and a physical hybrid automatic repeat request indicator channel (PHICH) group index; mapping the generated at least one symbol group to the determined antenna set; and transmitting the mapped at least one symbol group.

Abstract: A method for outputting data error status of a memory device includes generating data status indication codes indicating error status of data chunks transmitted by a memory controller, and combining the data status indication codes with corresponding data chunks to generate an output signal, and outputting the output signal to a data bus pin.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are provided for a mobile communication system. The method includes receiving a signal; determining location information of at least one symbol group; and acquiring the at least one symbol group, to which an orthogonal sequence is applied, from the signal, based on the location information. The at least one symbol group is mapped to one of a first antenna set and a second antenna set based on the a symbol group index and a physical hybrid automatic repeat request indicator channel (PHICH) group index.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are provided for a mobile communication system. The method includes generating a symbol group to which an orthogonal sequence is applied; determining one of a first orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol and a second OFDM symbol for mapping the generated symbol group based on a symbol group index and a physical hybrid automatic repeat request indicator channel (PHICH) group index; mapping the generated symbol group to the determined symbol; and transmitting the mapped symbol group.

Abstract: A transmitter apparatus and a receiver apparatus are provided. The transmitter apparatus includes: an encoder configured to generate a low density parity check (LDPC) by performing LDPC encoding; an interleaver configured to interleave the LDPC codeword; and a modulator configured to map the interleaved LDPC codeword onto a modulation symbol. The modulator maps a bit included in a predetermined group from among a plurality of groups constituting the LDPC codeword onto a predetermined bit in the modulation symbol.

Abstract: A method includes: constructing complementary low density parity check codewords by generating a first codeword having a first code rate; and partitioning the first codeword by assigning groups of bits of the first codeword to four quarter-partitions, wherein each of the quarter partitions includes bits in one half of one of four independently decodable semi-codewords each having a second code rate that is larger than the first code rate. Receivers that receive signals produced by the method are also disclosed.