Abstract: An apparatus and method for forming precision surface shapes on shaft-like parts comprises a pair of substantially cylindrical and rotatable dies having forming surfaces located adjacent a shaft-like part therebetween. The shaft-like part is located in a size control ring according to this invention and is concentric with an axis of rotation of the size control ring. Each of the dies includes a size control surface that pressurably engages the size control ring. The size control ring is sized so that the forming surfaces are located at a predetermined forming depth in the shaft-like part when a predetermined level of preload force is applied between the size control surfaces and the size control ring. It is contemplated that the size control ring experiences elastic deflection upon application of the predetermined preload. A size adjustment mechanism is provided to vary the preload applied by the dies on the size control ring and the part.

Abstract: The apparatus and process according to the invention relate to the cold forming by rolling of revolving parts (7).The apparatus comprises two identical milling wheels (9A, 9B) arranged symmetrically with respect to the part (7) to be formed and performing the same rotation movement at speed Vm and progressively moving towards the axis of the part to be formed (X1--X1). The part (7) performs a rotation movement at speed Vp such that Vp=Vm.multidot.N1/N2, N1 being the number of grooves on each wheel (9A, 9B), N2 the number of grooves to be formed on the part (7). An initial setting makes it possible to bring about coincidence between the grooves formed by each of the milling wheels on the part (7).The apparatus and process make it possible to obtain high precision parts.

Abstract: A device for non-cutting manufacturing of an annular part having external teeth includes a core tool that supports the blank from which the annular part is manufactured and is axially displaceable between two profiling rollers arranged diametrically opposite each other, and a separate rotating drive for each of the core tool and the two profiled rollers. The device further includes a computer element which controls the three rotating drives for synchronizing rotational speeds of the core tool and the two profiling rollers. The computer element also controls radial adjustment of the two rollers with their respective full-height regions with respect to the core tool by a calibration amount at the conclusion of the shaping operation.

Abstract: A method of preparing a gear blank for roll-finishing, essentially comprising the step of: while supporting a gear blank with pitch-line chucking, finish-sizing the central axial opening of the gear blank to a desired concentricity to promote accurate subsequent roll-finishing. Also, a method of making roll-finished gears, comprising: (a) preparing a near-net-shape gear blank, with external gear teeth and a central axial opening, by intimately engaging and supporting the gear blank between two opposing roll-finishing gear dies, without teeth finishing pressure; (b) finish-sizing the sides of said axial opening to attain a concentricity between the gear blank's intended tooth pitch circle and said sized sides that is within the range of 0.

Abstract: Each of the two, pivotal, roll supporting arms of a thread rolling attachment has therethrough adjacent the end thereof remote from its pivotal axis a bore in which one end of a cylindrical pattern roll supporting shaft is adjustably secured. The axis of the bore, and hence the axis of the shaft and the pattern roll mounted thereon, are inclined slightly to the pivotal axis of the roll supporting arm, so that the axis or rotation of the pattern roll will be inclined slightly to the axis of rotation of the stock which is to be engaged by the roll. The pattern roll is releasably attached to one end of the support shaft, and is drivingly connected to one end of an internal pin, which is mounted intermediate its ends for rotation in an axial bore which is formed through the support shaft. At its opposite end the pin is releasably connected to a roll gear to which rotation is imparted by the pin upon rotation of the pattern roll.

Abstract: For strengthening teeth of a toothed wheel, the bottom lands of the toothed wheel are pushed by a stamping tool against a backup gear for thereby causing residual compressive stress at locations extending from the bottom lands to roots of the teeth. The stamping tool has stamping projections which are angled at the tips thereof to have tapering ends and brought into contact at the tapering ends with the bottom lands of the toothed wheel. The stamping tool is axially movable relative to the work such that the tapering ends are brought into contact with the bottom lands of the toothed wheel at locations which are different axially of the toothed wheel.

Abstract: An apparatus (12) for cold sizing a round workpiece (14) having round surfaces of cylindrical shapes that are coaxial about a central axis A of the workpiece and have different diameters. A support (54,55) rotatably mounts the workpiece (14) about its central axis A between a pair of die assemblies (24a, 24b) which are spaced from each other. Each die assembly (24a,24b) includes a plurality of dies (56,58,60,62) that are respectively aligned with the round surfaces (46,48,50,52) of the workpiece (14). Movement of the die assemblies in opposite directions as each other engages sizing surfaces (66,68,70,72) of the dies with the aligned round surfaces of the workpiece to pressure size the workpiece surfaces. In one embodiment of the sizing apparatus (12), the die assemblies (24a, 24b) have elongated shapes and are moved rectilinearly in a parallel relationship to each other to perform the sizing.

Abstract: A pair of dies are provided of which die faces are formed with depressions sequentially brought into engagement with a particular portion of a workpiece as the workpiece rolls between the die faces. By compressing the workpiece while driving the same to roll between the die faces, an excess metal of the workpiece is caused to flow into the depressions sequentially for thereby forming an asymmetrical part of the article.

Abstract: The method and apparatus described herein produce a tubular shelf post having a plurality of spaced apart annular grooves along the length thereof and stamped indicia on the outside surface of the post at various groove locations. A grooving and stamping roller is utilized to simultaneously groove and stamp the post with indicia, such roller being substantially larger in diameter relative to the post whereby a single roller revolution is sufficient to groove and stamp the post thereby eliminating double stampings.

Abstract: A method and apparatus (12) for cold sizing a round workpiece (14) having round surfaces of cylindrical shapes that are coaxial about a central axis A of the workpiece and have different diameters. A support (54,55) rotatably mounts the workpiece (14) about its central axis A between a pair of die assemblies (24a, 24b) which are spaced from each other. Each die assembly (24a,24b) includes a plurality of dies (56,58,60,62) that are respectively aligned with the round surfaces (46,48,50,52) of the workpiece (14). Movement of the die assemblies in opposite directions as each other engages sizing surfaces (66,68,70,72) of the dies with the aligned round surfaces of the workpiece to pressure size the workpiece surfaces. In one embodiment of the sizing apparatus (12), the die assemblies (24a, 24b) have elongated shapes and are moved rectilinearly in a parallel relationship to each other to perform the sizing.

Abstract: A method for simultaneously forming splines and an annular groove in a metal piece having a central portion and ends on each side thereof, the method including the steps of forming a substantially U-shaped annular recess (56) along the central portion of the workpiece which has a flat base and spaced sidewalls which are spaced apart to a greater distance than the side walls of the groove (82) to be formed, deforming the recess (56) to initially form a groove (82) therein, progressively and simultaneously forming splines in the ends of the workpiece and forming the groove (82) in the recess of the workpiece, and moving metal outwardly and upwardly from the recess as the groove (82) is formed to fill the remainder of the recess (56) and form the sidewalls of the groove (82).

Abstract: An underfloor wheel set barring machine for retreading of wheel rim circumferences of railroad wheel sets. Two driven pairs of friction rollers can be pressed against a wheel rim circumference with the friction rollers of each pair being arranged to pivot parallel to the axis of the wheel set. A drive motor has first and second smooth belt drives having a common drive wheel driven by the motor. Each belt drive has an output wheel driving an input gear of a spur gear system. Two spur gear systems have upward members respectively driving the friction rollers. The output of each belt drive is coaxially arranged with the axis of its associated friction roller.

Abstract: A gelatine capsule includes a locking ridge having a smooth, rounded cross-section for improved locking characteristics with respect to the body portion of the capsule. The capsule cap is formed on a metal pin having a circumferential groove therein with a shape complimentary to that of the capsule groove. Each forming pin in shaped by rolling an unfinished pin between two rollers. The unfinished pin is supported by an anvil located just below the center line connecting the axes of rotation of the two rollers. One roller is preferably smooth and the other roller preferably has a cross-sectional profile complimentary to that of the ultimate capsule cap. The locking groove is formed in the cap pin by bringing the two rollers together so as to rotate the pin under great force thereby burnishing a smooth, rounded locking groove into the finished pin.

Abstract: A machine (10) for forming grooves and splines in workpiece (32) including a mounting assembly (26,28,34,36) defining a support axis for rotatably supporting the workpiece (32) for rotary movement about the axis, and dies (38,40;90,92) including opposed spline forming toothed work surfaces (46) spaced on opposite sides of the support axis for forming splines therein when the work surfaces (46) are moved relative to one another. Each of the dies (38,40;90,92) include a body portion (68) having an elongated straight slot formed therein transverse to the toothed work surfaces (46). A groove forming element (48) removably mounted in the slot simultaneously deforms the workpiece to form a groove as the toothed work surfaces (46) form spline in the workpieces. The groove forming element (48) has a constant width when viewed in transverse cross section and has a portion secured in the slot and a groove forming edge extending from the slot. The edge has leading portion and a trailing portion.

Abstract: An outboard thread rolling attachment for an automatic screw machine for rolling a pattern on a workpiece comprising:a roll arm yoke; a pair of roll arms supported by the yoke end diametrically opposed to each other relative to the axis of rotation of a workpiece placed therebetween; each roll arm having a rotatable shaft with a thread roll positioned at the lower end of each shaft; fluid pressure means including a first cylinder element, a first piston element and a wedge element connected to the roll arm yoke and in contact with and operable on and between the inner end of the roll arm.The first piston element comprises a second movable cylinder element and a second piston element having adjustment means for adjusting the travel of the wedge element.

Abstract: A burnishing machine and method employing a pair of oppositely disposed burnishing gears. The invention involves the use of two syncronously driven gears which operatively engage teeth on opposite sides of a spline or a gear. In one embodiment, for generally elongated articles, the axes of the workpiece and the gears are generally horizontal. In another embodiment for generally flat articles, the axes of the workpiece and the gears are generally vertical. In both embodiments the gears are rotated at an angular velocity sufficient to hold the workpiece translationally stationary. In the preferred embodiment the burnishing gears have different pressure angles and therefore burnish different portions of the workpiece tooth profile.

Abstract: A rotary forming machine assembly including a lower base (12) and a pair of spindle housings (14) including front (16) and rear (18) walls. The housings (14) are movably mounted on the base (12) for movement toward and away from one another. A tool spindle (20) is rotatably mounted between the front (16) and rear (18) walls of each of the housings (14) for rotation about spaced axes (B) to form a workpiece therebetween. The invention includes a deflection control bar (26) extending between and interconnecting the front walls (16) of the spindle housings (14). The control bar (26) limits the distance apart the (B) axes of the tool spindles (20) may move at the front walls (16) in response to the forming of a workpiece (22) between the tool spindles. The control bar is adjustably supported on the front walls (16) for selective movement in a direction parallel to a plane intersecting the axes (B).

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of manufacturing articles by deformation of cylindrical blanks, comprising heating the blanks (1), their transverse wedge forming followed by deformation of the end crops (3) by shearing blades, separating the end crops (3) from the formed blanks (2), and flashless forging of the formed blanks (2), separation of the end crops (3) from the formed blanks (2) being performed by reducing the speed of rotation of the end crops (3) after deformation down to a value ranging from .omega./2.5 to zero, where .omega. is the speed of rotation of the blank (2) during forming.

Abstract: A secondary working apparatus for secondarily machining a blank formed with internal serrations on a cylindrical plane, comprising a stationary housing structure, support means for supporting the blank with the center axis of the cylindrical plane fixed with respect to the housing structure, a plurality of shafts each having a center axis parallel with the center axis of the cylindrical plane and rotatable with respect to the housing structure about an axis coincident with the center axis of the shaft and an axis coincident with the center axis of the cylindrical plane, each of the shafts having a cylindrical eccentric axial portion having a center axis parallel with and radially offset from the center axis of the shaft, cylindrical machining tools coaxially carried on the eccentric axial portions of the shafts, respectively, and each having a center axis coincident with the center axis of the eccentric axial portion of each of the shafts, and an annular guide gear coaxially held in position about the center

Abstract: A secondary working apparatus for secondarily machining a blank preliminarily formed with internal serrations, splines or teeth on a cylindrical plane, comprising a stationary housing structure, support means for supporting the blank with the center axis of the cylindrical plane fixed with respect to the housing structure, a plurality of shafts each having a center axis parallel with the center axis of the cylindrical plane and rotatable with respect to the housing structure about an axis coincident with the center axis of the shaft and an axis coincident with the center axis of the cylindrical plane, each of the shafts having a cylindrical eccentric axial portion having a center axis parallel with and radially offset from the center axis of the shaft, and generally cylindrical machining tools coaxially carried on the eccentric axial portions of the shafts, respectively, and each having a center axis coincident with the center axis of the eccentric axial portion of each of the shafts, the machining tools incl

Abstract: A radial infeed thread roll attachment comprising a pair of jaw elements each having a thread roll mounted at one end and a roller secured on the other end, a housing, pivotally mounting the jaw elements in opposed relation thereon, a cam assembly mounted on the housing and having an inner portion having a wedge-shaped cam element at one end and a threaded member at the other end and an outer portion, a spring for forcefully maintaining the rollers in engagement with the cam element for preventing the rotation of the inner portion when the outer portion is rotated whereby rotation of the outer portion will result in the axial displacement of the inner portion relative to the outer portion, the outer portion having an outer axially fixed element and an inner axially displaceable element threadedly related to the inner portion threaded member, the outer element having an axially extending keyway and the inner element having an axially extending key, a hydraulic cylinder with an air-on-oil hydraulic booster or o

Abstract: A gear rolling machine in which a work gear and a conjugate gear-like rolling die are rotated in tight mesh with relative radial pressure of metal deforming intensity applied between the rotating members. The radial feed which applies the pressure is applied by a power train which includes a worm-worm gear combination driving a screw shaft-nut combination. After maximum pressure has been applied, the center distance is reduced by limited predetermined axial movement of the worm, without rotation, in which the worm acts as a rack to provide a predetermined limited rotation of the worm gear, and hence of the screw-nut combination.

Abstract: A tangential thread rolling head includes two threaded rollers supported for free rotation on two parallel shafts; each of said rollers is provided with an unbalancing weight which by the force of gravity automatically adjusts a predetermined starting position of the rollers irrespective of the angular position of the head.

Abstract: A machine for the rolling of cylindrical forms such as threads, worms, serrations, and annular forms, using two cylindrical dies whose axes are parallel or slightly skewed with respect to the axis of rotation of the workpiece, wherein the dies are supported on pivoting arms whose pivot points are cooperatively adjustable about a fixed horizontal centerline to provide for work diameter and die size changes. Workpiece size adjustment is achieved by a micrometer drawbar which can be either fixed for thru-feed work or hydraulically or mechanically actuated for infeed work. The dies are cooperatively driven by a central gearbox consisting of a hollow distributor gear flanked by two spindle drive gears, said drive gears being connected to the ends of the die spindles by universal joints.

Abstract: A knurling tool has a planar face plate with an orifice for receiving a workpiece therethrough. Slide blocks are slidably mounted in opposing planar slots in the face plate. Each slide block has a slot with a knurl bit mounted therein so that the knurl bits extend into the face plate orifice for pressing against the surface of the work piece. An adjustment screw is provided to adjust each slide block longitudinally along the slot in which it is mounted and to provide a means of forcing the knurl bit against the workpiece surface. A clamping screw is also provided to clamp each slide block in its slot. A machine mounting apparatus is also provided for attaching the tool to a machine such as a milling machine, lathe, or other such machine.

Abstract: Rods which are worked, for example, in a rolling mill by cross-wedge rolling are introduced into the mill by means of a second rod which is shifted forward for the length of the rod portion being worked, the second rod being subsequently returned through a distance exceeding an elongation of the worked rod during the rolling of the latter. The invention can be utilized for repeated feeding of rod-shaped elements, where a gap is required between the worked and the following supplied piece.

Abstract: There is disclosed apparatus for the discharge of unworkable waste bar ends adapted for use in the cross wedge rolling process to make possible a mechanized or automated production cycle. The disclosed apparatus comprises a guide connected to a swingable element controlled by a sensor and actuated by a motor, a channel for unworkable waste ends being arranged opposite the swingable element.

Abstract: In order properly to guide a workpiece in the course of cross wedge rolling, there are provided adjustable guide means within the working space of the rolling mill, and means for transmitting a rotary motion to the workpiece prior to the start of the rolling process proper.

Abstract: Apparatus for the cross wedge rolling of parts of bodies of revolution of reduced diameter, the apparatus including a tool having the shape of a cam, the active surfaces of which are parts of the surface of a body of revolution the axis of which is eccentric with respect to the axis of rotation of the tool, the tool having a calibration part advantageously following the reducing part of the tool.

Abstract: Workpieces for cross wedge rolling are fed first to an auxiliary trough provided with a sliding gate for removal of workpieces in case of an interruption of the operation of the rolling stand; the workpieces are fed from the auxiliary trough into a stand-by trough to be fed between the rolls of the rolling stand.

Abstract: A method for finish rolling workpieces of substantially circular cross-section to a selected diameter, in which the workpiece is engaged at circumferentially spaced portions by two rolls, at least one of which is driven for rotation about its axis, and in which at least one of the rolls is moved towards the other, until the portions of the rolls engaging the workpiece have reached a predetermined distance from each other in accordance with the selected diameter of the workpiece, and in which reaching of the predetermined distance is determined by measuring the distance of the peripheral surfaces of the rolls at selected points spaced from the portions thereof engaging the workpiece, and an apparatus for carrying out the method.

Abstract: Method of and apparatus for elongating a work piece axially while reducing it in diameter by subjecting it to rolling in a rolling mill having opposed similar rolls of the multiple wedge type rotating in the same direction through at least two revolutions. In a first revolution of the rolls the axially central part of the work piece is reduced in diameter by first sets of oppositely directed rolling members on the opposed rolls, and in the second revolution of the rolls the axially central part of the preliminarily rolled work piece is further reduced in diameter and axially elongated by second sets of oppositely directed rolling members on the opposed rolls.

Abstract: Improved roll-forming dies in a cross-rolling machine are described herein, which enable a shaped surface having any arbitrary inclination angle to be self-generated when a shaft portion of a stepped cylindrical article having a large diameter-reduction factor is formed by rolling. The improved dies are distinguished from the conventional ones in that a height of a die top portion contacting with a raw material rod with respect to a reference surface of said die is successively and continuously increased in the direction of advance of the die from a start point of a depression spreading portion of the die or its proximity up to a start point of a finishing portion or its proximity, and also in that a width of a shaping inclined surface of the roll-forming die is gradually reduced in the direction of the advance of said die from the start point of the depression spreading portion of said die or its proximity up to the start point of the finishing portion or its proximity.

Abstract: A method of forming sheaves of the type used in moving and guiding wire in wiremills. A sheet steel blank is freely rotatably carried on an arbor between two driven forming rollers and the rollers have peripheral edges which, when the rollers are forced toward the blank form an initial groove and progressively deepen the groove and spread the lips bounding the groove, while polishing and hardening the groove surfaces. The machine includes an arbor for freely rotatably holding a blank for the sheave, carriages for holding forming rollers and motor means for driving the rollers, and means for forcing the rollers into the blank which is disposed therebetween.

Abstract: A rotary forming machine and a rotary tool utilized therewith for performing a forming operation on a workpiece. A work spindle rotatably mounts the workpiece about a first axis and a pair of tool spindles which each support a plurality of the tools are rotatably mounted about spaced second axes on opposite sides of the first axis. Each tool has a partially circular forming face extending about the associated tool spindle axis for an angle less than 180 degrees with forming projections that engage the workpiece. Associated pairs of the tools on the two tool spindles cooperate with each other to simultaneously form the workpiece in an opposed relationship to each other. Each tool includes a metallic body with a leading end and a trailing end between which its forming face extends as do base and side wall surfaces. The rotary tools preferably have elongated shapes with maximum heights that are approximately 25 percent of their length.

Abstract: A centerless gear forming tool for cold rolling teeth on a gear blank in which the blank is inserted between a pair of gear forming rolls which are movable toward and away from each other. The rolls are urged toward each other by a spring, clamping the blank between them and are caused to rotate synchronously in the same direction. The gear rollers have lugs forming opposing surfaces which engage the blank when the gear rolls are rotated to an initial position. A latch initially holds the rolls apart so that the blank can be inserted between the rolls and clamped in position by rotating the opposing lugs into engagement with the blank. The latch is then released causing the blank to be also clamped between the rolls. Subsequent rotation of the rolls in the direction to move the lugs away from the blank operates to cold form the teeth in the blank under the pressure of the spring.

Abstract: Apparatus suitable for adjusting the phase between the roll dies in a cross rolling machine, the apparatus comprising a die roll mounted on a roll shaft for rotation by the roll shaft, a boss fixedly secured to the roll shaft for rotation therewith and a drive gear coaxial with the boss, and coupled to the boss, so as to be angularly adjustable with respect thereto, by means of an eccentric cam shaft, whereby rotation of the cam shaft causes angular displacement between the driving gear and the roll shaft.

Abstract: A cross-rolling machine including a device for holding a workpiece between the rolls during a forming operation, the device comprising a pair of guide boards each mounted on a frame assembly including a guide bar, so as to be arranged one on each side of the workpiece when the machine is in use, each guide board being movable from the machine frame integrally with its frame assembly by sliding movement of the guide bar along a guide track on the machine frame.

Abstract: A method of roll forming an annular workpiece to a desired shape from a workpiece having dimensions within a tolerance range, in which the difference in weight between the workpiece and a nominally sized workpiece is determined and the workpiece is then roll formed to its desired shape by being squeezed between at least two rotating forming members which advance relatively towards one another to a fully advanced position to impress the desired shape into the workpiece followed by maintaining the forming members at their fully advanced position to complete the roll forming for a period of time known as the dwell time.

Abstract: A thread-rolling head comprises three crank-like support pieces, each bearing a thread roller, protruding from a support member in which they are mounted. A control member is held unrotatably on the support member while a bearing member held in front of the support member is rotatable and stop means are operative between the bearing and the support member to transmit to the latter a torque received from the workpiece through the thread rollers; the stop means is rendered inoperative when the bearing means is caused by the workpiece to move forwardly, whereby the torque will aid a spring in rotating the bearing member to pivot the support pieces in order to remove the thread rollers from the workpiece.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing stepped bushings for chains characterized in that opposite ends of a cylindrical bushing blank body are formed into reduced diameter portions by application of roll pressure and form rolling.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for rollingly forming a cylindrical member having a reduced diameter portion at its intermediate portion by using a cross-rolling forming apparatus. The width in cross-section each of the dies in the rolls of the apparatus is gradually varied or decreased as the working of the member advances by providing clearance surfaces in the beveled side surfaces of the dies at an appropriate escape angle so that the surfaces in the member which have been worked by the dies are held clear of the side surfaces of the dies.

Abstract: A rotary forming machine and a rotary tool utilized therewith for performing a forming operation on a workpiece. A work spindle rotatably mounts the workpiece about a first axis and a pair of tool spindles which each support a plurality of the tools are rotatably mounted about spaced second axes on opposite sides of the first axis. Each tool has a partially circular forming face extending about the associated tool spindle axis for an angle less than 180 degrees with forming projections that engage the workpiece. Associated pairs of the tools on the two tool spindles cooperate with each other to simultaneously form the workpiece in an opposed relationship to each other. Each tool includes a metallic body with a leading end and a trailing end between which its forming face extends as do base and side wall surfaces. The rotary tools preferably have elongated shapes with maximum heights that are approximately 25 percent of their length.