Abstract: In an exhaust housing part of a motor vehicle, particularly for an exhaust muffler or an exhaust gas catalyst of an automobile, with a sheet blank as a semi-finished part which, after a stamping process in a tool, forms an upper half shell or a lower half shell of a half-shell muffler or catalyst; or after a wrapping process in a tool, forms a wrapped exhaust gas funnel or cylinder, or an exhaust gas pipe connection; it is proposed to prefabricate the sheet blank as an integral, profiled sheet metal part of differing thickness, with at least one strip section of smaller thickness, and at least one strip section of greater thickness which locally reinforces the finished exhaust housing part (half shell, funnel, cylinder or pipe connection) at least in one wall region.

Abstract: In a process by which a distal end support member of an endoscopic treatment tool that has a drive mechanism holding groove portion and a sheath coupling portion is fabricated, a drive mechanism holding groove portion is formed by forging that portion of a cylindrical metal stock which is closer to its front end such that it is extruded along the longitudinal axis to form a slit of gap in the middle while the sheath coupling portion is formed by forging that portion of the metal stock which is closer to its rear end such that it is extruded in an annular shape in a direction opposite the first direction of extrusion.

Abstract: An automatic system of manufacturing ball studs for vehicles which establishes various processes inline to diagnose each process and perform production and inventory control.

Abstract: The method for manufacturing a metal material with an intermediate hollow and two solid end portions includes a step for preparing a first mold for manufacturing a roughly-shaped metal material with a first inner solid end hollow and a lengthwise intermediate hollow of a preset length. A conical portion is formed around am outer end hole of the mold. The outer conical end of the metal material is pressed in the intermediate hollow to form a second outer end portion of the metal material. Thus, a finished product of metal material with two solid end portions and an intermediate hollow is manufactured. Such a method can surely simplify the processes of manufacture, lowing the cost of production, and strengthening the integrated structure of products.

Abstract: A method of operating a forging press having a plurality of tool stages between which workpieces are advanced in succession. Each tool has two identical dies with a center-to-center spacing of half the stroke of a transporter for advancing the workpieces from stage to stage so that in each stage during each forging stroke of the press only one die is in contact with the workpiece while the other die is unused and in the next working stroke, the unused die engages the workpiece and the previously used die is unused. The result is a minimization of the contact time of workpieces with any given die and hence an increase in the life of the dies for a given press output or enhanced output of the press with equal or reduced die wear.

Abstract: A manufacturing method is provided that produces a tubular metallic shell for spark plugs. The metallic shell has a tapered part in the outer periphery to provide a seal. The tapered part can be formed into a desired shape by cold forging operation. A first processed part has a first tapered part with a tapering angle A formed in the first processing step. In the second processing step, the first tapered part is transformed into a second tapered part having a tapering angle B. This is accomplished by utilizing a stepped inner cavity with a second molding die with a tapered bearing surface having a tapering angle B which is greater than the tapering angle A. In the third processing step, the second tapered part is transformed into a third tapered part with a tapering angle C. This is accomplished by utilizing a stepped inner cavity with a third molding die with a tapered bearing surface having a tapering angle C which is smaller than the tapering angle B.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a spline shaft, comprising ironing a hollow stock by cold forging and forming splines in a desired portion of said hollow stock by cold forging by using its work harden state. This method makes it possible to reduce the weight of a product by using a hollow stock, and to prevent buckling of the material of the hollow stock during the formation of splines owing to work-hardening caused by the ironing. Further, a predetermined root strength can be ensured without requiring induction hardening. Accordingly, a reduction in weight is achieved, and the production speed and yield are improved.

Abstract: A device comprising an outer body (6) integral with a guide tube (4) defining on its own a blind ring-shaped cavity (40) axially oriented wherein a piston (3) moves guided by the guide tube (4). The guide tube (4) is produced by impact extrusion. The invention is applicable to motor vehicles.

Abstract: A method for producing a unitary toothed part with a shaft and the resulting products. In the process, a blank is formed. The blank includes a shaft part and a flange part. The flange part having a thicker outer diameter and a thinner inner diameter. The outer diameter is formed into a tubular part by drawing. A plurality of teeth and remnants are formed by extruding the tubular part. At least one spline is formed by extruding the shaft part. Through the steps of forming, drawing, and extruding, a blank is made into a unitary part having teeth and a shaft thus increasing precision, rigidity, durability, and reducing forming costs.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a hollow rack bar having a flat portion thick enough, which prevents difficulty in pulling out a core after press working. The flat portion is formed by inserting the core having an approximately central depression in the longitudinal direction into a steel pipe and pressing the steel pipe from the outside by an upper and a lower dies. Subsequent to the formation of the flat portion, rack teeth are formed by placing the steel pipe in a tooth profile forming die and forcibly inserting a mandrel into the steel pipe.

Abstract: In production of hollowed rack bars from steel tubes for use in steering equipment for automobiles and so on, a part of length of the steel tube to be processed and its adjacent parts is held in split dies encircling a whole circumference of the tube except for the dies having a hole coinciding with the part of the tube to be processed. Then, a punch is inserted into the hole at a state of the dies closed for flattening the part of the tube, and then mandrels are pushed into an inside of the tube for ironing from the inside to form a rack pattern, at a state of a rack forming die being inserted into the hole and held in contact with the flattened part of the tube.

Abstract: A forging press includes a die set having a stationary die, a movable die in facing-but-spaced-apart relation to the stationary die along a press axis and defining a workpiece volume therebetween, and an exterior constraint extending circumferentially around the workpiece volume. The movable die has a base level region lying generally in a workpiece plane perpendicular to the press axis, and three rotationally symmetric segments raised above the base level region. Each of the segments forms an angular segment of a disk having an included segment angle and that is angularly separated from the other segments. A press mechanism includes a axial drive operable to move the movable die in a direction parallel to the press axis, and an indexing drive operable to rotate the movable die about the press axis by an indexing rotational angle.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a blank raw material for a hose end fitting includes several steps, The method includes providing a rod-shaped material having a socket end and a screw-connecting end, and forming at the socket end of the rod-shaped material a pipe-shaped socket portion and a rod-shaped nipple portion surrounded by the pipe-shaped socket portion. A flange portion is formed having a diameter larger than that of the socket portion in an intermediate portion of the rod-shaped material by fitting a second pipe-shaped mold to the screw-connecting end so as to sandwich and compress the intermediate portion between the first pipe-shaped mold and the second pipe-shaped molds A screw-connecting portion is formed at the screw-connecting end by inserting a punch in a center portion of the rod-shaped material when an external periphery of the rod-shaped material is supported by the second pipe-shaped mold.

Abstract: A handlebar stem fabrication method includes the steps of (a) selecting a metal ingot subject to the cavity of a first forming die and then operating the first forming die to process the selected metal ingot into an embryonic form having a front end section, (b) operating a second forming die to process the embryonic form into an initially processed form having a middle body section integral with the front end section, (c) operating a third forming die to processing the initially processed form into a secondarily processed form having a hollow rear end with a closed bottom wall and a rear end lug raised from the periphery of the hollow rear end, and (d) processing the secondarily processed form a finished handlebar stem by: cutting the closed bottom wall away from the hollow rear end of the secondarily processed form, making a split at the hollow rear end of the secondarily processed form to separate the rear end lug into two separated lugs, and then drilling two vertically spaced mounting holes at the two se

Abstract: A strut for mechanically coupling a driving member to a driven member in a planar one-way clutch is formed in a progressive die from a length of cold-formed metallic stock material such that the strut's diametrical member-engaging end surfaces are coextensive with a pair of cold-formed surfaces of the stock material. A pair of oppositely-projecting "ears" are integrally formed on the strut proximate to one of its end surfaces at one station of the progressive die. The ears cooperate with a complementary recess or pocket formed in one member's planar clutch face to thereby nominally position and maintain the strut's first end surface within the pocket. A surface on each ear is preferably coined at another station of the progressive die to thereby provide a relief which prevents deleterious contact between the ears and the opposed clutch face of the other clutch member.

Abstract: A method combining isothermal and high retained strain forging is described for Ni-base superalloys, particularly those which comprise a mixture of .gamma. and .gamma.' phases, and most particularly those which contain at least about 40 percent by volume of .gamma.'. The method permits the manufacture of forged articles having a fine grain size in the range of 20 .mu.m or less. The method comprises the selection of a fine-grained forging preform formed from a Ni-base superalloy, isothermal forging to develop the shape of the forged article, subsolvus forging to impart a sufficient level of retained strain to the forged article to promote subsequent recrystallization and avoid critical grain growth, and annealing to recrystallize the microstructure. The method permits the forging of relatively complex shapes and avoids the problem of critical grain growth. The method may also be used to produce location specific grain sizes and phase distributions within the forged article.

Abstract: A forge-molding method for forming a constant velocity joint outer ring comprising a shaft and a cup formed integral with and expanding radially and outwardly from one end of the shaft is provided. The method uses an ironing die apparatus which is provided with a lower molding die, an upper molding die and an ironing punch. The lower molding die is provided with a first cavity formed to have a final degree of product accuracy with respect to the shaft and adapted to apply a final ironing process to the shaft, while the upper molding die is provided with a second cavity for restraining the outer peripheral surface of the cup. Consequently, the accuracy of concentricity between the shaft and the cup can be securely maintained in a simple manner and a sufficient degree of accuracy of the inner peripheral surface and/or the inner diameter of the cup can be effectively secured.

Abstract: A forging press includes a die set having a stationary die, a movable die in facing-but-spaced-apart relation to the stationary die along a press axis and defining a workpiece volume therebetween, and an exterior constraint extending circumferentially around the workpiece volume. The movable die has a base level region lying generally in a workpiece plane perpendicular to the press axis, and three rotationally symmetric segments raised above the base level region. Each of the segments forms an angular segment of a disk having an included segment angle and that is angularly separated from the other segments. A press mechanism includes a axial drive operable to move the movable die in a direction parallel to the press axis, and an indexing drive operable to rotate the movable die about the press axis by an indexing rotational angle.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method of manufacturing a joint housing, in particular for vehicle track rods, having an integral shaft with an internal thread designed to hold a longitudinal pin, the housing being produced from a blank with a ball-like enlargement at one end. In order to ensure low manufacturing costs and low consumption of energy and materials, a longitudinal cavity with a diameter exceeding that of the internal thread and a length exceeding that of the threaded section is first produced in the shaft of the blank by rearwards cup extrusion and the diameter of the threaded section subsequently reduced to that of the thread core while at the same time shaping the surface of the wall to give a flat key face, the overall process being a cold-forming one. Finally, both the external and internal features of the housing are produced by heading, cupping, punching and forming to size perpendicular to the longitudinal axis in the region of the enlargement.

Abstract: A female die of a closed die set for use in near net warm forging a part includes a cavity having a tapered upper portion and a lower portion. The upper portion is configured to support a workpiece at a preliminary position in the cavity, and to cause the workpiece to be pre-bent as it is moved through the upper portion of the cavity by a punch. The lower portion has a constant length and width so that the workpiece remains in the pre-bent shape during movement through the lower portion to the bottom end of the cavity. The workpiece is finally formed at the bottom end of the cavity to produce the part.

Abstract: An adjustable hinge mount in which a first hinge member is fixed to a seat proper or frame and a second hinge member fixed to the seat back comprises a control arrangement acting on a bearing plate with upper teeth for locking engagement with internal teeth of the second hinge member. The bearing plate is guided by spaced guide walls of the first hinge member and pushed by an elevated portion of a cam pivotable about an axle together with a lever which is pivotable about the axle. Pivoting the lever to an unlocking or released position causes the cam to disengage from the internal teeth.

Abstract: A method of forming integrally an axis on a metallic plate at an arbitrary position thereof and perpendicular to a surface thereof. A first surface of the metallic plate is place on a first die having a first diameter opening and a second surface of the metallic plate, opposing the first surface, is pressed with a first punch to form a projection from the first surface via half blanking or forward squeezing. The projection has a tip surface extending into the first diameter opening a first distance from the first surface. The first surface of the metallic plate is then placed on a second die having a depression with the projection extending into the depression. The depression has a second diameter and a depth distance greater than the first distance. The second surface of the metallic plate is then contacted with a second punch causing the tip surface of the projection to contact a bottom surface of the depression and form the axial projection via rear-squeezing.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a shoe of a swash plate-type refrigerant compressor for vehicle is disclosed. The method comprises a first step, in which a spherical protrusion is made on a first side surface of a plate material by a press operation. The method comprises a second step, in which the spherical protrusion is punched from the plate material to form a shoe intermediate shape. The method further comprises a third step, in which the shoe intermediate shape is forged to form a final shoe shape. The two press operation steps for forming the shoe intermediate shape and punching it from the plate material may be performed by continuously feeding the plate material into a press machine. Thus, shoes having improved dimensional accuracy may be obtained because the necessary amount to be deformed during the forging step is reduced.

Abstract: Using the described method it is possible to manufacture an armature housing of a slide valve integrally including the connection sockets. The method makes use of two forging processes, which are both carried out in the same forging mould (1): The first forging process is designed as a forward flow pressing process, in which the blank (3) is forced into the lower region of the mould cavity (2) with the aid of a first mandrel (4) and thereby also fills the cylindrical recesses (2b) of the mould cavity (2), which correspond to the subsequent connection sockets. The second forging process is designed as a return flow pressing process, in which, by means of a second mandrel (5) having corresponding dimensions, the entire interior (12) of the subsequent armature housing is formed with the exception of the supply and outflow ducts which penetrate the connection sockets.

Abstract: A process of forming a rivet from a sheet of metal, typically double reduced steel, by producing a blister surrounded by an annular configuration in a first operation or first stage. A second operation or second stage forms the blister into a boss by flattening the annular corrugation between a die and a support so as to push metal back toward the center of the blister. Finally, the boss is converted into an upstanding hollow rivet.

Abstract: A grease fitting is made by forming its outer shell in a series of cold forging steps to make a blank with the necessary thread blank at one end, a hexagonal center portion, and with a grease-fitting-mating nipple outline at the other end. Threads are rolled onto the thread blank, and the grease-gun-mating nipple is rolled to smooth and burnish its surface. The grease fitting is then successively drilled to make a hole of three different diameters to form the one-way valve ball seat and two ball spring clearance diameters. The ball and spring are inserted, and the end of the hole is formed over the end of the spring to capture the spring into place.

Abstract: An apparatus for forming a slot in a semi-product of a bolt prior to thread formation includes a punch and a die mechanism. The die mechanism includes a tubular member, and an elongated die member formed integrally with a slot-forming plate which is located at a front end portion thereof and which has a uniform-thickness flat middle portion and two side portions that are wider than the middle portion. The semi-product can be compressed between the punch and the slot-forming plate of the die member in a central bore in a high-hardness block, which is fixed in the tubular member, to form the slot. Accordingly, the slot has a uniform-width middle portion and two end portions which are wider than the uniform-width middle portion. When threads are formed on the semi-product by means of a lathe, no projections are created in the uniform-width middle portion of the slot, thereby permitting a wedge-shaped end of a screwdriver to engage fittingly the uniform-width middle portion of the slot.

Abstract: A method for forming a projection for projection welding includes the steps of: bending a workpiece such that a first end side portion located on one side of the bent portion is perpendicular to a second portion that is located on the opposite side of the bent portion, and pressing the workpiece between a punch and a V-shaped groove of a die. The pressing of the workpiece causes the first portion to the further bent toward the second portion until the inboard surface of the first portion is brought into contact with the second portion. During the pressing step, the outboard surface of the first portion is brought into contact with one surface of the groove while an end surface of the first portion is brought into contact with a second surface of the groove, with the thicknesses of the first portion and the second portion of the workpiece being plastically changed.

Abstract: This invention is a system for enhancing the performance of a forging press by increasing the size of the workpiece which can be effectively forged within the capacity of the forging press. The system includes the provision of a die set in which one or more of the dies is segmented, that is divided into two or more, and preferably three or more parts. The segmented die is provided with advancement means which allow each of the segments to be selectively advanced ahead of the other segments along the forging axis. The dies are installed in the forging press by mounting each die directly or indirectly to a respective die bed. In advancement means is employed to cause one of the segments to advance and be locked ahead of another segment. The workpiece is forged so that the advanced segment is a primary forging agent, that is, it transfers the vast majority of the force to the workpiece.

Abstract: Apparatus for decurling a curled lid for a container wherein three decurling units are mounted on a base having an upstanding support wall wherein the first unit provides a partially decurled lid, the second unit provides a further decurled lid for performing a desired measurement and a third unit provides a substantially fully decurled lid for performing another desired measurement.

Abstract: A chuck for use with a manual or powered driver including a nut rotatably mounted on the chuck body and in engagement with the threads of the chuck jaws. Aspects of the chuck jaws, such as the jaw face, are manipulatively formed by selective redistribution of metal. Formation of the chuck jaws in this manner is distinguishable from jaws formed by prior art machining techniques due to the structural orientation of grain in the metal. Forming of the chuck jaws preferably occurs at low applied temperature, i.e. not exceeding 1000 degrees Fahrenheit.

Abstract: Thin wall metal cans are described having threaded necks for receiving threaded closure to seal contents in the cans. Techniques for forming such threaded cans are also provided.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for improving the concentricity and reducing the flange width variation of a die-necked container body are disclosed. A piloted pad is inserted into the dome at the bottom of the can, either as part of the flanging operation or as part of a die necking operation, or both. The insertion of the pilot and pad orients the can body relative to the necker or flanger so that the open end of the can remains concentric with the main body diameter as forming operations progress. Preferably, when used as part of a die necker, the pusher pad connected to the pilot is spring loaded. By spring-loading the pusher pad, accidental engagement between the raised section that extends into the dome is prohibited, and each can is more readily ejected and transferred.

Abstract: The die set manufactures a heat exchanging fin by the steps of: forming a projected section in a thin metal plate; drawing the projected section, once or a plurality of times, to reduce the diameter thereof and to form the projected section into a cylindrical section; and piercing and barring the cylindrical section to form into a collar section through which a heat exchanging pipe is pierced. The die set comprises: a lower die; an upper die having a die hole whose diameter is shorter than the bottom diameter of the projected section not drawn; a punch being provided in the lower die; and a lifter being provided in the lower die, the lifter being biased toward the upper die by elastic means, the lifter having a through-hole through which the punch passes and an accommodating space for accommodating a slackened section of the projected section, which is formed in the vicinity of a base thereof while drawing the projected section.

Abstract: A method for necking an end of a metal container include effecting initial deformation, generally radially inwardly, of an axial portion to establish a necked-in generally convex transition portion and an adjacent portion disposed between the transition portion and the container end which is initially generally cylindrical. Both portions are of reduced diameter with respect to the original can body diameter. Sequentially, through the series of formation steps, the portion to be necked-in is further reduced in diameter to produce an outwardly generally convex portion disposed in underlying relationship with respect to an outwardly concave portion. A generally, radially, outwardly directed flange may be established within the end section of the necked-in portion. Apparatus to perform the foregoing forming steps consists of a plurality of die means which are subjected to relative axial movement and contact and reshape the exterior of the container portion that is to be necked-in.

Abstract: A necking apparatus for producing a smooth, inwardly tapered necked-in portion on a cylindrical container includes a plurality of necking modules and a turret which is rotatably mounted in each module about an axis of rotation. Each turret includes an upper turret frame which is mounted on the axis of rotation and which can be moved axially relative to the turret and a lower turret frame. A plurality of necking dies are mounted on the upper turret frame, and a plurality of container supports are axially aligned with the necking dies and are mounted on the lower turret frame for axial movement. Each necking die includes a necking portion for engaging and necking a side wall of a container as the aligned container support moves a container toward the necking die. The positions of the necking dies are adjusted by spacers so that the necking portion of each die does not engage the tapered necked-in portion of the container as the container support is moved toward the die.

Abstract: A propeller shaft includes male and female shafts, each having at one end a yoke and at the other end a spline sliding portion. At least one of these shafts is wholly made of a hollow tube and its one end is worked to form an integral yoke and the other end is plastically worked with a die to form an integral spline sliding portion. A separate yoke may be welded to the hollow tube. The spline sliding portion thus formed has spline teeth of an integer number within the range of numerals obtained by multiplying the numeral indicating a larger spline diameter in mm by 0.12 to 0.25. The spline teeth has a spline tooth root angle within the range of 90 to 120 degrees enclosed between side faces of adjacent spline teeth. The propeller shaft reduces man-hour for producing it to improve the production efficiency and hence reduce its cost.

Abstract: A central turret rotates continuously on a central axis and carries a plurality of planetary turrets that rotate on their own axes. An index drive intermittently moves each planetary turret through a cycle consisting of both a period of rotation through a fraction of a revolution on the planetary turret axis and a period of dwell at an indexed position. The planetary turrets each carry a plurality of tool heads, and during successive periods of dwell, a successive one of the tool heads is presented to a workstation. A workpiece carrier supports a workpiece in proximity to the workstation. Rams operatively engage the workpiece and tool head as the successive tool heads dwell at the workstation. In this way, a workpiece is processed by a plurality of tool heads during a single revolution around the central axis.

Abstract: A method for forming nickel base superalloy articles of manufacture by a combination of hot die forging, isothermal forging and heat treatment below and above the solvus.

Abstract: An easy open can end having an improved rivet structure integrally formed thereon for the attachment of a pull tab, a method of further forming a can end to incorporate the improved rivet, and tooling for accomplishing the method. The further formation of the can end includes the steps of bubble formation, first button formation, and final rivet formation.

Abstract: An easy open can end having an improved rivet structure integrally formed thereon for the attachment of a pull tab, a method of further forming a can end to incorporate the improved rivet, and tooling for accomplishing the method. The further formation of the can end includes the steps of bubble formation, first button formation, and final rivet formation.

Abstract: A method of die-necking the open end of a can body to form a reduced diameter neck having a smooth profile comprising forming a reduced neck at the open end of the cylindrical sidewall of the can body by engaging the open end of the sidewall with a die having a multi-radius forming profile, with each successive radius from the entrance to the exit of the die being smaller than the previous radius and with the angle through which each successive radius extends being equal to or smaller than the angle of the previous radius. Then at subsequent die-forming stations, forming progressively smaller reduced diameter necks by a series of dies, all of which preferably have the same multi-radiused forming surface profile which virtually eliminates the undesirable formation of pleats in the final neck configuration.

Abstract: A method of producing a disc of an automotive road wheel by using an aluminum alloy as a material. The producing method comprising the following steps: (1) casting a disc material including an annular spoke section which has a ridge and is formed with a depression, the depression defined by a bottom wall; and (2) forging the disc material to obtain the forged disc by applying a processing degree of not less than 15% to the bottom wall of the spoke section and by applying a stress of not less than 50 MPa to the ridge of the spoke section.

Abstract: A process for forming a hollow spherical body and the spherical structure so formed. The forming includes a first phase in which a blank is provided with a half having a spherical outer surface, a remaining part having two concentric, outer and inner walls with an axial hole that is closed by an intermediate plate. In a subsequent phase the outer wall of the remaining part of the blank is given a spherical shape in continuation of the spherical half obtained in the first phase of forming.

Abstract: The present invention provides a pivot pipe for a rear fork of a motorcycle, capable of being formed at comparatively low cost by a simple process. The pivot pipe has a lightweight, strong construction and does not vary widely in quality from one pivot pipe to another. The pivot pipe is connected to a right swing arm and a left swing arm and includes a first end supported on a needle bearing mounted on a pivot shaft and a second end having an inside diameter greater than that of the first end supported on a ball bearing mounted on the pivot shaft. The pivot pipe is formed by expanding one end of a single pipe by press working.

Abstract: An improved system and process of necking an upper end of a metallic container that will reduce the incidence of defects such as wrinkles and puckers during the necking process includes steps of performing a first stage operation to reduce a radius of said upper end by a first distance, and incrementally further reducing the radius of the upper end by performing a plurality of subsequent reduction operations on the upper end. Advantageously, step (b) is performed so that the amount of radius reduction that is applied by earlier of the subsequent reduction operations is less than the amount of radius reduction that is applied by later of the subsequent reduction operations. As a result, increases of wall thickness that occur during the subsequent reduction operations will be utilized to permit greater radial reduction in the later steps, and will ease the amount of radial reduction in the earlier steps, reducing the potential for defects such as puckering and wrinkling.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for necking an open end of a metal container in which annular grooves are provided on the inner surface of the necking dies to abate sticking of cans in the dies during the necking process.

Abstract: A method of making a configured lead bushing comprising the steps of die casting a one-piece cup-shaped member having cylindrical side walls and a disk extending across the cup-shaped member and then cutting away the disk from the cup-shaped member to leave an annular lead bushing having an interior surface and an exterior surface which is followed by cutting away portions of the exterior surface to form an outside shoulder and a set of acid rings and cutting away portions of the interior surface to form an interior shoulder on the annular lead bushing.

Abstract: A chuck for use with a manual or powered driver including a nut rotatably mounted on the chuck body and in engagement with the threads of the chuck jaws. Aspects of the chuck Jaws, such as the jaw face, are manipulatively formed by selective redistribution of metal. Formation of the chuck jaws in this manner is distinguishable from jaws formed by prior art machining techniques due to the structural orientation of grain in the metal. Forming of the chuck jaws preferably occurs at low applied temperature, i.e. not exceeding 1000 degrees Fahrenheit.

Abstract: To provide a pressing method for forming dual drawn products having various product lengths, such as radiator core plate, with one type of a die unit and for preventing significant damages, which may be caused to the packing seal surface. The pressing method according to the present invention, which uses a punch and a die divided into a first die part and a second die part, sequentially includes a first drawing step for drawing the material with the punch and the first die part of a die to form a first end portion of the product; and a second drawing step for drawing the material with the punch and the second die part of the die to form a second end portion of the product.