Abstract: Disclosed herein are embodiments of method for detecting degradation of a connecting rod big end bearing within an internal combustion engine including a crankshaft and an exhaust manifold included on a vehicle. A method includes providing an electronic control unit connected with the engine, a first set of sensors for detecting crankshaft acceleration connected located adjacent the crankshaft, a second set of sensors for detecting engine exhaust manifold pressure located adjacent the engine exhaust manifold, and a display component and an auditory component connected with the electronic control unit. The display component and/or the auditory component is activated when the first set of sensors detects diminished crankshaft acceleration during a power stroke compared to prior acceleration of the crankshaft during a power stroke and the second set of sensors detects exhaust manifold pressure that does not vary statistically significantly from expected exhaust manifold pressure.

Abstract: A start-up method of a mild hybrid system determines whether start-up is attempted through an MHSG in accordance with a request for start-up from a driver, compares an engine rpm at the end of cranking with a reference rpm in start-up using the MHSG, determines whether an engine rpm immediately after start-up follows an idle target rpm when the engine rpm at the end of cranking exceeds the reference rpm, checks whether there is an error in a cam angle sensor when poor following in which the engine rpm immediately after start-up does not follow the idle target rpm is generated, forcibly changes an engine state into cranking when the cam angle sensor has an error, and executes an existing backup crank logic that decreases a target rpm of the MHSG and finds out a fuel injection time while performing test injection using a signal from an crank angle sensor.

Abstract: A system, method, and computer readable storage device are provided for providing a dynamic tachometer. Based on various signal inputs from a plurality of data sources, a tachometer may be dynamically modified to include visual information and assistance to the driver in relation to the vehicle's engine speed (i.e., revolution speed of the vehicle's crankshaft). The tachometer may include one or a combination of: dynamic shift point indicators, a target engine speed range indicator, an overspeed indicator, and a power take-off mode indicator.

Abstract: The embodiment relates to a method for detecting a power-changing manipulation of an internal combustion engine (100), wherein the internal combustion engine (100) has an intake tract (110) and a pressure sensor (116, 118) which is arranged in the intake tract (110). The method has the following steps: acquiring a signal profile (440) over a specific time period by means of the pressure sensor (116, 118), providing a modelled signal profile (430) over the specific time period, from which periodically repeating modelled signal profile sections (432) which are characteristic of expected periodically repeating pressure changes in the intake tract (110) are ascertained, comparing a signal portion of an acquired signal profile section (442) with the corresponding signal portion of the corresponding modelled signal profile section (432) in order to detect the power-changing manipulation of the internal combustion engine (100).

Abstract: Various embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to methods for operating a test bench with a test object having at least two rotating masses connected by means of a loading shaft to a loading maching for driving or loading the test object. The loading maching controlled by a loading machine control unit. In one embodiment, the method includes: applying loads to the test object on the test bench, estimating an internal test object torque, determining a target loading machine speed, determining a shaft torque acting on the loading shaft, determining acceleration torques for accelerating the at least two rotating masses, addind the shaft torque with the correct sign with the correct sign to the acceleration torques, to form a corrected internal effective test object torque, and determining the target loading machine speed from the corrected internal effective test object torque or a torque derived therefrom.

Abstract: A rotary jig for rotation of a crank shaft of a vehicle and a measuring system using the same are disclosed herein. The measuring system includes: a rotary jig for rotating a crank shaft by opening only a bonnet in a vehicle stop state; a probe joined to the position where a spark plug of an engine is separated and having an extension rod located at the center of a piston to check a top dead point and to output signal values when the crank shaft is rotated according to rotation of the rotary jig; a pump for supplying air to a cylinder chamber of the engine through a tube connected to the probe to move the piston; a terminal for outputting the signal value of the probe to a display unit through wireless communication; and a control unit for controlling the signal values.

Abstract: A multi-stage irreversible sensor coupling is provided. A sensor body includes a sensor and has a sensor body wall and at least one sensor body engagement feature. A clip barrel is configured to slidably engage the sensor body and has at least one clip barrel engagement feature. A wedge clip is configured to slidably engage the clip barrel and has at least one wedge clip engagement feature that is configured to urge the at least one sensor body engagement feature into cooperative engagement with the at least one clip barrel engagement feature when the wedge clip, clip barrel, and sensor body are fully engaged together.

Abstract: To provide a controller for internal combustion engine which suppresses that estimation of the combustion state is performed based on the angle information on which the component due to the torsional vibration is superimposed, when the torsional vibration occurs in the crankshaft. A controller for internal combustion engine determines whether a torsional vibration occurs in a crankshaft based on an angle period; calculates a gas pressure torque in burning based on a crank angle acceleration which is calculated based on the angle period; estimates a combustion state of an internal combustion engine based on the gas pressure torque in burning; and stops estimation of the combustion state, when it is determined that the torsional vibration occurred.

Abstract: A CPU stops combustion control of Cylinder #1 in order to perform a regeneration process of a GPF and performs a regeneration process of causing an air-fuel ratio of an air-fuel mixture in Cylinders #2 to #4 to be richer. When it is determined that a misfire has occurred because a misfire rate when the regeneration process is not being performed is equal to or greater than a predetermined value, the CPU determines that an internal combustion engine has returned to a normal state based on the premise that the misfire rate when the regeneration process is not being performed decreases.

Abstract: A camshaft toothed wheel, forming a target for a camshaft rotation sensor, including a plurality of teeth distributed over its circumference. The toothed wheel including a first set of four teeth each spaced apart by 90°, and a second set of six teeth each spaced apart by 60°. The teeth of each set being distributed such that the wheel includes two portions of its circumference without an active edge of teeth over an angle of at least 35° and which are spaced apart by 180°. The teeth of the first set of teeth and of the second set of teeth being arranged such that no tooth is common to the first set of teeth and to the second set of teeth.

Abstract: To provide a controller and a control method for internal combustion engine which can calculate the shaft torque in unburning with good accuracy in all the operating condition in which calculation is required, using the shaft torque in unburning which was set in the specific operating condition, and can improve estimation accuracy of the parameter relevant to the combustion state. A controller for internal combustion engine calculates a specific shaft torque in unburning with reference to a specific unburning condition data; calculates specific and current generated torques of unburning assumption using the physical model equation; calculates a current shaft torque in unburning based on the specific shaft torque in unburning, and the specific and current generated torques of unburning assumption; and calculates an increment of gas pressure torque by burning based on the current shaft torque in unburning and the actual shaft torque in burning condition.

Abstract: A client computing system (CCS) receives a download including (i) an image representative of a vehicle component, (ii) symbol data associated with a first symbol, (iii) a set of one or more selectable identifiers, and (iv) supplemental information associated with the vehicle component. Each selectable identifier can indicate a respective portion of the supplemental information. After receiving the download, the CCS displays the image and the first symbol without displaying the set and the supplemental information. While the image and the first symbol are displayed without the set, the CCS receives a first input corresponding to selection of the first symbol. The CCS then responsively displays the set. While the set is displayed, the CCS receives a second input corresponding to selection of a first selectable identifier from the set. The CCS then responsively displays the respective portion of the supplemental information indicated by the first selectable identifier.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for injecting a gaseous fuel in an internal combustion engine having a combustion chamber and an inlet valve assigned to the combustion chamber. The method includes determining a torque output of the combustion chamber, specifying a comparative value for the torque output, and determining a difference between the torque output and the comparative value. When the difference is less than a given threshold value, the method reduces a first injection quantity of the gaseous fuel depending on the determined difference, which is injected temporally before the inlet valve is closed. When the difference is greater than the given threshold value, the method increases the first injection quantity of the gaseous fuel depending on the determined difference. Also described is a device which may carry out the method.

Abstract: Redundancy in engine timing position sensing maintains a UAV operational in the event of failure of a primary engine timing position sub-system. The redundancy avoids duplication of the primary crankshaft timing position sensing components, and avoids adding weight, cost and component complexity. Conditioned (square) waveform(s) (102) is/are created from respective sinusoidal waveform(s). Each consecutive leading edge (103a) and trailing edge (103b) of the pulses of the square waveform (102) is derived from the crossing of the zero voltage value by consecutive sinusoidal waveforms A,B,C (e.g. Voltage (V) vs Time (t) or angular degrees). The square pulse waveform (102) is output (104) to a microcontroller (106) to create and output a pseudo crankshaft timing position signal (108) to be used by an ECU to determine ignition and fuel injection events in the event that the primary timing signal from the crankshaft position sensor (CPS) has failed.

Abstract: An apparatus includes an engine friction module in operative communication with an engine and structured to interpret engine operation data indicative of an engine friction amount, and a stop/start module structured to compare the engine operation data with predetermined protective criteria that includes an engine friction threshold and to turn off the engine for at least a portion of time based on the engine friction threshold exceeding the engine friction amount.

Abstract: An engine torque estimation device includes: a memory; a processor coupled to the memory and the processor configured to, acquire a measured value of a crank angle that is a rotation angle of a crank shaft of an engine, derive, based on the measured value of the crank angle, a calculated value of a crank angle speed, and derive an estimated value of an engine torque, based on a non-linear Kalman filter using a first estimation error that is a difference between the calculated value of the crank angle speed and the estimated value of the crank angle speed.

Abstract: This method includes the following steps: —determining the angular position and the rotational speed for a first point of measurement and a second point of measurement of a engine position sensor, —determining at least one gradient of the rotational speed different from the speed gradient between the two points of measurement of the previous step, —approximating the actual rotational speed curve with respect to the angular position with a polynomial function of degree two, and —carrying out a calculation, in advance, for determining an estimated rotational speed at the predefined position, the position defining a future angular position of the crankshaft, by applying the polynomial function to the predefined future position. The method can be used to predict engine rotation reversal.

Abstract: A nut screwed around a rotating shaft with a view to securing a part to said shaft and to cooperate with a fixed sensor sensing a quantity of material in a pre-defined volume to measure the speed of rotation of the shaft, including a ring of teeth separated by slots. At least a portion of the teeth includes at least one recess maintaining the clamping function of the ring of teeth, the at least one recess forming, with notches separating the teeth, respective material deficit intervals detected by said sensor when passing through the detection volume during the rotation of the nut. A method of using the nut with a sensor in a rotational speed measuring device and the production of same.

Abstract: An apparatus for starting an engine, including an inertia-engagement-type starter. In the apparatus, a starter-characteristic switching mechanism is configured to switch an output characteristic of the starter between a plurality of output characteristics including at least a low-torque high-speed characteristic and a high-torque low-speed characteristic, where the output characteristic of the starter is hereinafter referred to a starter characteristic.

Abstract: A method for monitoring at least one part of an internal combustion engine based on a variable whose values characterize the operation of the part of the internal combustion engine during different states of the internal combustion engine, including: determining an actual pattern with the actual values of the variable during different states of the internal combustion engine which describe the actual operation of the internal combustion engine; providing a reference pattern for a known operation of the internal combustion engine, the reference pattern including reference values of the variable for different states of the internal combustion engine; and comparing the actual pattern to the reference pattern to determine a similarity between the actual operation and the known operation.

Abstract: A power system may include a power generation component and a sensor configured to measure a parameter. The power system may also include a controller in communication with the power generation component and the sensor. The controller may be configured to run the power generation component in an exercise mode for a duration. The duration may be based on the measured parameter.

Abstract: Methods and a related system of preventing a pre-ignition event in a spark ignition engine. Unusual crankcase pressure fluctuations often occur prior to a Low-Speed Pre-Ignition (LSPI) event. A high speed high resolution pressure transducer (60) attached to the crankcase (30) of an engine (10) takes a plurality of engine crankcase pressure measurements and relays these measurements to an engine control module (70). The pressure measurements are analyzed to determine if unusual pressure fluctuations within the crankcase are occurring. If so, one or more engine control parameters are adjusted in order to mitigate a LSPI event. Various engine control parameters may be adjusted including fuel injection, engine load and combustion timing.

Abstract: A crank angle detection apparatus may include a crank gear provided to be rotated together with a crankshaft, a balance gear provided to be rotated together with a balance shaft and engaged with the crank gear so that the balance shaft is rotated in accordance with rotation of the crankshaft, and a crank angle sensor configured to sense rotation of the balance gear or the crank gear and detect a rotation angle of the crankshaft.

Abstract: A system for detecting a rotational speed of a turbocharger includes: a rotational speed sensor unit which includes a radar transmitter for emitting radar waves and a radar receiver for receiving the radar waves and which is designed to detect radar waves reflected by a machine element of the turbocharger and to provide them as a measuring signal; and an evaluation unit which is coupled to the rotational speed sensor unit and is designed to check whether the reflected radar waves are detectable by the radar receiver based on a predetermined criterion and to ascertain the rotational speed of the turbocharger based on an evaluation of the measuring signal.

Abstract: Fault detection and response systems and processes can be used for pumps, e.g., pump/motors used in hybrid vehicles. The fault detection systems determine when certain operating conditions, which may affect the proper operation of the system, occur. The response systems take appropriate action based on which fault conditions are triggered. Example fault detection systems and processes include detection systems for different types of leaks, sensor malfunctions, or operation errors.

Abstract: An abnormality detection apparatus for a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine changes a fuel injection quantity of a predetermined target cylinder to detect an abnormality of an internal combustion engine based on values of rotational variations relating to the target cylinder detected before and after the change of the fuel injection quantity. The abnormality detection apparatus corrects the values of the rotational variations relating to the target cylinder detected before and after the change of the fuel injection quantity based on at least one of the number of revolutions of the engine and an engine load at a corresponding detection time.

Abstract: A method is described for determining information about a rotational speed of a compressor, in particular a turbocharger, by providing a measuring signal, in particular a microwave measuring signal, which is directed at a compressor impeller of the compressor, so that the measuring signal is reflected on revolving blades of the compressor impeller, detecting the measuring signal reflected by one or more blades, and determining the information about the rotational speed as a function of the reflected measuring signal.

Abstract: The presented invention is a low profile light bar tachometer display which includes a plurality of RGB LEDs or similar RGB color model light-emitting devices organized and arrayed in a segmented, flexible tachometer case that can be manipulated and contoured to conform to the top of the dash assembly of an automobile or any surface deemed suitable for the needs of the driver of an automobile. The lights provide a highly visible, illuminated, color changing display, so the driver can immediately assess the engine's RPM, power band, redline, or maximum torque from the change in light color or light position. The light array provides a repeatable, reliable and adjustable indication of the usable range of the engine's rpm, but does not indicate actual rpm.

Abstract: A control system includes a speed determination module and a profile estimation module. The speed determination module determines previous engine speeds based on a predetermined profile of a crankshaft position sensor and previous pulse times corresponding to teeth on the crankshaft position sensor. The profile estimation module performs data fitting to determine an estimated profile of the crankshaft position sensor based on the previous pulse times and the previous engine speeds. The speed determination module determines present engine speeds based on the estimated profile and present pulse times corresponding to the teeth on the crankshaft position sensor.

Abstract: An engine control system includes a combustion torque determination module, a friction torque determination module, and a control module. The combustion torque determination module determines a combustion torque of an engine based on pressure inside a cylinder of the engine during an engine cycle. The friction torque determination module determines friction torque of the engine based on the combustion torque, acceleration of an engine crankshaft, effective inertia of the engine crankshaft, and a pumping loss in the cylinder during the engine cycle. The control module adjusts an operating parameter of the engine based on the friction torque.

Abstract: A combustion diagnosis device for a diesel engine having a plurality of cylinders, including an engine speed sensor for detecting a rotational speed of each cylinder, an injection correction amount calculation unit for calculating an amount of correction for fuel injection of each cylinder in accordance with the engine speed sensor, a rotational fluctuation calculation unit for calculating a rotational fluctuation of each cylinder in accordance with the engine speed sensor, and a combustion state determination unit for determining a combustion state of a determination-target cylinder in accordance with the rotational fluctuation when the correction amount calculated by the injection correction amount calculation unit reaches an upper limit threshold value.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for an engine. A condition of the engine may be diagnosed based on information provided by signals from speed sensors associated with the engine and/or other signals associated with a generator operationally connected to the engine. Different types of degradation may be distinguished based on discerning characteristics within the information. Thus, a degraded engine component may be identified in a manner that reduces service induced delay.

Abstract: A system according to the principles of the present disclosure includes an engine control module, a valve control module, and a level determination module. The engine control module controls an engine mounted in one of an engine dynamometer and a chassis dynamometer based on a predetermined schedule specifying a desired speed with respect to time. The valve control module controls a valve to inject a first quantity of a substance into an exhaust system to simulate the engine outputting an emission. The level determination module determines an emissions level of the emission in the exhaust system based on the predetermined schedule and the first quantity.

Abstract: A method and a device for locating tires mounted on a vehicle. High frequency signals are captured by way of a first transmit/receive device arranged on a vehicle, said high-frequency signals originating from a wheel electronic system arranged on the vehicle, said wheel electronic system interacting with tires of a first tire group that are mounted on the vehicle. A trigger signal having a frequency that is clearly lower than the frequency of the high frequency signal, is emitted by the first transmit/receive device.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for adapting mechanical tolerances of a timing wheel of a sensor unit of an internal combustion engine of a hybrid drive of a vehicle, the hybrid drive having at least one second motor, in particular an electric motor, in addition to the internal combustion engine, and the internal combustion engine being operated in a desired operating mode during adaptation operation. It is provided that the desired operating mode is performed in such a way that the internal combustion engine is driven using the second motor, in particular an electric motor, and no fuel is supplied to the internal combustion engine. A corresponding device is also disclosed.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine analysis system is provided, the system having: a spark plug having a thermocouple sensor coupled thereto, the thermocouple sensor being configured to generate a first signal according to a combustion temperature proximate to the spark plug; a current sensor configured to monitor electrical current provided to the spark plug and generate a second signal based upon current the monitored electrical current; one or more signal conditioners configured to generate a first and a second optical signals based upon the first and second signal respectively; a receiver electrically connected to the one or more signal conditioners, the receiver being configured to generate a first and a second digital signal based upon the first and second optical signals respectively; and an analysis device in signal communication with the receiver, the analysis device configured to receive the first and second digital signal and being configured to generate a visual display of the combustion temperature as

Abstract: A sensor arrangement has a sensor element. A contact element is in electrical contact on the one hand with the sensor element and on the other with contact pins. The contact element is insert moulded with a plastic body. Affixing positions to which the contact element has been affixed, and on which the contact element is exposed respectively have one collar made of plastic material which runs around the exposed areas of the contact element. A sensor arrangement results for which the cost of manufacture is lower than that of the prior art, while the same security against unwanted electrostatic discharging or against the formation of an unwanted short circuit remains.

Abstract: A device is disclosed for sensing the speed of an EMD 567/645/710 two-cycle diesel engine having a crankcase, electronic fuel injectors and an electronic control system for controlling the electronic fuel injectors. The device includes a spline shaft sized for insertion into the crankcase of the engine so that the spline shaft rotates with the engine, a gear operably secured to the spline shaft to rotate with the spline shaft and sized to rotate with the engine in a 1:1 ratio, and at least one electronic sensor located adjacent the gear to sense rotation of the gear. The at least one electronic sensor is connectable to the electronic control system to provide electronic signals to the electronic control system for determining when to inject fuel with the electronic fuel injectors. Also disclosed is a method for retrofitting the engine and a kit for retrofitting the engine.

Abstract: A method for determining the angular speed of a drive shaft of an internal combustion engine at each tooth event of a phonic wheel presenting a number N of teeth includes detecting the angular amplitude for each tooth; detecting the time of each tooth; and determining the raw angular speed of each tooth according to the corresponding angular amplitude and time. For each tooth a compensation value is determined which represents the difference between the actual angular amplitude of the tooth and the theoretic angular amplitude of the tooth; and determining the angular speed of each tooth by correcting the raw angular speed based on the corresponding compensation value.

Abstract: A device is disclosed for sensing the speed of an EMD 567/645/710 two-cycle diesel engine having a crankcase, electronic fuel injectors and an electronic control system for controlling the electronic fuel injectors. The device includes a spline shaft sized for insertion into the crankcase of the engine so that the spline shaft rotates with the engine, a gear operably secured to the spline shaft to rotate with the spline shaft and sized to rotate with the engine in a 1:1 ratio, and at least one electronic sensor located adjacent the gear to sense rotation of the gear. The at least one electronic sensor is connectable to the electronic control system to provide electronic signals to the electronic control system for determining when to inject fuel with the electronic fuel injectors. Also disclosed is a method for retrofitting the engine and a kit for retrofitting the engine.

Abstract: The internal combustion engine system of the invention calculates a time constant of a high pass filter for eliminating a resonance component of a damper as a distortional element from a rotation speed of an engine, and sets the high pass filter with computation of a transfer function from the time constant. The set high pass filter is applied to a 30-degree rotation time representing a rotational variation of the engine to obtain a filtered 30-degree rotation time with elimination of the resonance component of the damper. The occurrence of an engine misfire is detected, based on a 30-degree rotation time difference and a misfire detection base difference computed from the filtered 30-degree rotation times. This arrangement ensures highly-accurate detection of the occurrence of a misfire in the engine constructed to output power via the damper as the distortional element, irrespective of the rotation speed of the engine.

Abstract: In a method for detecting an operating parameter of a power tool having an internal combustion engine with a cylinder, a piston delimiting a combustion chamber in the cylinder and driving a crankshaft supported rotatably in a crankcase, an intake supplying combustion air to the combustion chamber, an exhaust removing combustion gases from the combustion chamber, and a signal generator driven in rotation by the crankshaft emitting sequential alternating voltage signals, a period duration of the voltage signal is selected to correspond to the n-th portion of a crankshaft revolution with n greater than 2. The n-th portion of the crankshaft revolution provides a crankshaft angle interval. For each crankshaft angle interval at least one information is detected that represents a course plotted against the crankshaft angle. The course is scanned with regard to characteristic features that are correlated with an operating parameter of the power tool.

Abstract: A method is provided for controlling a starting system for an engine of a motor vehicle. The motor vehicle includes a pre-spun starter for selective meshing with and starting of the engine, and a controller for controlling the starting of the engine. The method includes sensing of a rotational speed of the pre-spun starter, and sensing of a rotational speed of the engine. The method additionally includes regulating the rotational speed of the pre-spun starter to substantially synchronize the rotational speed of the pre-spun starter with the rotational speed of the engine. Furthermore, the method includes engaging the pre-spun starter gear with the engine, and applying torque by the pre-spun starter to the engine, such that the engine is started.

Abstract: An angular velocity/angular acceleration calculator of the crankshaft in an internal combustion engine includes a crank angle detection device, a crank angle correction device, and an angular velocity/angular acceleration calculation device. The crank angle detection device detects a crank angle in the internal combustion engine and a time at the crank angle. The crank angle correction device corrects the crank angle and the time thus detected to an equiangular crank angle and a time corresponding thereto. The angular velocity/angular acceleration calculation device calculates an angular velocity and an angular acceleration of the crankshaft by converting a function of the time with respect to the crank angle that are corrected by the crank angle correction device so as to be regarded as a periodic function, and utilizing the discrete Fourier transform of the converted function.

Abstract: A method of transmitting information making it possible to monitor the operation of an internal combustion engine, includes the steps of: measuring the angular position of a crankshaft via an absolute position sensor provided with a digital output, and transmitting at a frequency f1 to an engine control unit the measured angular position information, encoded in a data string containing N1 bits, transmitting at a frequency f2 of the measured angular position information, encoded in a data string containing N2 bits, the number N2 of bits being greater than the number N1, the frequency f2 being less than or equal to the frequency f1. The encoding in N1 bits allows transmission of angular position information at low resolution, whereas the encoding in N2 bits allows the transmission of high resolution information, able to detect misfirings.

Abstract: A method and system for estimating engine parameters in a combustion engine gas exchange system based on dynamic pressure readings taken by one or more pressure sensors. According to an exemplary embodiment, the method and system may use an artificial neural network (ANN) to process the dynamic pressure readings and any additional engine conditions that may have been provided.

Abstract: An engine rotational speed determining device is disclosed which includes a signal inputting means and a rotational speed determining means. The signal inputting means inputs a signal that indicates current supplied to an electric motor, which starts an internal combustion engine, during a starting operation of the engine by the motor. The rotational speed determining means determines a rotational speed of the engine in the starting operation based on a change in the current indicated by the signal input by the signal inputting means.

Abstract: A level adjusting circuit which adjusts input pulses from an antenna to a level suitable for determining the number of engine revolutions, is connected in a circuit that connects the antenna with a determining circuit. An optimum adjustment of the determination level by manual operation allows the pulses inputted to the determining circuit to be precisely determined at all times.

Abstract: A device is disclosed for sensing the speed of an EMD 567/645/710 two-cycle diesel engine having a crankcase, electronic fuel injectors and an electronic control system for controlling the electronic fuel injectors. The device includes a spline shaft sized for insertion into the crankcase of the engine so that the spline shaft rotates with the engine, a gear operably secured to the spline shaft to rotate with the spline shaft and sized to rotate with the engine in a 1:1 ratio, and at least one electronic sensor located adjacent the gear to sense rotation of the gear. The at least one electronic sensor is connectable to the electronic control system to provide electronic signals to the electronic control system for determining when to inject fuel with the electronic fuel injectors. Also disclosed is a method for retrofitting the engine and a kit for retrofitting the engine.

Abstract: A method of generating a crankshaft synchronized sine wave signal for an internal combustion engine is provided. The method includes the steps of: A) sensing an observed crankshaft angle of the crankshaft; B) using a dynamic observer to generate an estimated crankshaft angle from said observed crankshaft angle; and C) generating the crankshaft synchronized sine wave signal as a function of the estimated crankshaft angle. The crankshaft synchronized sine wave signal is preferable output to at least one of an active vibration control system and an active noise control system. An apparatus for generating a crankshaft synchronized sine wave for an internal combustion engine according to the method of the present invention is also disclosed.