Abstract: Devices, systems, and methods for determining gas characteristics to monitor transformer operation include extracting gas from transformer fluid for analysis.

Abstract: An automated method for detecting and/or monitoring a state of a degasser of an analyzer is provided, the degasser including a container configured to be evacuated. The method includes obtaining a time series of values indicative of pressures inside the container. The time series spans a period during which the container is evacuated or pressurized. The method further includes determining a liquid level state of the degasser which is determined by an amount of liquid present in the container based on the time series.

Abstract: A system, device, and a method for determining a compound content in transformer oil are provided. The method includes positioning a syringe filled with transformer oil in the device to transfer the oil to a vial using the device. The device includes a stand, a threaded rod, a handle, a disc, and a syringe holder. The threaded rod is movable in a vertical direction by rotation of the handle and is configured to apply pressure via the disc on a plunger of the syringe positioned in the syringe holder to maintain an airtight connection between the vial and the device. The compound content is determined using a gas chromatograph by analyzing an aliquot extracted from a headspace gas of the vial.

Abstract: A device for preparing a liquid sample for a direct injection of a corresponding gaseous sample to a micro-gas chromatograph includes: a fluid space and a gas space, which spaces are separated by a semipermeable separating layer, the fluid space including a supply line for the liquid sample, and the gas space having an outlet connectable with the gas chromatograph. The fluid space and/or the gas space is associated with at least one heating element. The device absorbs a sample volume of approximately 10 ?l to 30 ?l. The separating layer has a thickness of 10 ?l to 300 ?l and pores having a size between 0.05 ?l and 5 ?l.

Abstract: A method for evaluating a degree of transformation ratio of kerogen to oil and/or gas and/or gas to oil generation index using a pyrolysis gas chromatography is disclosed. The method comprises providing a rock sample in powdered form; determining, by a source rock analysis instrument, total organic carbon in said rock sample, remaining hydrocarbon generation potential in rock sample, and a maturity of rock sample; feeding said sample in a pyrolyzer if said sample satisfies a pre-defined condition; analyzing, said sample in said pyrolyzer, by heating said sample at a pre-specified pyrolysis temperature in pre-specified pyrolysis steps and for pre-specified pyrolysis time; determining, by a gas chromatograph, a peak area of hydrocarbons present in said sample analyzed; evaluating, in a said degree of transformation ratio of said sample to oil and/or gas and/or said gas to oil generation index.

Abstract: An in-toilet urine sampling and measurement system is disclosed. One or more toilet sensors trigger volatilization, measurement, and analysis of volatile compounds in a urine sample. Volatile urine compounds may be concentrated, measured, and analyzed by a measurement system attached to a toilet bowl. A volatilizer system may use heat generated from one or more measurement devices to assist in volatilization of the urine sample.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device (32) for the bottom part of a multichannel pipetting system, comprising two sampling-cone-holding end pieces (6) and also two aspiration chambers (36a, 36b) that engage respectively with the two end pieces, the two aspiration chambers (36a, 36b) being concentric.

Abstract: A sample analysis method includes directing a sample that contains one or more SVOC components to a GC column to temporally separate components present in the sample. Output gas from the GC column is expanded into a sample cell. The sample cell is held at a temperature and pressure that are lower than the temperature and pressure at an outlet of the GC column. The volume of the sample cell is sufficiently large for maintaining the one or more SVOC components in a gaseous phase. Infrared spectra of the components in the sample cell are obtained using a Fourier transform infrared spectrometry system.

Abstract: A system, apparatus, and method for sampling of liquid products. The system includes a portable, releaseably connected product sample receiving assembly and a plurality of product sampling and mixing assemblies. The product sample receiving assembly can be attached and detached from two or more the product sampling and mixing assemblies, so that a single product sample receiving assembly can be used to service multiple product sampling and mixing assembly locations at different times. The product sample receiving assembly may include a slip-stream configuration or in-line configuration. The product sampling and mixing assemblies may be unidirectional or bidirectional.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring dissolved gas includes a body having an internal space, a separator installation part provided in the body and having a separator allowing a dissolved gas to pass therethrough and blocking insulating oil installed therein, and a sensor installation part provided in the body and allowing a gas sensor measuring dissolved gas separated by the separator to be installed therein, wherein the separator installation part and the sensor installation part are configured in such a manner that the separator and the gas sensor are independently installed in the body or separated from the body. According to the apparatus for measuring dissolved gas, a gas sensor may be manufactured to be standardized, and excellent compatibility with respect to various types of gas sensors may be provided.

Abstract: In some embodiments, apparatus and systems, as well as methods, may operate to draw a formation fluid sample into a sampling port included in a down hole tool, to vaporize some part of the fluid sample to substantially fill an injection port with a gas phase, to differentiate gas components in the gas phase to provide differentiated gas components along a concentration gradient, to detect the differentiated gas components, and to determine a fingerprint of the differentiated gas components. Other apparatus, systems, and methods are disclosed.

Abstract: A fault gas alarm system is disclosed. In one embodiment, the fault gas alarm system includes: a gas sensor configured to fluidly connect with an oil valve in an oil-filled vacuum-type on-load tap changer (OLTC), the gas sensor for monitoring a gas level in an oil within the oil valve; and a bi-level alarm system electrically connected with the gas sensor, the bi-level alarm system including a visual alarm indicator configured to provide a visual alarm in response to receiving an indication the gas level in the oil exceeds a threshold.

Abstract: A method for downhole fluid analysis is disclosed. The method includes positioning a downhole fluid sampling tool at first and second locations; extracting and compositionally analyzing samples of reservoir fluid while positioned at the first and second locations; comparing analysis results; and repositioning the tool to a third location depending on the results of the comparison. The compositional analysis can be performed using downhole gas chromatography and mass spectrometry systems and preferably can identify subtle non-homogeneities such as biomarkers. The fluid extraction can be performed using a focuses dual-flowline type sampling probe.

Abstract: Apparatus and systems, as well as methods, may operate to draw a formation fluid sample into a sampling port included in a down hole tool or tool body, to vaporize some part of the fluid sample to substantially fill an injection port with a gas phase, to differentiate gas components in the gas phase to provide differentiated gas components along a concentration gradient in a receiving section, to detect the differentiated gas components with a detector, and to determine a fingerprint of the differentiated gas components. A reaction section and a vacuum section may be used for waste consumption and/or absorption.

Abstract: To obtain a non-particle-aggregation-type organic polymer monolith separation medium, there is provided a monolith separation medium comprising a skeletal phase and pores being continuous in the form of three-dimensional network, which skeletal phase on its surface has a functional group permitting introduction of a new functional group. The skeletal phase has a non-particle-aggregation-type co-continuous structure having an average diameter of submicron to micrometer size, and is constituted of an addition polymer from an epoxy compound of bi- or higher functionality and an amine compound of bi- or higher functionality. Further, the skeletal phase is enriched in organic matter and does not contain any carbon atoms derived from aromatic series.

Abstract: A system and method for monitoring dissolved uses in insulating oil of power transformers and other high voltage equipment includes an orifice for accessing the insulating oil, and using a monitoring system to sample the oil and measure the concentration of different gases dissolved in the oil to determine what is going on inside the high voltage equipment.

Abstract: Apparatus and systems, as well as methods, may operate to draw a formation fluid sample into a sampling port included in a down hole tool or tool body, to vaporize some part of the fluid sample to substantially fill an injection port with a gas phase, to differentiate gas components in the gas phase to provide differentiated gas components along a concentration gradient in a receiving section, to detect the differentiated gas components with a detector, and to determine a fingerprint of the differentiated gas components. The receiving section may comprise a diffusion section. A reaction section and a vacuum section may be used for waste consumption and/or absorption.

Abstract: In at least one embodiment, the invention is directed to a method of determining the nitrogen content in nitrocellulose by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). It is within the scope of the invention for the sample of nitrocellulose to be unstable nitrocellulose, unrefined nitrocellulose, or refined nitrocellulose. The sample of nitrocellulose can wet or dry. A sample of nitrocellulose that is wet can be in acid or in water. Before HPLC, the sample is dissolved in a suitable solvent. The nitrogen content of the sample is determined by comparing the retention time of the sample to a graph of retention time to amount of nitrogen due to the linear correlation of retention time and percent nitrogen substitution.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for chromatography of a polyolefin polymer by flowing a solution of the polyolefin polymer through liquid flowing through a graphitic carbon liquid chromatography stationary phase. The method can be used to determine the monomer to comonomer ratio of a polyolefin copolymer such as a copolymer of ethylene and 1-octene or a copolymer of propylene and ethylene.

Abstract: This unique process is a feed forward control of hydroprocessing by on-line sulfur speciation. An on-line gas analyzer such as (GC) with a sulfur specific detector (AED) would be installed to analyze the feed to a hydrotreating unit. The analyzer would be calibrated to quantify the individual sulfur compounds or classes of sulfur compounds present in the feed. The output from the analyzer would be linked to the unit's distributed control system to automatically change temperatures and feed rates to change hydrotreating severity. This invention could bring economical benefits by increasing the life of the hydrotreating catalyst, reducing operating cost, and decreasing the potential amount of offspec product. In one embodiment, the hydrotreating is a hydrodesulphurization process.

Abstract: A system and method of measuring the effective temperature inside a sealed container having a headspace is provided. A liquid solvent is added to the container, and a solid compound is added to the liquid solvent to create a saturated solution. Vapor of the saturated solution is allowed to equilibrate in the headspace of the sealed container, and a volume thereof is transferred to a chromatographic column, where chromatographic readings of the equilibrated vapor are taken. A temperature within the sealed container is then calculated based upon the chromatographic readings of the equilibrated vapor, wherein the temperature calculation is based upon the concentrations of the liquid solvent and the solid compound in the equilibrated vapor.

Abstract: A sample concentrator for concentrating analytes in a solvent-containing liquid sample stream, including concentrator housing having a sample stream flow channel and a gas stream flow channel having an inlet and an outlet, a heater for gas in the gas stream conduit, and a hydrophilic ion exchange or non-ionic membrane barrier separating said gas stream flow channel and said sample stream flow channel. Solvent is evaporated from the liquid sample stream in said sample stream flow channel in or at the interface with said membrane, when the gas stream is at an elevated temperature. A regeneration step is used to regenerate the ion exchange membrane barrier.

Abstract: The invention relates to a miniaturized gas chromatograph and injector for the same. Said micro-GC is compact and simple and economical to construct. Dead volumes are largely avoided in order to achieve reliable and reproducible measured results. Said miniaturized gas chromatograph comprises at least one injector, one separation column and a detector which are combined on a circuit board to give a gas chromatography module. The injector comprises a first sheet with channels, which is provided with a second sheet with channels and which may be displaced relative to the latter, whereby at least one of the sheets is provided with a layer of plastic, in particular a chemically inert plastic on the side of the sheet facing the other side.

Abstract: An oil leakage detector for detecting the leakage of e.g. diesel or fuel oil in an engine room of a vessel comprises a conduit for an airflow therethrough, and a screen in the conduit. The screen is meshed to prevent oil particles or droplets from passing therethrough. A sensor determines a pressure loss across the screen, and a control system operatively connected to the sensor is configured to output an oil leakage warning signal if the pressure loss exceeds a predetermined threshold value. A fan may be provided for generating the airflow through the conduit. A gas sensor for determining the presence of hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide is optionally provided.

Abstract: A mobile vacuum sampling system comprising: an inlet; a first filter; a gas sample vacuum pump; a solenoid valve; a sample tube; a pressure gauge; a first block valve; a second filter; a micro filter; a gasifier; a gas analyzer; and a computational, recording and/or analysis display device; wherein a natural gas stream enters the gas sample vacuum pump via the inlet and is compressed to between 3 and 5 psig; wherein the sample tube collects natural gas to be analyzed; wherein the gas analyzer is portable; wherein the gas analyzer analyzes gas samples from the sample tube; and wherein the entire system is contained within a truck or other mobile unit.

Abstract: A low maintenance adjustable system for sampling gas from a well using a gas analyzer; a conditioning and filtering device; a gas trap having a plurality of couplings, a plurality of hammer unions, a plurality of base manifold pipes, a base manifold flow line, a chimney pipe connected to the base manifold flow line, a controllable valve, a reducer connected to the chimney, an expansion chamber component connected to the reducer, a restrictor mounted to the expansion chamber component, and a conduit connection connected to the restrictor for engaging a conduit to flow a gas sample from the gas trap to a gas analyzer.

Abstract: A system and method for extracting headspace vapor is generally disclosed comprising pressurizing a vessel containing headspace vapor with a carrier gas and subsequently venting the sample mixture through an adsorbent trap and out a vent. A flow controller is employed to gradually increase the flow therethrough as the pressure drops as a result of the gradual depletion of headspace vapor in the vessel and, in certain embodiments, the flow controller maintains a constant flow rate. Due to the time saved, in some embodiments, multiple pressurization-venting cycles are implemented to maximize the amount of vapor extracted from the vial. Due to the constant flow rate, in certain embodiments, the pressure decay is monitored and compared to reference values in order to determine whether the sample vessel has a leak or other defect.

Abstract: A method of characterizing formation fluid present in a subsurface earth formation during drilling using methods for correcting the measured concentrations of gas components in drilling mud. Gas trap values for the gas components of interest, light hydrocarbons, are measured during mud logging and are corrected using relative response factors, determined from laboratory fluid analysis values and relative extraction efficiency values. The relative response factors for each gas component of interest can be used for correcting additional gas trap values measured in the same well or for correcting gas trap values measured in surrounding wells utilizing a similar drilling fluid. The corrected gas trap values for each of the gas components of interest can be utilized to calculate gas/oil ratios for characterizing the formation fluid from the volume of drilling mud.

Abstract: The present invention provides systems for isolating toxins and collecting an eluate from a sampling column for subsequent testing and to methods of extracting and collecting an eluate using the same systems. Preferably, the systems comprise a sample holder such as an immuno-affinity column for holding the sample and a self-contained fluid delivery system that can deliver liquid, e.g., reagents, and gaseous fluids, e.g., compressed air. More preferably, the fluid control system of the fluid delivery system provides some amount of pressurized gas continuously to the headspace of the column even when a fluid is not being forced through the resin gel in the column.

Abstract: A gas sampling system having a storage chamber configured to store a gas; a water-impermeable, gas-permeable surface; and an isolating system. The isolating system is configured to have a first and a second position, and the storage chamber is in fluid communication with the water-impermeable, gas-permeable surface when the isolating system is in a first position. The storage chamber is not in fluid communication with the water-impermeable, gas-permeable surface when the isolating system is in the second position. The gas sampling system also has a gas displacement system configured to displace the gas from the storage chamber.

Abstract: A method for determining proportion of diesel fuel in a lubricating oil of a combustion engine, including: forming a mixture containing an oil sample and a C5 hydrocarbon such as a C5 alkane; injecting the mixture into the injector of a gas chromatograph; establishing a chromatograph of the sample; determining a first parameter M representative of the area of a peak associated with the C5 hydrocarbon such as a C5 alkane; determining a second parameter C representing of the area of at least one peak associated with a hydrocarbon representative of diesel fuel; and determining the proportion T of diesel fuel by a formula T = C / ( M ) - b a in which a and b are constants defining equation y=ax+b of a calibration straight line of the ratio between the second and the first parameters as a function of the proportion of diesel fuel.

Abstract: A method of using an ionic liquid as solvent in headspace gas chromatography.

Abstract: Methods and related apparatuses and mixtures are described for chromatographic analysis. The described system includes a pressurized source of a mobile phase and a flow path in fluid communication with the pressurized source such that the mobile phase flows through the flow path. The system also includes an injector in fluid communication with the flow path and downstream of the pressurized source, the injector being configured to inject a sample into the flow path. A first column located downstream of the injector, contains a stationary phase, and forms part of the flow path. A first detector is positioned to detect properties of fluid in the flow path at a location downstream of the injector and upstream from the first column. A second detector is positioned to detect properties of fluid in the flow path at a location downstream of the first column.

Abstract: A cooling apparatus for a radiant energy heated oven is disclosed, where the cooling apparatus cools the oven by directing a flow of coolant through a chamber in thermal communication with the oven resulting in sub-ambient cooling, sub-ambient holds, and in chromatography instruments, higher sample throughput by reducing cycle time or column cool down time.

Abstract: The present invention provides a gas detection method and detection apparatus that provide better sensitivity and faster recovery after response than conventional gas detection methods and apparatus, by improving on these conventional methods and apparatus. The present invention is a gas detection method, in which the target gas is detected while oxygen is supplied to a sensor element 11a of a metal oxide-type gas sensor 11, wherein the target gas is detected while water vapor is supplied to the sensor element 11a, and is also a gas detection apparatus equipped with an oxygen supply means 14 for supplying oxygen to a sensor element 11a of a metal oxide-type gas sensor 11, said gas detection apparatus being provided with a water vapor supply means 15 for supplying water vapor to the sensor element 11a.

Abstract: A method of analyzing a composition including live crude includes separating the composition into a vapor phase and a liquid phase. A composition of the vapor phase is determined with a gas chromatograph. At least a portion of the liquid phase is deposited in a vessel, and a headspace vapor phase is collected from the vessel. A composition of the headspace vapor is determined with the gas chromatograph.

Abstract: The present invention relates to devices for collecting and storing chemical samples and transferring those samples to analytical devices for analysis. In one implementation the device includes an interface for transferring samples and electrical signals. In another implementation, the device includes an analytical device having an interface for transferring samples and electrical signals with a sampling device. In another implementation, the device includes a sampling device having an interface for transferring samples and electrical signals with an analytical device.

Abstract: A specimen of an amniotic fluid is obtained and analyzed by GC/MS in order to generate a comprehensive metabolic profile. The profile is analyzed by comparing the levels of metabolites with normal levels of those compounds. Specific treatment is then prescribed for the metabolite levels that differ from the norm. These metabolites that are present in different levels than a normal specimen may be indicative of chromosomal abnormalities such as Down Syndrome. The method of the present invention is used to model the complex problem of a chromosomal abnormality as the sum of several simpler problems that may be treatable. The comprehensive metabolic profile is used to detect chromosomal abnormalities, to suggest treatments for fetal chromosomal abnormalities, and to monitor their effectiveness.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for calibrating a gas chromatography instrument by forcefully shooting a measured droplet which securely passes through a confined passageway without direct intervention of human hands into the entry throat of the instrument so as to avoid contaminating the apparatus or impairing the accuracy of the instrument.

Abstract: A system for measuring the permeance of a material. The permeability of the material may also be derived. The system provides a liquid or high concentration fluid bath on one side of a material test sample, and a gas flow across the opposing side of the material test sample. The mass flow rate of permeated fluid as a fraction of the combined mass flow rate of gas and permeated fluid is used to calculate the permeance of the material. The material test sample may be a sheet, a tube, or a solid shape. Operational test conditions may be varied, including concentration of the fluid, temperature of the fluid, strain profile of the material test sample, and differential pressure across the material test sample.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to instrument assemblies that can include a sample introduction port coupled to a chamber configured to receive the sample from the sample introduction port and provide analysis of the sample with a valve between the sample introduction port and the chamber. The instrument assemblies can include a septum housing assembly coupled to an analysis chamber interface with the interface including a valve and a cam rotatably mounted to the septum housing assembly and/or coupled to the valve. Analysis methods are also provided that can include introducing a sample to an instrument through both a sample introduction port and a valve coupled to the sample introduction port, and, after introducing the sample, closing the valve to seal the sample introduction port from a remainder of the instrument, with the remainder of the instrument being configured to analyze the sample after the introducing through the sample introduction port.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for rapidly preprocessing and analyzing chemical substances, which places a vaporization bottle containing a sample inside a microwave device and uses a magneton driving device to drive the magneton inside the vaporization bottle to rotate as to stir the sample liquid even. In the meantime, the radiation of the electromagnetic wave of the microwave device is used to activate the molecules of the sample liquid to move, causing the tested chemical substance in the sample liquid to be vaporized in a very short time. Therefore, the tested chemical substance can be absorbed or adsorbed by the absorbing medium to greatly reduce the sample preprocessing time and increase the quantity of the tested chemical substance sample. The detection limits of a tested chemical substance are therefore lowered without using organic solvents.

Abstract: The invention relates to a temperature-controlled injector for a chemical analysis unit, in particular a gas chromatograph, comprising an injector tube, which can be received by a receiving tube, having a cooling system, which surrounds the receiving tube, through which coolant can flow, which has coolant connections and which is designed as a metallic tube coil, and a resistance heating system for the injector tube, in which injector the receiving tube consists of a material of good thermal conductivity, is electrically insulating towards the outside, and the tube coil rests on the receiving tube, has an electrical resistance which is sufficient to rapidly heat the injector tube and can be acted on by current via electrical connection pieces.

Abstract: A method for determining the content quantities, solubilities and/or saturation pressures of gases dissolved in a liquid, which is characterized in that in order selectively to determine the individual content quantities of at least two gases dissolved in a liquid sample, more particularly carbon dioxide, nitrogen and/or oxygen, and/or the solubilities or saturation pressures thereof, the volume of at least one measuring chamber filled with the liquid for testing is increased the volume of at least two steps by volume increase factors differing one from another, each having numerical values greater than 1, in that, after each of the volume increase steps, the equilibrium pressure established in the measuring chamber is ascertained, and in that, on the basis of the at least two measured pressure values obtained in this way, the content quantities of the individual gases dissolved in the liquid, and/or the solubility or saturation pressure thereof, are calculated individually.

Abstract: A passive air sampler is designed to facilitate emptying granular or particulate adsorbent from it directly into a thermal desorption tube or other vessel for use in an analytical instrument. The preferred form has an adsorbent container in a conical or funnel-like shape.

Abstract: A gas chromatograph with multiple valves is disclosed. An embodiment of the multi-valve gas chromatograph includes multiple valves, multiple thermal conductivity detectors (TCD's), and a manifold. This allows separation and measurement of a gas sample in one compact integrated unit. The unit is particularly desirable because the solenoids associated with the valves are attached directly to the underneath of the manifold, thus eliminating the need for tubing between the solenoids and the valves. Other features may also be present. For example, a leak free multi-valve block may include a first temperature zone heating the valves and detectors and a second temperature zone heating the columns. The leak free feature may be achieved by placement of tightening screws through the center of each valve. Carrier gas insertion areas may be provided in the multi-valve block to improve performance.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a monitoring device making it possible to measure the concentration of a target trace gas which has an ionization efficiency changed by the affect of impurities and which is absorbed on a pretreatment portion or piping, at a high accuracy and at real time, by adding an internal standard having a known concentration to the target trace gas. The concentration of the target trace gas is measured while an internal standard having substantially the same properties (such as ionization efficiency change and vapor pressure) as the target trace gas is added. The ion strengths of the target trace gas and the internal standard are compared to calibrate the concentration of the target trace gas. According to the present invention, the concentration of the target trace gas in gas containing impurities can be online measured at a real time and at high accuracy while being continuously calibrated.

Abstract: A system for monitoring the emission of VOCs in a workstation is disclosed including a sensor to obtain a signal representative of the amount of coating discharged in the workstation, a database for storing data values representative of the signal, a network configured for allowing access to the database and at least one computing device for access to the database over the network and providing a user interface for presenting information representative of at least a portion of the data values. A method for monitoring the emission of VOCs in a workstation is disclosed.

Abstract: An ion separation instrument includes an ion source coupled to at least a first ion mobility spectrometer having an ion outlet coupled to a mass spectrometer. In one embodiment, the ion source includes a molecule separation instrument operable to separate ions in time according to a molecular characteristic such as ion retention time. The resultant instrument is thus operable to provide molecular information separated in time as functions of retention time, ion mobility and ion mass/charge. In another embodiment, the ion separation instrument includes first and second ion mobility instruments disposed in a cascade arrangement between the ion source and mass spectrometer, wherein the two ion mobility instruments are operable to separate ions in time each according to different ion mobility functions.

Abstract: A tubular membrane extractor column is connected to an oil filled electrical component such as a transformer. Fault gases dissolved in the transformer oil are extracted from the oil in the separator and are isolated in a second phase. Oil and second phase gas are circulated in separate flow paths until equilibrium is reached. Equilibrated gas is routed to a gas chromatograph or other analytical instrument requiring controlled fluid flow, and which incorporates a manifold assembly that eliminates the need for many of the external fittings and connections required in the instrument. A manifold block has plural fluid flow paths formed therethrough to route fluids to selected components. A collar mates to the block and adapts to a rotary injection valve to provide the continued fluid paths from the block to the injector valve and the other components of the instrument.